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Regional autonomy is an opportunity for regions to actualize and optimize the potential that exists in the regions. With all the existing authority in the regions that have been regulated in the applicable regulations, the regions must be able to carry out and carry out these authorities optimally with all the shortcomings and advantages possessed by each region. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of implementation of regional autonomy with a case study on the Gorontalo Provincial government. The type of research used is a qualitative approach with the type of Ethnographic research. The study was conducted in June-September 2022. This research was conducted in the DPRD of Gorontalo province. Data This research is supported by data derived from primary data through observation and in-depth interviews. The steps to analyze the data that have been obtained that have been conceptualized by informants are carried out by ethnography, the first is to transcribe the data obtained from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGD) stored in recorded interviews and field notes. Step Two, read the entirety of the data. The results of the study obtained that the form of implementation of regional autonomy by the Governor of Gorontalo was based on the principle of real autonomy, the principle of responsibility, and the principle of regional autonomy as widely as possible. In addition, there are also dynamic principles, unity principles, dissemination principles, harmony principles, democratic principles, and empowerment principles. First, the principle of real autonomy. Gorontalo Province with the breadth of region and diversity in its people, ranging from the diversity of tribes, religions, cultures, and traditional values.

Information systems are used by organizations to help the organization's operations become more efficient in their role as a tool to win the competition. Data processing has become an important part of the Management Information System that will affect every organization's activities. Universitas Hasanuddin's management information system has developed an online information system through the website, namely the Learning Management System. The Universitas Hasanuddin Learning Management System is prepared to support and expedite the learning process. However, the current learning management system has not been understood by lecturers and students due to poorly understood features, slow system access, and a lack of socialization of the use of the learning management system at the department or study program level, so that it does not encourage lecturers and students to use it more often. Learning Management System. This study aims to determine how the system's quality significantly affects the intensity of use. This type of quantitative descriptive research uses a survey approach in this study. The respondents in this study were adjusted for lecturers with a sample of 100 people and students with a sample of 100 people. Data collection techniques included Questionnaires and Document Studies. Data analysis techniques using Structural Equation Modeling will be processed using AMOS software version 24.00. This study found that the effect of system quality on the intensity of use resulted in a cr value of 0.328 < 1.96 and a p-value of 0.74 > 0.05, so there was no significant effect of system quality on the intensity of use. This answers the hypothesis in the study. Namely, H0 is rejected, and H1 is accepted.

This research is to analyze the dynamics of collaboration, and collaborative actions of the Kalla Group with the Makassar city government in tackling COVID-19. This research method is qualitative research that focuses on examining the phenomena that occur in the dynamics of collaboration, and collaborative actions between the government and the private sector in the implementation of the COVID-19 response in Makassar City. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews, observation and document review, namely collecting and studying relevant data and supporting research, literature, lecture materials, expert theories, and documents or archives that support this research. The informants from this study were 6 key informants selected purposively. The results of the study show that the Kalla Group has very good collaboration with the Makassar City Government in tackling COVID-19 in Makassar city. The role of the Kalla Group is in 2 stages, namely 1) Collaborative Dynamics, and 2) Collaborative Actions. There are 3 aspects in the dynamics of collaboration, namely the mobilization of shared principles, building shared motivation, and the capacity to take joint action. The Kalla Group carries out various collaborative actions so as to have an impact on the health, economy, and education sectors. The conclusion is that the Kalla Group Company has very good collaboration in Collaborative Governance for handling COVID-19 with the City Government of Makassar.

As a form of overcoming the problem of wastes, Sidenreng Rappang Regency had a Regional Regulation No.7 LD.2016/TLD.2016/NO.49 about Waste Management, which states that in order to improve the public health, realize a clean and healthy environmental, it's necessary to carry out management in an integrated and comprehensive manner from upstream to downstream. than in the context of comprehensive and integrated waste management, it's necessary to need the participation of the community with a proportional, effective and efficient manner. The purpose of this research is to determine the policy context of terms the policy evaluation of the waste management program in Sidenreng Rappang Regency. The method of research was carried out with data collection techniques, observations, and interviews with several informants. The type is descriptive qualitative using Miles and Huberman analysis techniques, that is namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the policy of program was not effective or was achieved due to lack of attention and control from the institution concerned, lack of socialization to the community, less TPS and TPA causing more indiscriminate disposal of waste, the schedule of operational disposal often experienced delays and had not been good implemented by the community , the existence of a waste bank that is increasingly lacking, and public awareness of waste management is tiny.

