85 results on '"Akkaya, Levent"'
Search Results
2. K12 Beceriler Çerçevesi Türkiye Bütüncül Modeli Kapsamında Ortaöğretim Felsefe Grubu Alan Becerileri.
- Author
-
DUMAN, Ekrem Ziya, KADIOĞLU, Sibel, PARMAKSIZ, Mehmet, BULUT, Funda, AKMAN, Esra, ŞİŞMAN, Begüm, UYSAL, Gözde, AKKAYA, Levent, and ATEŞOCAK, Öznur
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of National Education / Millî Eğitim Dergisi is the property of Milli Egitim Bakanligi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. AKSARAY İLİNDE SÜTÜN KOOPERATİFLER ARACILIĞIYLA PAZARLANMA SÜRECİ
- Author
-
AKKAYA, LEVENT, primary and ÖZÇELİK, AHMET, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues in cow’s, buffalo’s, and sheep’s milk from Afyonkarahisar region, Turkey
- Author
-
Bulut, Sait, Akkaya, Levent, Gök, Veli, and Konuk, Muhsin
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Nitrate and nitrite levels in fruity and natural mineral waters marketed in western Turkey
- Author
-
Cemek, Mustafa, Akkaya, Levent, Birdane, Yavuz O., Seyrek, Kamil, Bulut, Sait, and Konuk, Muhsin
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Perfusion and functional anatomy of the splenic remnant supplied by short gastric vessels
- Author
-
Gurleyik, Emin, Gurleyik, Bingol, Joray, Akkaya, Levent, and Unalmiser, Selcuk
- Subjects
Spleen ,Health - Published
- 2000
7. Balıkesir’de satışa sunulan bazı tüketime hazır gıdalarda Salmonella spp. ve Listeria monocytogenes’in yaygınlığı
- Author
-
GÖKMEN, Mukadderat, AKKAYA, Levent, KARA, Recep, and ÖNEN, Adem
- Subjects
Tüketime hazır gıda,Listeria spp,L. monocytogenes,Salmonella spp ,Ready-to-eat foods,Listeria spp,L. monocytogenes,Salmonella spp - Abstract
In this study, some ready-to-eat foods (meat doner,chicken doner, fermented sausage (sucuk), braised meat, white pickled cheese,hoşmerim, halva, russian salad, vegetable salad) which presented for sale andconsumption in the supermarkets and restaurants in Balıkesir, were investigatedfor Listeria spp., L. monocytogenes, and Salmonella spp. Microbiological analyses of ready to eat sampleswere used conventional culture method. A total of 235 ready-to-eatfood samples, 22 isolates (9.4%) were identified as Listeria spp. and 5 isolates (2.1%) were identified as L. monocytogenes, and 3 isolates (1.3%)were identified as Salmonella spp. L. monocytogenes were detected in whitepickled cheese and vegatable salad samples and Salmonella spp. were detected in chicken doner, braised meat andhalva samples. As a result, the presence of pathogenic bacteria such as L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in ready-to-eat foods, constitutes a major risk interms of public health. Especially heat treatment should be adequate in theproduction step of these types of foods and post-processing contaminationshould be avoided. On the other hand, GMP, GHP and HACCP regulations should beimplemented in production, processing, packaging and storage stage., Bu çalışmada, Balıkesir’de marketlerde verestoranlarda satışa ve tüketime sunulan bazı tüketime hazır gıdalar (et döner,tavuk döner, fermente sucuk, kavurma, beyaz peynir, höşmerim, helva, russalatası, sebze salatası) Listeria spp.,L. monocytogenes ve Salmonella spp. yönünden araştırıldı.Tüketime hazır gıda örneklerinin mikrobiyolojik analizlerinde klasik kültürtekniği kullanıldı. Toplam 235 tüketime hazır gıda örneğinin 22’sinde (%9.4) Listeria spp. ve 5’inde (%2.1) L. monocytogenes ve 3’ünde (%1.3) Salmonella spp. saptandı. Beyaz peynir ve sebze salatası örneklerinde L. monocytogenes ve tavuk döner, kavurmave helva örneklerinde Salmonella spp.tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak tüketime hazır gıdalarda L. monocytogenes veSalmonella spp. gibi patojen bakterilerin bulunması halk sağlığı açısındanbüyük risk oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle bu tip gıdaların üretim basamaklarındauygulanan ısıl işlem yeterli olmalı ve proses sonrası kontaminasyondankaçınılmalıdır. Diğer yandan üretim, işleme, ambalajlama ve depolamaaşamalarında GMP, GHP ve HACCP kurallarına uyulmalıdır.
- Published
- 2016
8. Effect of olive leaf extract addition on S. typhimurium, E. coli O157 and S. aureus growth in meatballs
- Author
-
Gökmen, Mukadderat, Akkaya, Levent, Kara, Recep, Gök, Veli, Önen, Adem, Ektik, Nisanur, and Balıkesir Üniversitesi
- Subjects
S. Aureus ,Ready to Eat Meatballs ,Hazır Köfte ,E. Coli O157 ,Zeytin Yaprağı Ekstraktı ,S. Typhimurium ,Olive Leaves Extract ,Gıda Bilimi ve Teknolojisi - Abstract
Gökmen, Mukadderat (Balikesir Author), Bu çalışmada köftelere farklı oranlarda zeytin yaprağı ekstraktı (ZYE) ilavesinin S. typhimurium, E. coli O157 ve S. aureus'un gelişimi üzerine antimikrobiyal etkisi araştırılmıştır. Kontrol grubu köfte örneklerinde 3 log ve 6 log inokülasyon düzeylerindeki S. typhimurium, E. coli O157 ve S. aureus sayıları sırasıyla depolamanın 7nci günü sonunda 0.05-0.40, 0.15-0.20 ve 0.17-0.36 logaritmik birim aralığında artış tespit edilmiştir. Depolama periyodunun sonunda farklı oranlarda ZYE ilave edilen örneklerde ise 3 ve 6 log inokülasyon düzeylerinde S. typhimurium, E. coli O157 ve S. aureus sayıları sırasıyla 0.15-0.60, 0.23-0.25 ve 0.23-0.94 logaritmik birim aralığında azalış olduğu ve ZYE'nin antimikrobiyal etkisinin önemli düzeyde (p < 0.05) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak köftelere farklı oranlarda ZYE ilavesinin mikrobiyolojik kaliteyi iyileştirdiği, duyusal yönden herhangi bir olumsuzluk oluşturmadığı ve raf ömrü üzerinde olumlu yönde etki oluşturduğu saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, ZYE'nin köfte gibi gıdalarda antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal olarak kullanımı ile ilgili yeni çalışmaları teşvik edici bulgular ortaya koyulmuştur., In this study, the antimicrobial effect of olive leaf extract (OLE) addition on the growth of E.coli O157, S. typhimurium and S. aureus in ready to eat meatballs was determined. At the end of the 7 days of storage, the number of S. typhimurium, E.coli O157 and S. aureus, which was inoculated at 3 and 6-log levels, increased 0.05-0.40, 0.150.20 and 0.17-0.36 logarithmic units, respectively in comparison to control groups. At the end of the storage period, the number of S. typhimurium, E. coli O157 and S. aureus (3 and 6-log levels) in meatballs with OLE at different rates decreased 0.15-0.60, 0.23-0.25 and 0.23-0.94 logarithmic units, respectively. The antimicrobial effect of olive leaf extract was significant (p < 0.05) even at low rates of its use in meatballs. As a result, the addition of OLE at different rates to meatballs improved microbiological quality, did not cause any negative effect organoleptically and created a positive impact on shelf life. The results of this present study may offer a future insight into the use of OLE in foods as a source for an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.
