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يعدُّ الزيوليت الطبيعي من المواد الهامة والتي بدأ استخدامها في الصناعة والزراعة في ستينيات القرن الماضي لتمتعه بمجموعة من الخصائص الهامة. دُرِسَ امتزاز أزرق الميتيلين لثلاث عينات من التوضعات الخام الحاوية على الزيوليت ضمن منطقة الدراسة ( ( M, R, J, حددت مساحة السطح النوعي لهذه التوضعات, وحللت بطريقة الــ (DTA-TG), حيث أظهرت النتائج أن منحني الامتزاز لأزرق الميتلين من نوع اللانغمويري وينتمي إلى الصنف L حسب تصنيف جيليس وزملائه. توصل البحث إلى أن سعة الامتزاز للطبقة الأولى Xm للعينة الأولى mg/g 0.113= Xmللعينة الثانية mg/g 0.071=Xm, أما للعينة الثالثة فكانت mg/g 0.102=Xm . وكانت المساحة السطحية المتقبلة لجزيئات أزرق الميتلين في العينة الأولى m2/g SMB=81.63 وفي العينة الثانية 102.58 m2/g SMB= , وللعينة الثالثة SMB=73.68 m2/g. بين التحليل الحراري التفاضلي (DTA-TG) أن العينات الثلاث تتمتع بثبات حراري ضمن مجال واسع وأن هناك أثراً طفيفاً ماصاً للحرارة عند الدرجة Cº 900 ناجماً عن تلبد طفيف في البنية الزيوليتية. بينت الدراسة بشكل عام أن التوضعات المدروسة تصلح بما تملكه من مساحات سطح مقبولة كمادة مازة جيدة.

Introduction: Impacted or transposed teeth present a common yet challenging issue in dentistry. These conditions occur when teeth fail to erupt properly or emerge in abnormal positions within the dental arch., Material and Method: This article explores the evolving landscape of therapeutic strategies for impacted or transposed teeth, emphasizing a multidisciplinary and patient-centered approach., Results: By adopting a multidisciplinary approach involving orthodontists, oral surgeons, and other dental specialists, clinicians can tailor treatment plans to address individual needs and optimize outcomes., Discussion: Therapeutic reassessment of impacted or transposed teeth represents a paradigm shift in modern dentistry, emphasizing personalized care, minimally invasive techniques, and interdisciplinary collaboration.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of orthodontic bracket prescription on smile attractiveness., Methods: Three women were chosen according to their sagittal skeletal pattern: skeletal Class I, II, or III malocclusion. For each, 3 smiling pictures were taken in frontal, oblique, and lateral views. The maxillary arch was then scanned, and a 3-dimensional digital model was constructed on the OrthoAnalyzer software. The information of 3 orthodontic prescriptions, namely Roth, MBT, and Ricketts, was simulated after the virtual placement of orthodontic brackets on 10 maxillary teeth. The simulations were then superimposed on the smile photographs in the 3 views, creating a total of 27 images. Groups of orthodontists, dentists, and laypeople rated the attractiveness of each smile using the visual analog scale., Results: This study included 167 evaluators: 54 orthodontists, 54 dentists, and 59 laypersons. In terms of orthodontic prescription, MBT esthetic scores were 4% lower than Roth scores (P <0.001), and Ricketts scores were 13.6% lower than Roth scores (P <0.001). In terms of skeletal pattern, Class II and III scores were 15.0% and 16.4% lower than Class I scores, respectively (P <0.001). Regarding the smiling view, oblique view scores were 3.1% lower than frontal view scores (P = 0.031), whereas lateral view scores were 8.4% lower than frontal view scores (P <0.001). In contrast to gender and age, the specialty of the evaluators significantly affected the esthetic rating of the smiles., Conclusions: The attractiveness of a smile is affected by the prescription of the brackets. The Roth prescription tends to obtain the most favorable esthetic scores, especially in sagittal smiling images. Profile smiles with excessively proclined incisors are considered unattractive. Different views of the same smile do not get similar esthetic scores because sagittal views are rated the most severely., (Copyright © 2023 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