The purpose of this study is to analyze personality traits and the work of the Provincial Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) in carrying out the legislative function in Southeast Sulawesi Province. This research uses the method. This research is a qualitative research that aims to analyze a phenomenon, event, social activity, attitudes, perceptions, and thoughts of people both individually and within the scope of the group. This research was carried out in Southeast Sulawesi Province, precisely at the Regional House of Representatives of Southeast Sulawesi Province. The results of the study show that it is related to the personality and behavior of DPRD members in carrying out their legislative functions who behave well in several cases of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. the need for regulations, each article by article can be implemented properly and increase the capacity of the DPRD members of the Southeast Sulawesi Province. From the agenda for the ratification of this regional regulation, it is considered capable of increasing capacity, DPRD members in carrying out their functions and carrying out supervision to make budgeting more responsive. The capacity of DPRD members in carrying out legislative functions in Southeast Sulawesi Province is still not effective, this is due to the educational background and work background of current DPRD members, which incidentally come from businessmen and officials' wives.

This article will focus on the main factors of change and development of economic modernization in trade. Since Malaysia gained independence, the agricultural sector has been a significant contributor to the country's financial income. However, in the 1980s, the industrial sector became essential to the national economy through gas and petroleum production. This situation changed the country's economic system and policies from the agricultural industry to the industrial sector in the early 1980s. The study examines the critical factors in Malaysia's economic development and trade changes from the 1960s to the 1990s. The study will also discuss changes and developments in the country's significant financial and trade policies. This research is using qualitative method by analyzing primary documents or materials from archives and secondary sources such as journal articles related to this research. The study began in the 1960s to take the year of Malaysia's independence in 1957 and ended before the Asian economic crisis in 1997. The findings show that internal factors such as government policy approaches and the country's vital financial resources were determinants of trade sector change. In addition, external factors of changes in the world economic environment and economic blocs also affect the modernization of the world economy. Therefore, internal and external factors play an essential role in developing the modernization of the trade economy.

Transparency in the management of auctions for the construction of hospitals and medical devices is important, there are still many indications of fraud committed by irresponsible persons making the auction process unaccountable, therefore the purpose of this research is to see the transparency of the implementation of the duties of the commitment makers (PPK) in the implementation of Goods and Services Auction in South Sulawesi Province, especially in the health sector. Data collection techniques used in the form of interviews, literature study, observation, and documentation, data analysis consists of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the implementation of the duties of the Commitment Making Officer (PPK) in the auction of goods and services in the health sector in South Sulawesi Province was not optimal, because even though information on each stage of the auction process was available on the LPSE website, the availability and accessibility of documents for evaluation was still a formality, it was still weak.

Prevention of corruption requires the involvement of all elements. This is because corruption has become an acute problem, especially in the auction of goods and services. The level of corruption in this sector based on data from the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) in 2020 is the second highest after bribery cases. The purpose of this study is to analyze the collaborative Institute Design model for preventing corruption in the procurement of goods and services in South Sulawesi Province. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research approach. Data collection techniques used in the form of interviews, literature study, observation, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the Institute's Design for auctions of goods and services has not been optimal in realizing the Collaborative Prevention of corruption in the procurement of goods and services in the health sector in South Sulawesi Province. This is because although the auction of goods and services is open to the public to participate, there is no joint forum between auction organizers, law enforcement, providers and non-governmental organizations in preventing corruption. In addition, joint decisions across stakeholders are only at the central level and have not been implemented well to the regions.