- Published
- 2016
9. Determination Of Microbiological, Physico-chemical Properties and Distribution Of Lactic Acid Bacteria Of Afyon Tulum Cheese
- Author
-
KARA, Recep and AKKAYA, Levent
- Subjects
Cheese ,food and beverages ,Peynir,Afyon Tulum Peyniri,Laktik Asit Bakterileri - Abstract
In this study microbiological property, phisico-chemical properties and lactic acid bacteria of Afyon Tulum Cheese were investigated in Afyonkarahisar province. As a result number of total aerob mesophilic bacteria, Lactic acid bacteria in MRS Agar, Lactococcus spp., Enterobacteriacea, Coliform, E. coli, Enterococcus, Micrococcus/Staphylococcus, Yeast/Mold, Proteolitic bacteria, Lipholitic bacteria and Psicrofilic bacteria were determinate as 6.60, 6.36, 5.72, 2.19, 1.23, 0.65, 2.08, 2.91, 2.75, 2.55, 2.94 and 3.92 log10 cfu/g respectively. Lactic acid bacteria 53.01% Lactobacillus spp., 12.04% Lactococcus spp., 8.43% Leuconostoc spp., 1.20% Pediococcus spp. and 25.30% Enterococcus spp. were isolated in Afyon Tulum Cheese samples. Lactobacillus paracasei ssp paracasei (15.66%) was identified the highest percentage. Phisico-chemical properties dry matter (%), fat (%), protein (%), ash (%), salt (%) acidity (% LA), pH and aw values were found as 53.69%, 25.68%, 22.48%, 4.62%, 4.02%, 0.51% LA, 5.27 and 0.85 respectively. Consequently Afyon Tulum Cheese can be evaluated as a good source of nutrients according to finding of phisico-chemical analysis. Significant different were determinate between microbiological and physico-chemical properties of Afyon Tulum Cheese samples. This situation may have been to lack of standardization in process of production. Standardization of production, to modernize production, and making the hygienic conditions of production should be provided for providing a sampling and to enhance of the quality at production of Afyon Tulum Cheese. © Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Yapılan bu çalışmada Afyonkarahisar ilinde üretilen Afyon Tulum Peyniri’nin mikrobiyolojik ve fizikokimyasal özellikleri ile peynirde bulunan laktik asit bakterileri araştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; toplam aerob mezofilik bakteri, MRS Agarda üreyen Laktik asit bakterileri (LAB), Lactococcus spp., Enterobacteriacea, Koliform, E. coli, Enterokok, Mikrokok/Staphilokok, Maya/Küf, proteolitik bakteri, lipolitik bakteri ve psikrofilik bakteri bakteri sayıları oratama sırasıyla 6.60, 6.36, 5.72, 2.19, 1.23, 0.65, 2.08, 2.91, 2.75, 2.55, 2.94 ve 3.92 log kob/g olarak tespit edilmiştir. Afyon Tulum Peyniri örneklerinde %53,01 Lactobacillus spp., %12.04 Lactococcus spp., %8.43 Leuconostoc spp., %1.20 Pediococcus spp. ve %25.30 Enterococcus spp. izole edilmiş. En yüksek oranda %15.66’sı Lactobacillus paracasei ssp paracasei, identifiye edilmiştir. Fiziko-Kimyasal analizlerde kuru madde (%), Yağ (%), Protein (%), Kül (%), Tuz (%), Asitlik (% LA), pH ve aw değerleri sırasıyla ortalama 53.69, 25.68, 22.48, 4.62, 4.02, 0.51, 5.27 ve 0.85 olarak saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak kimyasal analiz bulgularına göre Afyon Tulum Peyniri iyi bir besin kaynağı olarak değerlendirilebilir. Analize alınan Afyon Tulum Peyniri örneklerinin mikrobiyolojik ve fiziko-kimyasal özellikleri arasında önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum üretiminde tam bir standardizasyonun olmamasından olabilir. Buna bağlı olarak Afyon Tulum Peynirinin üretiminde bir örnekliğinin sağlanması ve kalitesinin arttırılması için üretiminin standart ve hijyenik koşullarda yapılması, üretimin modernize edilerek standardizasyon sağlanması gerekmektedir
- Published
- 2015
10. Renal Sintigrafi ,le Asemptomatik Ektopik Yerleşimli Böbrek Vakası
- Author
-
AKKAYA, Levent, ESENTÜRK, Maksut, YİĞİTBAŞI, Ömer N., and BERKARDA, Şakir
- Published
- 2014
11. Non-Fonksiyonel Tiroid Nodüllü Hastaların Değerlendirilmesi
- Author
-
AKKAYA, Levent, ESENTÜRK, Maksut, ALİ, Rıdvan, and YİĞİTBAŞI, Ömer N.