In the rapidly evolving landscape of wireless communication, each successive generation of networks has achieved significant technological leaps, profoundly transforming the way we connect and interact. From the analog simplicity of 1G to the digital prowess of 5G, the journey of mobile networks has been marked by constant innovation and escalating demands for faster, more reliable, and more efficient communication systems. As 5G becomes a global reality, laying the foundation for an interconnected world, the quest for even more advanced networks leads us to the threshold of the sixth-generation (6G) era. This paper presents a hierarchical exploration of 6G networks, poised at the forefront of the next revolution in wireless technology. This study delves into the technological advancements that underpin the need for 6G, examining its key features, benefits, and key enabling technologies. We dissect the intricacies of cutting-edge innovations like terahertz communication, ultra-massive MIMO, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), quantum communication, and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces. Through a meticulous analysis, we evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, and state-of-the-art research in these areas, offering a wider view of the current progress and potential applications of 6G networks. Central to our discussion is the transformative role of AI in shaping the future of 6G networks. By integrating AI and ML, 6G networks are expected to offer unprecedented capabilities, from enhanced mobile broadband to groundbreaking applications in areas like smart cities and autonomous systems. This integration heralds a new era of intelligent, self-optimizing networks that promise to redefine the parameters of connectivity and digital interaction. We also address critical challenges in the deployment of 6G, from technological hurdles to regulatory concerns, providing a holistic assessment of potential barriers. By highlighting the interplay between 6G and AI technologies, this study maps out the current landscape and lights the path forward in this rapidly evolving domain. This paper aims to be a cornerstone resource, providing essential insights, addressing unresolved research questions, and stimulating further investigation into the multifaceted realm of 6G networks. By highlighting the synergy between 6G and AI technologies, we aim to illuminate the path forward in this rapidly evolving field.

Worldwide medical and scientific communities are focusing on further understanding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complications and its long-term impact on survivors. Pneumatocele cases are being reported more as a consequence of this virus and a cause of pneumothorax in certain patients. In this case vignette, we present a previously healthy male with COVID-19 symptoms who required hospitalization for hypoxia and who required readmission for bilateral pneumothorax from the delayed rupture of pneumatoceles. We describe this rare pathology and provide hypotheses for possible etiologies., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Khiatah et al.)

Industrial Control Systems (ICS), which include Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, Distributed Control Systems (DCS), and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), play a crucial role in managing and regulating industrial processes. However, ensuring the security of these systems is of utmost importance due to the potentially severe consequences of cyber attacks. This article presents an overview of ICS security, covering its components, protocols, industrial applications, and performance aspects. It also highlights the typical threats and vulnerabilities faced by these systems. Moreover, the article identifies key factors that influence the design decisions concerning control, communication, reliability, and redundancy properties of ICS, as these are critical in determining the security needs of the system. The article outlines existing security countermeasures, including network segmentation, access control, patch management, and security monitoring. Furthermore, the article explores the integration of machine learning techniques to enhance the cybersecurity of ICS. Machine learning offers several advantages, such as anomaly detection, threat intelligence analysis, and predictive maintenance. However, combining machine learning with other security measures is essential to establish a comprehensive defense strategy for ICS. The article also addresses the challenges associated with existing measures and provides recommendations for improving ICS security. This paper becomes a valuable reference for researchers aiming to make meaningful contributions within the constantly evolving ICS domain by providing an in-depth examination of the present state, challenges, and potential future advancements.

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology and devices represent an exciting field in computer science that is rapidly emerging worldwide. The demand for automation and efficiency has also been a contributing factor to the advancements in this technology. The proliferation of IoT devices coincides with advancements in wireless networking technologies, driven by the enhanced connectivity of the internet. Today, nearly any everyday object can be connected to the network, reflecting the growing demand for automation and efficiency. This paper reviews the emergence of IoT devices, analyzed their common applications, and explored the future prospects in this promising field of computer science. The examined applications encompass healthcare, agriculture, and smart cities. Although IoT technology exhibits similar deployment trends, this paper will explore different fields to discern the subtle nuances that exist among them. To comprehend the future of IoT, it is essential to comprehend the driving forces behind its advancements in various industries. By gaining a better understanding of the emergence of IoT devices, readers will develop insights into the factors that have propelled their growth and the conditions that led to technological advancements. Given the rapid pace at which IoT technology is advancing, this paper provides researchers with a deeper understanding of the factors that have brought us to this point and the ongoing efforts that are actively shaping the future of IoT. By offering a comprehensive analysis of the current landscape and potential future developments, this paper serves as a valuable resource to researchers seeking to contribute to and navigate the ever-evolving IoT ecosystem.