Collaborating to avoid corruption in the auction process for products and services will be a success or failure depending on the leadership of each entity. This is due to the fact that it includes a wide range of parties, including the UKBJ, APIP, police, prosecutors, providers (enterprises), and civic organizations. In order to thwart corruption, this research examines how leaders might make cooperation easier. In South Sulawesi Province, there are auctions of commodities and services related to the health industry. A method known as descriptive qualitative research has been used in this study to better understand the data. Interviews, literature review, observation, and documenting are all forms of data collecting. Corruption prevention efforts in South Sulawesi Province's Health sector had not been properly facilitated by the leadership of the auction of goods and services. There has been room for all parties to participate in the health sector auction of goods and services, as indicated by top management of the auction of goods and services and briefing each technical implementer in their respective institutions to master the applicable rules and take a moral approach to strengthening credibility through the involvement of law enforcement and elements of society member. However, if the leadership intervenes, each technical implementer is more likely to commit fraud. While the MoU has yet to be signed, the parties participating in the partnership are still able to work together in an informal capacity.

First and foremost, the dynamics of basic education in Central Mamuju Regency are characterized by four factors, including (1) communication difficulties, (2) a lack of psychological relationships between educators and students, and (3) the pandemic's effect on the learning system, which affects online learning psychologically. Teacher difficulties in implementing Scientific Learning-Based Education and giving learning evaluations are among the resources that may be accessed. Certain students may not be able to comprehend the substance of material provided via online media by the instructor, the internet network may be disturbed at times, and some subject matter that needs particular learning tools and/or media cannot be utilized due to the absence of online learning media. The instructor conveys the information in the most effective manner. There are several conditions that must be met by every school that holds face-to-face learning, including the permission of students' parents through committees, the readiness of the school to hold face-to-face learning with strict health protocols, and obtain permission from the local government through the COVID-19 task force. (4). Bureaucratic structure.

The implementation of poverty reduction policies in Makassar City is still reaping many problems. Various poverty reduction programs launched by the government have not been able to eradicate poverty effectively. In the implementation of these various poverty reduction programs, the response of the target group tends to be negative, causing fragmentation at the level of implementation. Therefore, this study aims to identify and analyze the process of implementing poverty reduction policies in Makassar City from the perspective of group behavior. The research method used is a qualitative method with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, field observations, and review of poverty documents. The research data were analyzed by qualitative analysis. The results show that the community is basically very responsive to the existence of poverty reduction policies in the form of multi-purpose social security assistance distributed by the Makassar City Social Service because some of them feel helped by the assistance, but some also feel that the policies are not well targeted due to incomplete data collection. equitable and fair. The inaccuracy of policy targets (assistance for beneficiaries) for the poor causes social jealousy in the community which has an impact on street level publicity and policy performance so that it does not significantly reduce poverty in Makassar City.

This paper tries to examine the potential of collaborative governance, especially the Ansell and Gash models, to be applied to the policy formation process, in this case the formation of regional regulations. This study is based on the failure of a policy sometimes only seen from the side of its implementation, but it could be that the failure occurred when the policy process was made. The position of the public or the community in the policy-making process is sometimes only considered as a complement so that their involvement is only interpreted as a formality to comply with regulations. The method used in this research is qualitative by using a case study approach related to the formation of Regional Regulations concerning the Arrangement and Empowerment of Street Vendors in Bone Regency. The result of this research is that collaborative governance can basically be applied at every stage of the policy. The application of collaborative governance can be done by basing on the current basic policies in the Law on Regional Government and the Law on the Establishment of Legislation. The use of the terms public consultation and research must be interpreted as a collaborative forum.