- Published
- 2014
12. Afyonkarahisar'da Tüketime Sunulan Kremalı Pastalarda Listeria Türlerinin Varlığının Belirlenmesi
- Author
-
AKKAYA, Levent, ALİŞARLI, Mustafa, KARA, Recep, and TELLİ, Raziye
- Subjects
Kremalı pasta,Listeria spp.,Listeria monocytogenes - Abstract
Kremalı pastalarda Listeria türlerinin varlığının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmada, Afyonkarahisar şehir merkezindeki pastanelerden satın alınan 25 adet sade, 25 adet meyveli ve 25 adet çikolatalı olmak üzere toplam 75 adet kremalı pasta örneği analiz edilmiştir. Listeria türlerinin izolasyon ve identifikasyonunda Amerikan Gıda ve İlaç Dairesinin (Food and Drug Administiration/FDA) önerdiği metot kullanılmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışmada, incelenen toplam 75 kremalı pasta örneğinin 10’unda (% 13.33) Listeria spp., 5’inde (%6.66) L. monocytogenes, 8’inde (%10.66) L. innocula ve 3’ünde (%4) L. seeligeri identifiye edilmiştir. Sade kremalı pasta örneklerinin 3’ünde (%12) Listeria spp., 2’sinde (%8) L. monocytogenes, 1’inde (%4) L. innocula; meyveli kremalı pasta örneklerinin 5’inde (%20) Listeria spp., 3’ünde (%12) L. monocytogenes ve 2’sinde (%8) L. seeligeri; çikolatalı kremalı pasta örneklerinin 2’sinde (%8) Listeria spp., 1’inde (%4) L. innocula ve 1’inde (%4) L. seeligeri identifiye edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Afyonkarahisar’da tüketime sunulan kremalı pastalarda patojen olan L. monocytogenes ve Listeria türlerinin tespit edilmesi, bu ürünlerin halk sağlığı açısından risk oluşturabileceğini göstermektedir
- Published
- 2014
13. Afyonkarahisar'da Tüketime Sunulan Çiğ Süt ve Peynirlerde E. coli O157:H7 Varlığının Belirlenmesi
- Author
-
AKKAYA, Levent, ALİŞARLI, Mustafa, KARA, Recep, and TELLİ, Raziye
- Subjects
E. coli O157:H7,çiğ süt,peynir - Abstract
Bu çalışmada, Afyonkarahisar il merkezinde bulunan çeşitli bakkal ile marketlerden satın alınan 100 adet çiğ süt ve semt pazarlarından satın alınan 100 adet beyaz peynir örneğinde E. coli 0157:H7 varlığı ve yaygınlığı araştırılmıştır. E. coli O157:H7’nin izolasyon ve identifikasyonu’nda İmmuno Manyetik Separasyon (İMS) metodu ile Amerikan Gıda ve İlaç Dairesinin (Food and Drug Administiration/FDA) önerdiği metot kullanılmıştır. Analize alınan 100 adet çiğ süt örneğinden 3’ünde (%3) ve 100 adet peynir örneğinden 1’inde (%1) E. coli O157:H7 tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, çiğ süt ile beyaz peynirlerin E. coli O157:H7 ile bulaşmada kaynak olabileceği ve halk sağlığı açısından potansiyel bir tehdit oluşturabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır
- Published
- 2014
14. Afyonkarahisar'da Tüketime Sunulan Peynirlerde Listeria monocytogenes ve Salmonella spp. Varlığının Belirlenmesi
- Author
-
AKKAYA, Levent and ALİŞARLI, Mustafa
- Subjects
Peynir,Listeria monocytogenes,Salmonella spp - Abstract
Bu çalışmada, Afyonkarahisar il merkezinde bulunan semt pazarlarından satın alınan 100 adet beyaz peynir örneğinde Listeria monocytogenes ile Salmonella spp.’nin varlığı ve yaygınlığı araştırılmıştır. L. monocytogenes’in izolasyon ve identifikasyonunda Amerikan Gıda ve İlaç Dairesi’nin (Food and Drug Administiration/FDA), Salmonella spp.’nin izolasyon ve identifikasyonunda ise Uluslararası Standart Ofisi’nin (International Standart Office/ISO) önerdiği metotlar kullanılmıştır. Analize alınan 100 adet peynir örneğinden %6’sında (6/100) L. monocytogenes ve % 2’sinde (2/100) Salmonella spp. tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, Afyonkarahisar’da tüketime sunulan beyaz peynirlerin L. monocytogenes ile Salmonella spp. ile bulaşmada kaynak olabileceğini ve halk sağlığı açısından potansiyel bir tehdit oluşturabileceğini ortaya koymuştur
- Published
- 2014
15. Kortikal defektlerde kemik iyileşmesine serbest periost greftinin etkisi (Deneysel çalışma)
- Author
-
Saridogan, Kenan, Gurbuz, Hakan, Bilgi, Selcuk, and Akkaya, Levent
- Subjects
free periosteal grafts ,transplantation ,healing of cortical defects - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the osteochondrogenic potential of free periosteal grafts within the tibial defects in 14 adult rabbits. As a experimental group (Group 1) left tibiae and as a control group (Group 2) right tibiae were selected The periosteum was stripped from medial side of the both tibia and then with a 3.2 mm drill bit cortical defects were produced in the zone of free of periosteum Medullary canal and endosteum was also destroyed. Free periosteal grafts were only introduced through the defects on the left tibiae. The osteochondrogenic capability of free periosteal grafts were studied by bone scan, radiograms and by histological methods and also compared to control group After 8 weeks, healing with osseous tissue appeared in all the defects in Group 1 (100%), but only 40% in Group 2 These results revealed that, free periosteal grafts continue to accelerate the osteogenesis in cortical defects even in the disturbance of surrounding tissues such as periosteum, endosteum and medullary canac., Bu çalışmada, 14 erişkin tavşanın tibialarında serbest periost greftinin osteokondrogenik potansiyelini araştırmak amaçlandı. Sol tibialar deney (Grup 1), sağ tibialar kontrol grubu (Grup 2) olarak seçildi. Her iki tibianın medialinden periost sıyrıldı ve 3.2 mm'lik matkap ucuyla periostları alınmış bölgeye tek korteksi içeren bir defekt oluşturuldu. Medüllar kanal ve endosteum tahrip edildi. Serbest periost grefti sol tibialardaki defekflere yerleştirildi. Serbest periost greftlerinin osteokondrogenik kapasiteleri kemik sintigrafisi radyogram ve histolojik yöntemlerle incelendi ve kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldı. Kemik dokuyla iyileşme, Grup 1'de 8 haftalık deneklerin tümünde (%100) gerçekleşirken, Grup 2'de %40 oranında gerçekleşti. Bu bulgular, serbest periost greftinin, periosteum, endosteum ve medüller bölge gibi çevre dokuların harap edilmesine karşın kortikal defektlerde osteogenesisi hızlandırmaya devam ettiğini göstermektedir.