Background: Systemic amyloidosis is group of disorders characterized by the accumulation of insoluble proteins in tissues. The most common form of systemic amyloidosis is light chain amyloidosis, which results from the accumulation of misfolded immunoglobulins. The disease is progressive, with treatment targeted at the underlying plasma cell dyscrasia. Since essentially any organ system can be affected, the presentation is variable and delays in diagnosis are common. Given this diagnostic difficulty, we discuss four different manifestations of light chain amyloidosis., Case Presentations: In this case series, we discuss four cases of light chain amyloidosis. These include cardiac, hepatic, and gastrointestinal as well as autonomic and peripheral nerve involvement with amyloidosis. The patients in our series are of Caucasian background and include a  69-year-old female, a 29-year-old female, a 68-year-old male, and a 70-year-old male, respectively. The case discussions highlight variability in presentation and diagnostic challenges., Conclusions: Amyloidosis is a rare but serious disease that is often complicated by long delays in diagnosis. Morbidity and mortality can sometimes be limited if diagnosed earlier. We hope our real life cases will contribute to understanding and to early suspicion that can lead to early diagnosis and management., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) of the metal APC™ Flash-Free adhesive system, the APC™ pre-coated adhesive system and a conventional uncoated system., Materials and Methods: One hundred eighty-six freshly extracted human premolars were randomly divided into 3 groups and bonded by a single operator. Group A/Control Group (60 teeth): the manual bonding group treated with Transbond™ XT Light Cure Adhesive Paste (3M™ Unitek). Group B (60 teeth): treated with APC™II metal maxillary premolar precoated brackets. Group C (66 teeth): treated with metal maxillary premolar APC Flash-Free brackets. The teeth were then stored in distilled water at 37̊C for 24hours, and five hundred cycles of thermocycling were performed. The Shear Bond Strength (SBS) test was performed using an Instron Universal Testing Machine, and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was determined using a dental optical microscope at ×25 magnification., Results: The mean shear bond strength values showed differences between the three types of brackets (P=0.016; Anova). It was significantly higher with APC™II and lower with APC Flash-Free brackets; however, no significant differences were found between conventional and APC Flash-Free brackets (P-value=0.574). The distribution of the dichotomized ARI score was significantly different between the three brackets (P-value=0.049). The ARI score for APC Flash-Free brackets was higher with no significant difference between the conventional system and APC brackets (P-value=0.361)., Conclusions: The mean SBS values were not significantly different between APC Flash-Free metal brackets and uncoated metal brackets. The APC Flash-Free metal system's bond failure occurred at the bracket-adhesive interface, with the highest percentage of teeth having more than 50% of the residual composite on the enamel after debonding., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The aim of this in vitro study was to determine if there is a significant difference in the excess adhesive flash between the metallic APC™ Flash-Free adhesive system, the APC™ pre-coated adhesive system and a conventional uncoated system., Materials and Methods: One hundred eighty-six freshly extracted human premolars were randomly and blindly divided into three groups according to the type of brackets. Group A (control group n=60): The conventional uncoated metallic bracket (Victory, 3M Unitek®) with a Transbond XT™ Light Cure Adhesive Paste was used. Group B (n=60): The APC™ II metallic maxillary precoated premolar brackets was used. Group C (n=66) : The metallic APC™ Flash-Free adhesive system without flash clean up was used. Images were taken at 40 magnifications in a dental microscope (Leica M320 for dental, Wetzlar, Germany) then analyzed with the ImageJ software and the area of excess adhesive flash was measured., Results: The mean percentage was significantly different between the three groups (p<0.001; ANOVA). It was significantly smaller for brackets in the APC Flash-Free group (p<0.001), and the difference was not significant between conventional brackets and APC (p=0.224)., Discussion: The new technique seems to reduce the amount of excessive adhesive around orthodontic brackets.

Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of enamel deproteinization on the shear bond strength of a self-etching primer Transbond Plus™(TBP), with different application times of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl 5.25%), primarily and secondarily on the adhesive remnant index score., Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty-five freshly extracted human premolars were randomly and blindly divided into five groups according to the enamel surface preparation, as follows (n=25): group 1(control): Etching with 37% phosphoric acid for 15seconds+Bonding; group 2 (control): TBP™ without NaOCl, group 3: 60seconds NaOCl+TBP™, group 4: 30seconds NaOCl+TBP™, group 5: 15seconds NaOCl+TBP™. The same composite resin was used (Transbond XT™) to bond the orthodontic metal brackets. After the immersion of the teeth in distilled water at 37°C for 24hours the shear bond strength was measured using the universal testing machine and the adhesive remnant index score (ARI) was evaluated under an optical microscope (25×)., Results: The mean SBS values (inMPa) of the groups were respectively: group 1: 13.03±5.36; group 2: 12.28±3.06; group 3: 12.38±4.55; group 4: 12.98±5.76; and group 5: 11.73±5.67. Enamel deproteinization increased the SBS for groups 3 and 4, but no statistically significant difference was found between the five groups (P=0.883). Group 1 showed the highest ARI scores, with 52% of the teeth retaining all the adhesive (score 3). However, for all the other groups, scores 0 and 1 were predominant, with less than half of the adhesive or no adhesive at all remaining on the teeth., Conclusions: Enamel deproteinization with sodium hypochlorite (5.25%) and the variation of its application time has no effect on the SBS of the self-etching primer Transbond Plus ™., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) can lead to acute bilateral obstructive pyelonephritis (ABOP) due to bilateral ureteral compression. When this occurs, conservative treatment through POP reduction, intravenous antibiotics and supportive care seems to provide an interesting option in the wait of definitive management of POP. The cornerstone of ABOP management, which is the emergent urinary drainage, seems to have many drawbacks in this context due to both technical and patient-related criteria, making it invasive and compromising patient safety and comfort in many settings. Here, we review the management of ABOP and provide a case of an acute obstructive pyelonephritis due to POP., Competing Interests: Financial & competing interests disclosure The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript., (© 2021 Georges Abi Tayeh.)