Konfrontasi Malaysia dan Indonesia yang berlaku pada tahun 1963 telah menjadi sejarah hitam buat negara serumpun. Kesan konfrontasi menyebabkan hubungan politik dan ekonomi terjejas sehingga merugikan kedua-dua negara. Ini menyebabkan proses pemulihan untuk menamatkan konfrontasi terus dilakukan bagi memastikan hubungan kedua-dua negara pulih semula. Ketika era konfrontasi Malaysia dan Indonesia berlaku, dua watak penting dalam pemulihan semula hubungan Malaysia dan Indonesia adalah Tun Abdul Razak (Malaysia) dan Adam Malik (Indonesia). Perubahan pemerintahan Indonesia daripada Presiden Sukarno kepada Presiden Suharto telah merubah persekitaran luar Indonesia yang membolehkan langkah awal pemulihan hubungan Malaysia dan Indonesia. Kajian akan mengkaji peranan dan sumbangan kedua-dua tokoh iaitu Tun Abdul Razak dan Adam Malik dalam memulihkan semula hubungan diplomatik Malaysia dan Indonesia. Kaedah metodologi yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dan pendekatan analisis sejarah untuk mengenal pasti peristiwa dan kronologi berpandukan analisis dokumen. Data yang digunakan adalah data yang diperolehi melalui sumber primer dan sekunder. Kajian mendapati bahawa pandangan dan ideologi dasar luar yang lebih neutral dan berkecuali dalam isu hubungan antarabangsa oleh keduadua tokoh ini menjadi asas penting kepada persamaan dasar dalam pemulihan hubungan dan penamatan konfrontasi Malaysia dan Indonesia. Kajian ini memberikan pengetahuan mendalam hubungan Malaysia dan Indonesia terutama berkaitan peristiwa konfrontasi selain dapat membantu meningkatkan dasar hubungan dua hala Malaysia-Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the disposition factors in the implementation of the National Health Insurance Program-Healthy Indonesia Card in Makassar City. This research uses qualitative methods. This research focuses on disposition factors in the implementation of health insurance service delivery policies at the Guarantee Administration with a phenomenological approach. Sources of data were collected through direct observation and in-depth interviews. The results showed that the disposition in the implementation of the National Health Insurance Program-Healthy Indonesia Card at the Makassar City Social Security Administration is through the appointment of employees in the Social Security Administering Bodies (BPJS) organizational structure at the level. Specific requirements (minimum S1, minimum 5 years work experience as supervisor for the Supervisory Board and directors for the Board of Directors) are considered qualified to hold the position. The selection of branch leaders is imposed by an internal selection system of BPJS Kesehatan. Incentives received by the leadership and employees for determining the amount of salary based on the provisions of the central level and adjusted to the region. The amount of salary / incentive for Makassar City BPJS Health employees is determined according to the lowest Makassar City Minimum Wage, the rest is based on position level. It can be understood that the performance of the Makassar City Healthcare BPJS has not provided the satisfaction of JKK KIS users because there are still complaints from prospective participants who are still taking care of membership, even though it is admittedly the process of validating data originating from the kelurahan, people still consider it slow.

Krisis ekonomi 1997 yang telah berlaku di Thailand, Korea Selatan, Filipina, Malaysia dan Indonesia telah memberi kesan yang besar terhadap inflasi ekonomi dan nilai mata wang. Malaysia dan Indonesia juga antara negara yang turut menerima kesan buruk terhadap krisis ekonomi yang berlaku. Fokus kajian adalah mengkaji tindakan yang diambil oleh Kerajaan Malaysia dan Indonesia dalam menangani dan memulihkan semula krisis ekonomi. Perbezaan dasar dan strategi dalam menangani krisis ekonomi Malaysia dan Indonesia dikaji secara mendalam bagi melihat impak terhadap permulihan ekonomi. Selain itu, kajian juga turut melihat kesan ekonomi 1997 terhadap pelaburan Malaysia di Indonesia. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa kegagalan menangani krisis ekonomi 1997 bukan sahaja memberi impak kepada pembangunan ekonomi negara malah turut memberi impak kepada politik negara. Keadaan ini telah memberi impak terhadap politik di Indonesia sehingga jatuhnya kerajaan Order Baharu Suharto. Kegagalan Indonesia memulihkan ekonomi dalam jangka masa pendek telah memberi kesan pelaburan Malaysia terutama dalam sektor peladangan di Indonesia. Ini telah membawa kepada pemberhentian operasi peladangan sehingga keadaan ekonomi Indonesia pulih.