- Published
- 2014
16. Euroizasyonun cari işlemler açığı taşıma kapasitesine muhtemel etkileri
- Author
-
Akkaya, Levent, Toğay, Selahattin, and İktisat Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Current account deficit ,Turkey ,Economics ,Euro ,Euro markets ,European Union ,Ekonomi ,European Monetary Union - Abstract
Euro bölgesinin krize girmesi, euro‟nun geleceği hakkında senaryolar oluşturulmasına yol açarken, bir yandan da Türkiye gibi aday üye ülkelerin AB‟ye üye olması halinde euro‟ya geçip geçmemesinin tartışılmasına yol açmıştır. Çalışmada euro‟ya geçişin 2000‟li yıllarda Türkiye‟nin en büyük ekonomik problemlerinden biri haline gelen cari işlemler açığı sorununa etkileri araştırılmıŞtır. Bu çerçevede Türkiye‟nin AB‟ye üye olmasıyla birlikte yer alacağı orta büyüklükteki üye ülkeler grubunda yer alan ve euro kullanan ülkelerin, euro‟ya geçtikten sonra Cari Açık/GSYH oranında meydana gelen değişim ve cari açığın finansmanıyla ilintili olarak euro‟ya geçişin DYY ve portföy yatırımları üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmış ve bu doğrultuda Türkiye için birtakım tahminler ve öngörüler oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmada, euro‟ya geçtikten sonra belli ülkelerin çoğunda Cari Açık/GSYH oranının olumsuz etkilendiği tespit edilmiş ve bununla birlikte entegrasyonun cari açığın finansmanında en sağlıklı kalem olan DYY üzerindeki olumlu etkisinin euro‟ya geçişten değil AB üyeliğinden kaynaklanıyor olması, buna ilaveten portföy yatırımlarının euro‟ya geçişten sonraki yıllarda girişlerin çıkışları telafi ederek dengenin pozitif kalmasını sağlamasına rağmen son yıllarda girişlerin çıkışlara dayanamayacak hale gelmesi Türkiye‟nin euro‟ya geçmemesinin cari işlemler dengesi açısından daha rasyonel bir tercih olacağı sonucuna varmamızı sağlamıştır. As the euro region experienced a crisis, this has led to the generation of scenarios about the future of euro, and at the same time it has led to the discussion whether the candidate countries like Turkey should switch to euro in case they become EU member. In the study, the effects on the problem of current account deficit, which has become one of the greatest economic problems of Turkey in switching to euro during 2000s, was investigated. In this context, after the countries in the group of middle sized countries and using euro and in which Turkey will be situated, switch to euro, the effects of switching to euro on FDI and portfolio investments, regarding the change created in Current Account Deficit/ GDP ratio and current account financing, were investigated, and accordingly some estimations and suggestions for Turkey were established. In the study, it was determined that Current Account Deficit/ GDP ratio in most of the countries were adversely affected after switching to euro and at the same deficit of integration, from EU membership rather than switching to euro. In addition, although the portfolio investments enabled the balance to be positive by entries compensating rises during the years after having switched to euro, in the recent years the entries have become not to resist rises, and it has led us to reach the conclusion that it would be a more rational preference that Turkey does not switch to euro with regards to current account balance. 132
- Published
- 2014
17. Identification of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceae at Turkish sucuk
- Author
-
Gökmen, Mukadderat, Kara, Recep, Akkaya, Levent, and Gök, Veli
- Subjects
Enterobacteriaceae,Staphylococcaceae,Türk Sucuğu,sucuk ,Enterobacteriaceae,Staphylococcaceae,Turkish sausage,sucuk - Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Afyonkarahisar’da beş farklı işletmede üretilen Türk sucuğu örneklerinde Enterobacteriaceae ve Staphylococcaceae familyalarına ait türlerin identifikasyonu yapıldı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Materyal olarak Afyonkarahisar'ın beş farklı bölgesinde üretilen Türk fermente sucukları kullanıldı. Enterobacteriaceae sayımı için Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar ve (ISO 21528-2 2004), Staphylococcaceae sayımı için Baird Parker Agar (FDA BAM 2001) kullanıldı. Enterobacteriaceae tür düzeyinde API-20E test kiti (bioMérieux Inc API- 20 E 2006) ile Staphylococcaceae tür düzeyinde API-Staph test kiti (bioMérieux Inc API-Staph 2009) ile identifikasyonu yapıldı.Bulgular:Enterobacteriaceae türlerinin izolasyon ve idetifikasyonu yapıldı. Araştırmada 90 Sta phylococcus izolatı Türk sucuklarından izole edildi. İzole edilen Staphylococcaceae izolatları S. aureus (%12.94), S. epidermidis (%15.29), S. simulans (%12.94) ve S. carnosus (%11.76) olarak identifiye edildi. İzole edilen Enterobacteriaceae izolatları ise Citrobacter diversus (%5.96), Enterobacter sazazaki (%11.91), Enterobacter gergoviae (%17.87), Klepsiella ozaerae (%6.38), Salmonella arizonae (%6.38), Salmonella spp (%8.94), Escherichia coli (%8.94), Serratia marcescens (%6.81), Serratia liquefaciens (%6.38) ve Yersinia enterocolitica (%4.26) olarak identifiye edildi. Öneri: Türk sucuklarında Staphylococcaceae familyasına ait starter kültür olarak kullanılabilecek S. simulans ilk defa tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca Türk sucuklarında tespit edilen Staphylococcaceae ve Enterobacteriaceae familyasına ait patojen bakteri türlerinin gıda güvenliği ve halk sağlığı açısından risk taşıdığını göstermektedir., Aim: In this study, the species from Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceae families have been identified in Turkish fermented sausages samples of five different corporations which are produced in Afyonkarahisar.Materials and Methods: Turkish fermented sausages of five different corporations which are produced in Afyonkarahisar were used as the material. In order for the calculation of Enterobacteriaceae, inoculation was made into Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar medium (ISO 21528-2 2004) and for the calculation of Staphylococcaceae Baird Parker Agar medium (FDA BAM, 2001) was used. Enterobacteriaceae were identified at species level with API- 20 E test kit (bioMérieux Inc API-20 E 2006). Staphylococcaceae were identified with APIStaph test kit (bioMérieux Inc API-Staph 2009).Results: Isolation and identification of Staphylococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae species in Turkish sausage flora were done. 90 Staphylococcus isolates were derived from the Turkish sausage samples in the research. S. aureus (12.94%), S. epidermidis (15.29%), S. simulans (12.94%) and S. carnosus (11.76%) from Staphylococcaceae family have been identified. 235 Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Turkish sausage samples were identified at the species level as Citrobacter diversus (5.96%), Enterobacter sazazaki (11.91%), Enterobacter gergoviae (17.87%), Klepsiella ozaerae (6.38%), Salmonella arizonae (6.38%), Salmonella spp. (8.94%), Escherichia coli (8.94%), Serratia marcescens (6.81%), Serratia liquefaciens (6.38%) and Yersinia enterocolitica (4.26%). Conclusion: S. simulans from Staphylococcaceae family which can be used as a starter culture has been found in Turkish sausages for the first time. Pathogenic bacterium species from Staphylococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae families determined in Turkish sausages indicate a risk for food safety and public health.