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine among young orthodontic patients the relation between the spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) fusion and the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) and to look for an eventual impact of gender, skeletal class and vertical pattern on their association., Material and Methods: CBCT scans and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 117 patients, aged between 8 and 18 years, were selected. SOS fusion was assessed on a mid-sagittal cut of the CBCT scans. CVM was evaluated on the lateral cephalograms as well as ANB and GoGn-SN angles. Spearman correlation test was used to assess the relationship between SOS and CVM. Fisher's exact test was performed at every CVM stage to analyse the association between SOS and other variables (gender, skeletal class, and vertical pattern). Cohen's kappa analysis was used for reliability., Results: A strong correlation was found between SOS maturation and CVM (r=0.852, P<001). Fisher's exact test indicated significant association only between gender and SOS in CVM stage 2 group, and between vertical pattern and SOS in CVM stage 4. Cohen's kappa analysis showed moderate inter and intra-rater reliability for CVM index (k=0.50 and 0.53 respectively, P<.001), strong inter-rater reliability (k=0.80, P<.001) and almost perfect intra-rater reliability (k=0.85, P<.001) for SOS index., Conclusions: SOS fusion correlates well with CVM and might be a reliable tool for skeletal maturation assessment. Girls seem to have an earlier fusion of SOS in relation to their respective CVM compared to boys, and the vertical pattern could influence the association between SOS and CVM stages., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The anteroposterior position of the maxillary incisors has been studied since the beginning of cephalometric research. Most reports of ideal position have been based on measurements made on subjects with Class I occlusion without consideration of other facial variables. However, the ideal position is reflected in the soft tissues by the position of the lips. The purpose of this study was to consider the position of the maxillary incisor relative to other factors, including the thickness of the upper lip, and to evaluate its most aesthetic position using profile photographs., Methods: The subjects in this study were 130 patients with Class I occlusion; their sex, age, thickness of the upper lip, and angular position of the maxillary incisor were recorded. From these 130 patients, 70 profile photographs that met the inclusion criteria were chosen for further evaluation. A survey was conducted among 60 lay people, 60 dentists, and 60 orthodontists. They were asked to classify the sets of photographs, from the most esthetic position of the upper lip to the least esthetic., Results: For patients with thin lips, raters tended to prefer a more protruded position of the incisor than normal or between 8.0 mm and 11.5 mm in front of the Na-B bone and 4 mm in front of the Na-A bone. For patients with thick lips, the position of the incisor did not affect the perception of the profile., Conclusions: A correct skeletal scheme or Class I occlusion does not necessarily result in ideal facial harmony. Therefore, it will be necessary to consider all the factors that come into play, especially the lips, which are a key element in facial esthetics., (Copyright © 2020 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The global bandwidth shortage in the wireless communication sector has motivated the study and exploration of wireless access technology known as massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO). Massive MIMO is one of the key enabling technology for next-generation networks, which groups together antennas at both transmitter and the receiver to provide high spectral and energy efficiency using relatively simple processing. Obtaining a better understating of the massive MIMO system to overcome the fundamental issues of this technology is vital for the successful deployment of 5G-and beyond-networks to realize various applications of the intelligent sensing system. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of the key enabling technologies required for 5G and 6G networks, highlighting the massive MIMO systems. We discuss all the fundamental challenges related to pilot contamination, channel estimation, precoding, user scheduling, energy efficiency, and signal detection in a massive MIMO system and discuss some state-of-the-art mitigation techniques. We outline recent trends such as terahertz communication, ultra massive MIMO (UM-MIMO), visible light communication (VLC), machine learning, and deep learning for massive MIMO systems. Additionally, we discuss crucial open research issues that direct future research in massive MIMO systems for 5G and beyond networks.

Introduction: The mouth plays an important role in the overall aesthetic appearance of the face. The aims of this study were to determine the optimal antero-posterior (AP) lip position relative to various rotations of the nasal tip and assess the impact of the nasolabial angle on facial aesthetics., Material and Methods: Three-dimensional facial volumes, in motion, of one Caucasian male and one Caucasian female with a Class I malocclusion and an orthognathic profile were modified to alter the nasal tip rotation (3 rotations) and the AP lips position (6 positions). 72 generated models were created in two and three-dimensions. Generated models were rated online by 60 dentists, 60 orthodontists and 60 laypeople, using a Visual Analogue Scale. Scores were analysed according to lip position, rater's profession and gender., Results: General agreement was found between all groups on the most and least preferred lip positions. No differences between male and female raters were found. All raters were more influenced by the 3-dimensional rotating facial volume than by 2-dimensional angles. Similar angular values for the nasolabial angles were found in the most and least preferred profiles, showing that the most influential factor in facial aesthetics was the lip position, and stressing the need to evaluate each component of the nasolabial angle independently., Conclusion: The lip position was the determinant factor in facial aesthetics with little influence of the nose tip rotation. Three-dimensional evaluation of the nose and lip were needed to establish a soft tissue-based treatment plan., (Copyright © 2019 CEO. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Aim: The purpose of this study is to estimate and compare the duration of the pubertal peak in skeletal class II and class I subjects and to detect any difference between boys and girls or between hypo-, normo-, and hyperdivergent subjects for skeletal maturation indicator (CVM) in white Caucasians., Materials and Methods: 346 subjects were selected from 3,119 examined files. Pretreatment lateral cephalometric records were hand-traced and divided following the anteroposterior skeletal relationship, the gender, the vertical pattern, and the skeletal maturation. The duration of the pubertal peak was calculated based on the chronological age interval according to each group. The age of onset of the active growth and the duration of the pubertal peak were compared between the different groups studied., Results: Pubertal peak had a mean duration of 13 months in skeletal class I subjects, 19 months in skeletal class II subjects, 15 months in girls, 20 months in boys, 13 months in normodivergent and hypodivergent subjects, whereas in hyperdivergent subjects, it lasted 18 months., Conclusion: The growth interval corresponding to the pubertal growth spurt (CS3-CS4) was (1) significant between skeletal class I and class II subjects, (2) longer in boys, and (3) longer in hyperdivergent subjects., Clinical Significance: Orthodontic treatments can start earlier for girls in class I or class II relationship and for hyperdivergent subjects as well. Furthermore, boys and subjects in class II skeletal relationship have a significantly longer duration of the pubertal peak and consequently a much efficient orthopedic and orthodontic treatment.