The implementation of the bottom-up model policy especially the Smith model has not been effective in implementing the policy of the National Program for Community Empowerment of Independent Urban Area, known as PNPM MP, in Makassar City. Through qualitative method with case study, performance of policy implementation of PNPM MP aims to assist and develop community through development trajectory, but new infrastructure development is quite successful, but economic development in business capital and socio-political development has not been effective. The program, for example; Social development problem is stagnant after much practice because it is not supported by the equipment work post training. The ability to manage revolving funds, and repayment of interest on loans, and cooperate with others economically. Politically they generally do not know it. The overall linkage is very weak, so it sometimes provokes confusion to frictions between stakeholders in the region. The cause of the problem is that stakeholders are adopting what is formulated as a poverty alleviation policy (PNPM MP). However, the policy does not provide the flexibility of stakeholders or target groups to change policy objectives. This means that the peasants program of poverty is not bottom up, but a combination of top down and bottom up.

The implementation of the bottom-up model policy especially the Smith model has not been effective in implementing the policy of the National Program for Community Empowerment of Independent Urban Area, known as PNPM MP, in Makassar City. Through qualitative method with case study, performance of policy implementation of PNPM MP aims to assist and develop community through development trajectory, but new infrastructure development is quite successful, but economic development in business capital and socio-political development has not been effective. The program, for example; Social development problem is stagnant after much practice because it is not supported by the equipment work post training. The ability to manage revolving funds, and repayment of interest on loans, and cooperate with others economically. Politically they generally do not know it. The overall linkage is very weak, so it sometimes provokes confusion to frictions between stakeholders in the region. The cause of the problem is that stakeholders are adopting what is formulated as a poverty alleviation policy (PNPM MP). However, the policy does not provide the flexibility of stakeholders or target groups to change policy objectives. This means that the peasants program of poverty is not bottom up, but a combination of top down and bottom up.

Policy of spatial utilization by street vendors in Makassar city has changed from regulation determined by government. This research aims to know and analyze policy core belief from actors related to policy of spatial utilization by street vendors and impacts resulted from spatial utilization by street vendors in Makassar city. Method used in this research is qualitative with strategy of a case study. The results of this research are found that policy of spatial utilization by street vendors has changed caused by policy core belief or understanding of the government actors and street vendors in coordinating actions not based on belief equality toward achievement of policy goals. Policy impacts of spatial utilization by street vendors in Makassar city have appropriate and inappropriate parameter impact with policy.

Perilaku, khususnya perilaku manusia, merujuk semua kegiatan atau aktivitas manusia baik yang dapat diamati langsung maupun yang tidak dapat diamati pihak luar.

Objective research is analyzing input behavior individual in service public, which includes diversity demographics, values espoused, and ability intellectual as well as behavioral process individual in service public, includes emotion, motivation, perception, and taking decision Outcomes and Individual Behavior in service public covering Employee Performance and Citizenship discretionary behavior or behavior (OCB). The approach used is qualitative method with case study strategy. Retrieving data using interviews and observations and study of the document. Analysis of data using analysis model interactive. Result research show that Input behavior individual influence the process behavior bureaucracy in public service field land. However, no all input parameters behavior affect all dimensional behavioral process bureaucracy in public service field land. The process of individual behavior in the public service in our land office Kendari, not ?? all parameters affect all dimensional behavioral outcomes bureaucracy in public service field land. Behavioral outcomes individual in service public institutions land less corresponding with behavioral outcomes that are assumed in modern bureaucracy, characterized with performance formal duty high and involvement in behavior discretionary (OCB) extensive. Behavioral outcomes bureaucracy in service land still less corresponding with hope good in dimension performance formal assignment or discretionary behavior (OCB) in the public service field land.