- Published
- 2013
18. Türk sucuğunda Enterobacteriaceae ve Staphylococcaceae identifikasyonu
- Author
-
Gökmen, Mukadderat, Kara, Recep, Akkaya, Levent, Gök, Veli, Veteriner Fakültesi, and Başka Kurum
- Subjects
Enterobacteriaceae ,Sucuk ,Turkish Sausage ,Veterinerlik ,Türk Sucuğu ,Staphylococcaceae - Abstract
Gökmen, Mukadderat (Balikesir Author), Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Afyonkarahisar'da beş farklı işletmede üretilen Türk sucuğu örneklerinde Enterobacteriaceae ve Staphylococcaceae familyalarına ait türlerin identifikasyonu yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Materyal olarak Afyonkarahisar'ın beş farklı bölgesinde üretilen Türk fermente sucukları kullanıldı. Enterobacteriaceae sayımı için Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar ve (ISO 21528-2 2004), Staphylococcaceae sayımı için Baird Parker Agar (FDA BAM 2001) kullanıldı. Enterobacteriaceae tür düzeyinde API-20E test kiti (bioMérieux Inc API- 20 E 2006) ile Staphylococcaceae tür düzeyinde API-Staph test kiti (bioMérieux Inc API-Staph 2009) ile identifikasyonu yapıldı. Bulgular: Türk sucuklarında Staphylococcaceae ve Enterobacteriaceae türlerinin izolasyon ve idetifikasyonu yapıldı. Araştırmada 90 Staphylococcus izolatı Türk sucuklarından izole edildi. İzole edilen Staphylococcaceae izolatları S. aureus (%12.94), S. epidermidis (%15.29), S. simulans (%12.94) ve S. carnosus (%11.76) olarak identifiye edildi. İzole edilen Enterobacteriaceae izolatları ise Citrobacter diversus (%5.96), Enterobacter sazazaki (%11.91), Enterobacter gergoviae (%17.87), Klepsiella ozaerae (%6.38), Salmonella arizonae (%6.38), Salmonella spp (%8.94), Escherichia coli (%8.94), Serratia marcescens (%6.81), Serratia liquefaciens (%6.38) ve Yersinia enterocolitica (%4.26) olarak identifiye edildi. Öneri: Türk sucuklarında Staphylococcaceae familyasına ait starter kültür olarak kullanılabilecek S. simulans ilk defa tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca Türk sucuklarında tespit edilen Staphylococcaceae ve Enterobacteriaceae familyasına ait patojen bakteri türlerinin gıda güvenliği ve halk sağlığı açısından risk taşıdığını göstermektedir., Aim: In this study, the species from Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceae families have been identified in Turkish fermented sausages samples of five different corporations which are produced in Afyonkarahisar. Materials and Methods: Turkish fermented sausages of five different corporations which are produced in Afyonkarahisar were used as the material. In order for the calculation of Enterobacteriaceae, inoculation was made into Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar medium (ISO 21528-2 2004) and for the calculation of Staphylococcaceae Baird Parker Agar medium (FDA BAM, 2001) was used. Enterobacteriaceae were identified at species level with API- 20 E test kit (bioMérieux Inc API-20 E 2006). Staphylococcaceae were identified with APIStaph test kit (bioMérieux Inc API-Staph 2009). Results: Isolation and identification of Staphylococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae species in Turkish sausage flora were done. 90 Staphylococcus isolates were derived from the Turkish sausage samples in the research. S. aureus (12.94%), S. epidermidis (15.29%), S. simulans (12.94%) and S. carnosus (11.76%) from Staphylococcaceae family have been identified. 235 Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Turkish sausage samples were identified at the species level as Citrobacter diversus (5.96%), Enterobacter sazazaki (11.91%), Enterobacter gergoviae (17.87%), Klepsiella ozaerae (6.38%), Salmonella arizonae (6.38%), Salmonella spp. (8.94%), Escherichia coli (8.94%), Serratia marcescens (6.81%), Serratia liquefaciens (6.38%) and Yersinia enterocolitica (4.26%). Conclusion: S. simulans from Staphylococcaceae family which can be used as a starter culture has been found in Turkish sausages for the first time. Pathogenic bacterium species from Staphylococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae families determined in Turkish sausages indicate a risk for food safety and public health.