In the natural environment, insoluble biomatter provides a preeminent source of carbon for bacteria. Its degradation by microbial communities thus plays a major role in the global carbon-cycle. The prediction of degradation processes and their sensitivity to changes in environmental conditions can therefore provide critical insights into globally occurring environmental adaptations. To elucidate and quantify this macro-scale phenomenon, we conduct micro-scale experiments that examine the degradation of isolated biopolymer particles and observe highly nonlinear degradation kinetics. Since conventional scaling arguments fail to explain these observations, it is inferred that the coupled influence of both the physical and biochemical processes must be considered. Hence, we develop a theoretical model that accounts for the bio-chemo-mechanically coupled kinetics of polymer degradation, by considering the production of bio-degraders and their ability to both dissociate the material from its external boundaries and to penetrate it to degrade its internal mechanical properties. This change in mechanical properties combined with the intake of solvent or moisture from the environment leads to chemo-mechanically coupled swelling of the material and, in-turn, influences the degradation kinetics. We show that the model quantitatively captures our experimental results and reveals distinct signatures of different bacteria that are independent of the specific experimental conditions (i.e. particle volume and initial concentrations). Finally, after validating our model against the experimental data we extend our predictions for degradation processes across various length and time scales that are inaccessible in a laboratory setting.

Surface growth by association or dissociation of material on the boundary of a body is ubiquitous in both natural and engineering systems. It is the fundamental mechanism by which biological materials grow, starting from the level of a single cell, and is increasingly applied in engineering processes for fabrication and self-assembly. A significant challenge in modelling such processes arises due to the inherent coupled interaction between the growth kinetics, the local stresses and the diffusing constituents needed to sustain the growth. Moreover, the volume of the body changes not only due to surface growth but also by variation in solvent concentration within the bulk. In this paper, we present a general theoretical framework that captures these phenomena and describes the kinetics of surface growth while accounting for coupled diffusion. Then, by the combination of analytical and numerical tools, applied to a simple growth geometry, we show that the evolution of such growth processes tends towards a universal path that is independent of initial conditions. This path, on which surface growth and diffusion act harmoniously, can be extended to analytically portray the evolution of a body from inception up to a treadmilling state, in which addition and removal of material are balanced., Competing Interests: We declare that we have no competing interests.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to find a correlation between sella turcica bridging and the presence of a palatal impacted canine, using lateral cephalograms and CBCT., Material and Method: We selected the lateral cephalograms and CBCTs of 60 patients meeting specific criteria. The radiographs were analysed to study the relationship between sella turca bridging and several factors. The presence or absence of a partial or total bridging was deducted by measuring the dimensions of the sella turcica and by using an accurate scoring system., Results and Conclusion: Our study did not show any statistically significant association between sella turcica bridging as diagnosed on the lateral cephalogram and the CBCT images and the following factors: age, gender, facial type, skeletal class and the presence of an impacted canine. We found a significant difference for the classification of the sella turcica between these two radiographic methods., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

An adequate orthodontic preparation is a key to success of every orthognatic surgery. Therefore, the detection and the correction of the existing dentoalveolar compensation tend to favor the correction of the skeletal defects. The pre-surgical orthodontic goals have to be defined at the beginning of the treatment, thus, not always achieving a complete leveling of the arches, nor a final space closure and ideal intercuspation. The orthodontic preparation aims to guide the surgical skeletal displacements. Many dentoalveolar compensations can be identified as specific to different types of malocclusion. Accordingly, an adequate individualized planning and a good coordination between both orthodontist and surgeon, are of a major importance, in order to avoid unexpected traps during orthodontic pre-surgical preparation., (© EDP Sciences, SFODF, 2015.)