The implementation of the top down model policy especially the Meter and Horn policy is not effective yet in implementing the Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Mandiri Perkotaan (PNPM MP) policy in Parepare. Using qualitative method with a case study, the performance of the PNPM MP Policy implementation aims at assisting and autotomizing the society using three efforts of development. Infrastructure development has been successful, while economy development in business capitals and social development are not effective yet. The causative factors such as the policy standard, resources, inter-organizational communication, organization characteristics, socio-economy, and disposition are not optimized yet. Therefore, inter-agencies cooperation is needed so that the PNPM MP policy implementation in Parepare can be effective.

This study aims to identify and analyze the mechanisms, structures and incentives partnerships between government, private and public in the area of the strait Dampir district of Raja Ampat. This study used a qualitative approach with case study. This study used a technique of in-depth interviews, observation and documents , Data were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, making conclusions and verification. These results indicate that the mechanism of the partnership, aktor-actors involved seeks synergy between its mission with common interests. Effectiveness partnerships undertaken continue to be pursued through coordination mechanisms between actors in the utilization of the wealth of Dampir Strait region. In partnership unification occurs, utilization, and the synergy of government resources, public and private sectors. The structure of partnerships in order to manage the tourist area of the Strait of Dampir in Raja Ampat is not integrated but fragmented parties working together to achieve the goal area together. Government own incentives minimal process management cooperation Dampir Strait. This is because people who have the resources directly by reference to customary rights

The spatial planning policy as included in the Local Regulation No. 6/2006 on the spatial planning of Makassar in 2005-2015 has changed from the original blueprint. The policy changing occurred on decisions or programs, but not on institutional regulations. The decisions or programs on spatial planning that were different from the original policy were visible on the licensing decisions in the Development Region I and Development Region III. The purpose of this research was to analyze the changing of the spatial planning policy that was resulted from the behavior of the advocacy coalition who competed with each other in the utilization of strategy and political resources, which was assumed to be affecting the policy output. The study results indicated that the changing of the spatial planning policy in Makassar was resulted from the competition between the major advocacy coalition and the minor advocacy coalition in influencing the policy. The Major Advocacy Coalition used the combination of strategy and political resources more in comparison to the minor advocacy coalition. The utilization of strategy from each advocacy coalitions was effective in several cases but ineffective in other cases. The difference in the effectiveness of the utilization of strategy was on the interests in each cases. In the projects that were based on public interests, the Major Coalition was more systematic in advocating the policy core beliefs, but in other projects that were based on private interests, the Major Coalition was likely to withdraw.

This study aims to find out and analyze the process of implementing capacity building for fish processing business groups by the Fisheries Service in Sinjai District. Data collection in this study is through interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed using qualitative analysis. The results showed that in the process of implementing capacity building for fish business groups through training carried out by the Sinjai Regency Fisheries Office it had ineffective. There are several obstacles faced in the effort to develop the capacity of fish business groups, among others: Development participants have an unequal or heterogeneous background, such as education, work experience, and age. This will complicate and hamper the smoothness and implementation of training and education because of their catching power, perceptions, and reasoning for the lessons given differently. The curriculum that is established and taught is not in accordance with the needs of the trainees, in addition to the duration of the material delivery time is very short. In addition, the continuation of coaching is still lacking because after the training, it is not followed up by providing business capital as one of the problems faced by the group.

The study aims to analyze and explain regional spatial policy change by applying policy subsystem variables based on ACF version 1998 by Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith. Policy subsystem variables consisting of policy core beliefs, advocacy coalition, and advocacy coalition resource are assumed having influence on spatial policy change. Qualitative approach through case study strategy is applied to investigate policy change and policy subsystem in natural context. Case of the study is changes upon spatial utilization in midtown area of Makassar City. Multi-stakeholder analysis tool by GTZ (2007) is applied to obtain and analyze the data. The study concludes that policy core beliefs change comes from advocacy coalition, while advocacy coalition resource does not affect spatial policy change of Makassar City. The finding implicates theoretically that ACF model version 1998 by Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith is inapplicable to explain spatial policy change in Makassar City.