- Published
- 2013
19. Afyonkarahisar ilindeki yenebilir sakatatlarda Salmonella'nın prevalansı
- Author
-
Akkaya, Levent, Atabay, Halil İbrahim, Gök, Veli, Yaman, Hilmi, Atabay, Halil İbrahim, and Izmir Institute of Technology. Food Engineering
- Subjects
IMS ,Edible offal ,Salmonella ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Abattoir ,Butcher - Abstract
In this study, the prevalence of Salmonella sp. was examined using a total of 205 edible bovine offal samples collected from different abattoirs (n=105) and butcheries (n=100) by immunomagnetic separation (IMS) method. The isolation rate of Salmonella was found to be 8.57%, 5.71% and 5.71% for the liver, kidney and tripe samples collected from the abattoir, respectively. Of the offal samples obtained from the butcheries, the detection rate of Salmonella sp. was 16% in the liver and 4% in the kidney, tripe and brain samples. Overall, it was found that 8.29% of all the offal samples obtained from the abattoirs and butcheries were determined to be contaminated with Salmonella sp. The results of this study shows that edible offal are cross-contaminated by Salmonella sp. at the abattoirs and retail sale points until they reach to the consumer. It is recommended that adequate hygienic and sanitary measures be taken in these kind of places in order to protect public health., Bu çalışmada, farklı kesimhane (105 adet) ve kasaplardan (100 adet) temin edilen toplam 205 adet yenebilir sakatat örneği, Salmonella türlerinin prevalansını belirlemek amacıyla imunnunmanyetik ayırma tekniği (IMS) kullanılarak incelendi. Salmonella izolasyon oranı kesimhaneden alınan karaciğer, böbrek ve işkembe örnekleri için sırasiıla %8.57, %5.71 ve %5.71 olarak saptandı. Kasaplardan temin edilen sakatat örneklerinde ise Salmonella saptama oranı karaciğerde %16, böbrek, işkembe ve beyin örneklerinde ise sırasıyla %4 olarak belirlendi. Genel olarak, bu çalışma kapsamında kesimhane ve kasaplardan temin edilen tüm sakatat örneklerinin %8.29 oranında Salmonella ile kontamine olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, yenebilir sakatatların tüketiciye ulaşıncaya kadar kesimhane ve perakende satış noktalarında Salmonella ile çarpraz kontaminasyona maruz kaldığını göstermektedir. Halk sağlığını korumak amacıyla bu gibi yerlerde yeterli hijyen ve sıhhi önlemlerinin alınması tavsiye olunur.
- Published
- 2012
20. Microbiological quality of cig kofte samples sold in Afyonkarahisar
- Author
-
Aslan, Savaş, Kara, Recep, Akkaya, Levent, Yaman, Hilmi, and Veteriner Fakültesi
- Subjects
Gıda Hijyeni ,Food Hygiene ,Microbiological Quality ,Raw Meat Ball ,Çiğ köfte ,Mikrobiyolojik Kalite ,Gıda Bilimi ve Teknolojisi - Abstract
Akkaya, Levent (Balikesir Author), Çiğ köfte ülkemizde günlük olarak üretilen ve severek tüketilen geleneksel bir üründür. Yapılan bu çalışma, Afyonkarahisar'ın tüketimine sunulan çiğ köftelerin mikrobiyolojik kalitesini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmış ve 50 adet çiğ köfte numunesi çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Çiğ köfte numuneleri toplam mezofilik aerob bakteri (TMAB), toplam psikrofilik aerop bakteri (TPAB), Enterobacteriaceae, koliform, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp. (LLP), Lactococcus spp., Staphilococcus/Micrococcus, koagulaz (+) Staphylococcus, küf/maya yönünden analize alınmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, sırasıyla log10 5.93, 4.54, 2.14, 2.06, 1.60, 3.95, 5.78, 5.61, 4.59, 0.34, 5.38 kob/g seviyelerinde tespit edilmiştir. Tüketime sunulan çiğ köfte örneklerinin mikrobiyolojik kalitelerinin düşük olduğu, değişik düzeylerde istenilmeyen mikroorganizmalarla kontamine olduğu ve halk sağlığı açısından potansiyel bir risk oluşturabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır., Cig kofte is a popular traditional snack produced and consumed daily in Turkey. This study aimed to determine the microbiological quality of cig kofte samples sold in Afyonkarahisar, and 50 different samples were included in the study. The average logarithmic counts of the total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), total acidophilic aerobic bacteria (TPAB), Enterobacteriaceae, Coliform, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp. (LLP),Lactococcus spp., Staphilococcus/Micrococcus, coagulase (+) Staphylococcus and yeast/mould in cig kofte samples were 5.93, 4.54, 2.14, 2.06, 1.60, 3.95, 5.78, 5.61, 4.59, 0.34 and 5.38 cfu/g, respectively. The results indicated that the microbiological quality of cig kofte samples is low, and they were contaminated with the undesirable microorganisms at different levels. In conclusion, the consumption of the cig kofte samples has a potential risk for the public health.
- Published
- 2012
21. nvestigation of Some Characteristics Properties of Sucuk (Turkish Dry-Fermented Sausage) Produced With Different Proportion Buffalo Meat during the Ripening and Storage
- Author
-
KARA, Recep, AKKAYA, Levent, GÖK, Veli, GÜRLER, Zeki, MÜDÜROĞLU, Raziye, and Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi Besin/ Gıda Hijyeni ve Teknolojisi Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Sığır Eti ,Manda Eti ,Sucuk Vakum Paketleme - Abstract
Yapılan bu çalışmada, farklı oranlarda (A: %100 sığır eti, B: %75 sığır + %25 manda eti, C: %50 sığır + %50 manda eti ve D: %100 manda eti) manda eti kullanılarak sucuk üretilmiştir. Olgunlaştırma süresi sonunda sucuk örnekleri vakum paketleme yöntemi ile +4 °C’de 90 gün depolanmıştır. Olgunlaşma ve depolama süresi boyunca sucuk örneklerinin fizikokimyasal, mikrobiyolojik ve duyusal özellikleri incelenmiştir. Olgunlaştırma sonunda manda eti kullanılarak üretilen sucukların duyusal açıdan diğer sucuk örneklerine kıyasla daha fazla beğenildiği ve sucuk örneklerinin vakum paketleme ile raf ömrünü uzadığı tespit edilmiştir. In this study sucuk samples were produced different proportion (A: 100% beef, B: 75% beef + 25% buffalo meat, C: 50% beef + 50% buffalo meat and D: 100% buffalo meat) sucuk using buffalo meat. At the end of the ripening, samples were kept 90 days in the +4 °C at vacuum packaging. Sucuk samples were analysed of physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory properties during ripening and storage. At the end of the ripening of sensory point of sucuk produced using buffalo meat the more appreciated than the other sucuk samples and sucuk samples were determined extended of shelf life with vacuum packaging.
- Published
- 2012
22. Detection of Listeria species in fresh fish and fish market environment by IMS technique in Turkey
- Author
-
Akkaya, Levent, Atabay, Halil İbrahim, Gök, Veli, Kara, Recep, Atabay, Halil İbrahim, and Izmir Institute of Technology. Food Engineering
- Subjects
Listeria spp ,L. Monocytogenes ,Immunomagnetic separation - Abstract
The incidence of Listeria spp. was investigated in fresh fish (n = 100) sold at retail markets and in the environmental and personnel samples (n = 100) obtained from several fish markets in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey by immunomagnetic separation technique. The fish samples analysed included anchovy, trout, carp and grey mullet (25 of each). Six (6 %) of the fish samples were found positive for Listeria spp. and the overall incidence of Listeria spp. was 10 % in the environmental and personnel samples. Three Listeria spp., Listeria monocytogenes, L. ivanovii, L. grayi were recovered from the samples examined. In addition, L. seeligeri from a fish sample and L. innocua from an environmental sample (box) were isolated. It was found that L. monocytogenes was only detected in fresh water fish with an incidence of 8 %. For the environmental samples, knives and refrigerators had the highest (20 %) and personnel samples had the least (5%) levels of contamination. It can be concluded that the fish sold at retail markets are moderately contaminated with various species of Listeria including L. monocytogenes, which may pose a risk for human health. The presence of these bacteria in environmental and personnel samples of fish markets is also an important possible sources of cross-contamination of the fish and other seafood. The results of this study indicate the necessity of the implementation of good hygiene and sanitary practices in order to prevent and/or reduce the contamination of fishery products by Listeria spp. at the retail level.
- Published
- 2011
23. Microbiological Quality and Salmonella spp., /Listeria monocytogenes of Spices in Turkey
- Author
-
Kara, Recep, primary, Gokmen, Mukadderat, additional, Akkaya, Levent, additional, and Gok, Veli, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Determination of Microbiological, Physico-Chemical Properties and Distribution of Lactic Acid Bacteria of Afyon Tulum Cheese
- Author
-
KARA, Recep, primary and AKKAYA, Levent, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Growth abilities and enterotoxin production of Staphylococcus aureus strains in herby cheese
- Author
-
Sancak, Yakup Can and AKKAYA, Levent
- Subjects
food and beverages - Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus reference strains, producing A, B, C, and D enterotoxins, were individually or as mixture inoculated at the rate of 10(5) cfu/mL into 10 herby cheese samples, experimentally produced from pasteurised or raw milk. The growth rates and enterotoxin production abilities of the strains were examined during the 90 d ripening period. During the ripening, S. aureus, aerobic mesophilic and lactic acid bacteria, a(w), pH, acidity, salt levels, and A, 13, C, and D enterotoxins were examined at 11 different periods. The level of S. aureus in cheese samples produced from pasteurised milk decreased regularly after 15 d, and on the 90(th) d was reduced to log 2 cfu/g. In cheese made from raw milk, the S. aureus levels at the beginning of the ripening period increased up to 107 cfu/g, and then decreased to the starting level on the 90(th) d of the ripening. Throughout the ripening period, enterotoxin A was observed in the curd stage in pasteurised cheese samples inoculated individually with toxin A producing strain. Enterotoxins A, B, C, and D were observed on the third day in pasteurised mixed cheese inoculated with the mixture of S. aureus strains. Enterotoxin C was observed in cheese inoculated with toxin C producing strain on the 15(th) d. No enterotoxin was observed in cheese samples made from the raw milk during the processing until the end of the ripening period, and the pH levels did not drop compared to those of pasteurised cheeses.
- Published
- 2007
26. Prevalence of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 : H7 on chicken carcasses sold in turkey
- Author
-
Akkaya, Levent, Atabay, Halil Ibrahim, Kenar, Beytullah, and Alisarli, Mustafa
- Subjects
fluids and secretions ,food and beverages - Abstract
The prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:117 was investigated on samples of various portions of 190 chicken carcasses, obtained from local retail markets and poultry shops in Turkey. Immunomagnetic separation methods Was used to isolate E. coli O157:H7 from the samples. Verotoxin 1 (VT1) and verotoxin 2 (VT2) productions by the isolated E. coli strains was also investigated. E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from two (1.05%) of the 190 samples of poultry meat examined. All the strains isolated produced both VT1 and VT2. These findings indicate that poultry meat can also be a source of E. coli O157:H7 infections for humans. Appropriate control measures should. be developed and implemented to eliminate this human pathogen front foods of animal origin, including poultry, in order to protect human health.
- Published
- 2006
27. Behavior of Brucella Abortus and Brucella Melitensis in Afyon Tulum Cheese
- Author
-
Kara, Recep, primary and Akkaya, Levent, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Effects of blade tenderization, aging method and aging time on meat quality characteristics of Longissimus lumborum steaks from cull Holstein cows
- Author
-
Obuz, Ersel, primary, Akkaya, Levent, additional, Gök, Veli, additional, and Dikeman, Michael E., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Otlu Peynirlerde Enterotoksijenik Staphylococcus aureus Suşları ve Enterotoksin Varlığı Üzerine Bir Araştırma
- Author
-
Akkaya, Levent, ALISARLI, M, and Sancak, Yakup Can
- Published
- 2003
30. Van'da Tüketime Sunulan Kahvaltılık Tereyağlarının Mikrobiyolojik ve Kimyasal Nitelikleri
- Author
-
Sancak, Yakup Can, Alişarlı, Mustafa, Akkaya, Levent, İşleyici, Özgür, and Elibol, Cihangir
- Published
- 2002
31. Otlu peynirelerde enterotoksijenik staphylococcus aureus suşlarının üreme ve enterotoksin oluşturma yetenekleri
- Author
-
Akkaya, Levent, Sancak, Yakup Can, and Besin Hijyeni ve Teknolojisi Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Veterinary Medicine ,Veteriner Hekimliği ,Food Hygiene and Technology ,Besin Hijyeni ve Teknolojisi - Abstract