Framework Model In Implementation Of Spatial Policy In Makassar City (Framework Model In Implememntation of Spatial Policy Change of Makassar City)

Kakisan ialah proses semula jadi yang boleh menjejaskan prestasi kemudahan minyak dan gas. Keadaan ini boleh menyebabkan berlakunya pencemaran terutama semasa pengeluaran, penghantaran, proses penstoran, pengaliran melalui talian paip dan aktiviti lain di pelantar luar pesisir luar. Artikel ini mengetengahkan keberkesanan lignosulfonat yang diekstrak daripada tandan buah jarak (EFB) sebagai agen perencat kakisan. Tandan buah jarak digunakan dalam kajian ini kerana tandan terbabit mengandungi sekitar 25% lignin. Lignin diekstrak daripada tandan menggunakan kaedah Klason Lignin dengan ketulenannya dinilai menerusi ujian Spektroskopi Lampau Merah Jelmaan Fourier (FT–IR). Lignin yang dihasilkan kemudiannya menjalani proses sulfit bagi mengubah sifat–sifatnya kepada lignosulfonat. Kajian pembandingan dilakukan di makmal yang melibatkan penggunaan perencat kakisan komersial dan lignosulfonat EFB dan tanpa perencat kakisan terbabit, menggunakan keluli karbon dalam larutan air garam bagi menentukan kepekatan optimumnya. Agen perencat kakisan komersial yang digunakan ialah Sodium Benzotriazole (BTA–S). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa lignosulfonat EFB boleh memberikan prestasi yang lebih baik berbanding BTA–S. Kepekatan optimum lignosulfonat EFB ialah 20% dengan kecekapan perencatannya ialah 72%. Penemuan ini membuktikan bahawa lignosulfonat EFB berpotensi menjadi agen perencat kakisan yang baik. Kata kunci: Kakisan; tandan buah jarak; kecekapan perencatan; Jatropha Curcas; kaedah klason lignin; proses sulfit Corrosion is a natural process that can affect the performance of facilities in oil and gas industry. This gives a serious view of pollution to the ocean especially during production, transportation, storage process, transmission pipelines and other activities on offshore platforms. This paper discusses the effectiveness of lignin extracted from Jatropha Curcas’ empty fruit bunch (EFB) as a corrosion inhibitor agent. Jatropha Curcas empty fruit bunch was used in this study as it is a good source of lignin where it contains 25% of lignin. Lignin had been extracted from the Jatropha Curcas empty fruit bunches using Klason Lignin method and the purity of treated lignin was verified using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT–IR). Extracted lignin then went under sulphite processes to change its characteristic into lignosulfonate. A performance comparison work was carried out in the laboratory with and without commercial inhibitor and lignosulfonate EFB using carbon steel in brine solution to determine its optimum concentration. The commercial inhibitor used was Sodium Benzotriazole (BTA–S). Experimental results revealed that lignosulfonate EFB could give a better performance as corrosion inhibitor compared to BTA–S. The optimum concentration for lignosulfonate EFB was 20% with inhibitor efficiency was 70%. These findings show that EFB lignosulfonate has the potential to be a good corrosion inhibitor. Key words: Corrosion; empty fruit bunch; inhibitor efficiency; Jatropha Curcas; klason lignin method; sulphite process

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is important to solve the complexity of organizational problems in public sector, including BUMN. However, it still has different explanation about factors which have influence to OCB. This study aims to examine the relationship between organizational commitment and OCB atPT Telkom Makassar. Used approach in this research is quantitative by survey methods, through a number of 176 employees from 6 divisions at this BUMN organization by giving response to OCB and their commitment to the organization. Data is collected by questionnaire. Data analysis applies statistical analysis of recursive path model using SPSS version 17.0. Findings of this research reveals that success rate of an organization is also determined by on how organization stimulates their employees upon the organization itself. It can be concluded that organizational commitment positively and significantly relates to OCB at PT Telkom Makassar. Hence, it is suggested that for the forthcoming studies, researcher needs to wield qualitative approach to gather a much deeper information in order to explain the phenomenon.