Otlu Peynirlerde Enterotoksijenik Staphylococcus aureus Suşlarının Üreme ve Enterotoksin Oluşturma Yetenekleri, Y.Y.Ü. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Van, 2001 Bu çalışmada, pastörize ve çiğ sütlerden deneysel olarak yapılan otlu peynirlere A, B, C ve D tipi toksin oluşturan S. aureus referans suşları (SEA 10652 FDA 196 E, SEB 10654 FDA 243, SEC 10655 137, SED 10656 494) ayrı ayrı ve eşit oranlarda karıştırılıp 105 kob/ml düzeyinde inokule edilerek 10 adet deneme peyniri yapılmış ve enterotoksijenik S. aureus suşlarının 90 günlük olgunlaşma periyodunda üreme ve enterotoksin oluşturma yetenekleri incelenmiştir. Üretimde kullanılacak sütten başlamak üzere 90 günlük olgunlaşma periyodunda 1 1 farklı dönemde pastörize sütten yapılan peynirlerde S. aureus, aerobik mezofıl canlı, laktik asit bakterileri, aw, pH, asitlik, tuz miktarı ve A, B, C, D tipi enterotoksin tayinleri, çiğ sütten yapılan peynirlerde ise bunlara ilave olarak maya-küf ve enterobakteri sayımları yapıldı. S. aureus sayımı için, örneklerden yayma metodu ile Baird-Parker Agar'a ekim yapıldı ve gelişen tipik kolonilerden katalaz (+) olanlara Staphytec Plus testi uygulandı. Enterotoksin tip tayini ise SET-RPLA test kiti kullanarak belirlendi. Pastörize sütten yapılan otlu peynirlerde 15. günden sonra S. aureus sayısı düzenli olarak azalmış ve 90. günde log 2' 1er seviyesine düşmüştür. Çiğ sütlerden yapılanlarda ise olgunlaşmanın başlarında 107 kob/gr seviyelerine kadar çıkmış daha sonra azalarak 90. günde başlangıç seviyesine düşmüştür. Yapılan çalışmada 90 günlük olgunlaştırma periyodu boyunca pastörize sütten yapılan otlu peynirlerden PA peynirinde; pıhtı aşamasında enterotoksin A,PM peynirinde; 3. günde enterotoksin A, B, C, D ve PC peynirinde; 15. günde enterotoksin C tespit edilmiş ve olgunlaşma periyodunun sonuna kadar bütün deneysel uygulama aşamalarında bu toksinler belirlenmiştir. Çiğ sütten yapılan otlu peynirlerde ise S. aureus sayısı 107 kob/gr seviyesine çıkmasına rağmen olgunlaşma periyodunun sonuna kadar hiç bir deneysel uygulama aşamasında toksin oluşumuna rastlanmamıştır. Çiğ sütlerden yapılan otlu peynirlerde enterotoksin tespit edilememesi yüksek sayıda rekabetçi mikrofloranın bulunmasından, pastörize sütlerden yapılan otlu peynirlerde enterotoksin oluşumu ise, başlangıç inokulasyon seviyesinin yüksek olmasından ve pastörize sütteki yarışmacı mikrofloranın inhibe edilmesiyle enterotoksin oluşumunun baskılanamamasından kaynaklanmış olabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır. Pastörize sütlerden yapılan otlu peynirlere starter kültür katılması, S. aureus' un enterotoksin oluşumunu engelleyememiş, sadece olgunlaşmanın sonlarına doğru sayısını düşürebilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, pastörizasyon işlemi ile mikroflorası elimine edilmiş ve daha sonra enterotoksijenik S. aureus ile kontamine olmuş sütten yapılan peynirlerin, stafilokokal intoksikasyon yönüyle halk sağlığı açısından potansiyel bir risk oluşturabileceği görülmüştür. Bundan dolayı, personel ve işletme hijyenine önem verilmesinin ve özellikle pastörizasyon sonrası kontaminasyonların önlenebilmesi için ciddi bir kontrol sisteminin zorunlu olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Enterotoksin oluşumu, Otlu peynir, S. aureus, Olgunlaşma periyodu In Herby Cheese The Ability of Growth and Enterotoksin Production of Staphylococcus aureus Strains, Y.Y.Ü. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ph.D. Thesis, Van, 2001 In this study, S. aureus refarence strains (SEA 10652 FDA 196 E, SEB 10654 FDA 243, SEC 10655 137, SED 10656 494) forming A, B, C and D type toxins were inoculated separately and equally at the rate of 105 cfu/ml to herby cheese experimentally obtained from pasteurized and raw milk and thereby 10 cheese samples were made, The growth rate and ability of producing enterotoxin during the 90 days of ripening period were investigated. During the 90 days of ripening, including raw milk, S. aureus, aerobic mesophilic count, lactic acid bacteria, aw, pH, acidity, salt levels and A, B, C, D type enterotoxin presence were investigated in cheese samples made from pasteurised milk at 1 1 different periods. As to the cheese samples made from raw milk, in addition to above analyses, yeast-mould and enterobacter counting were performed. For S. aureus counting, samples were fixed to Baird-Parker Agar using spreading method and Staphytec Plus Test was applied to catalyse (+) ones off the typical colonies grown. To identify enterotoxin type SET RPLA Test kits were used. The level of S. aureus in herby cheese samples made from pasteurised milk regularly decreased after 15 days, and on the 90 th. day reduced to log 2 cfu/gr. In cheese samples made from raw milk, at the beginning of ripening period, it increased up to 107 cfu/ gr, and then on 90 th. day decreased to the beginning level. In this study, throughout 90 days of ripening period, off the cheese samples, in PA cheese samples, enterotoxin was seen in the curd stage, in PM cheese, on the third day, enterotoxin A, B,C, D and in PC cheese enterotoxin C was seen on 15 th. day. And all these toxins were observed during all processing steps, until the end of ripening period. No enterotoxin was seen in the processing steps until the end of ripening period in the cheese samples made from raw milk and pH did not drop compared to that of pasteurised cheeses. Therefore, the level of S. aureus only dropped to about log 5-6 cfu/gr. Starter culture addition into herby cheese made from pasteurised milk did not prevent enterotoxin production, only reduced the number towards the end of ripening period. The absence of enterotoxin in herby cheese made of raw milk was probably due to the presence of competitive microflora in high numbers, and the formation of enterotoxin in cheese made of pasteurised milk was likely due to the high level of starter inoculation and the inhibitation of competitive microflora in pasteurised milk. As a result, the cheese samples made from the pasteurised milk without microflora and later contaminated with enterotoksigenic S. aureus has a potential risk of staphylococcal intoxication. It was concluded that there must a strict control over the personnel hygiene and plant sanitation in order to prevent post-pasteurisation contamination. Key Word: Enterotoxin production, Herby cheese, S. aureus, Ripening period 102
- Published
- 2001
32. Bazi Sütlü Gidalarda Staphylococcus aureus' un Izolasyonu, Termonükleaz Aktivitesi ve Enterotoksijenik Özelliklerinin Araştirilmasi
- Author
-
AKKAYA, LEVENT, Elibol, Cihangir, Mustafa, Alişarlı, and Sancak, Yakup Can
- Published
- 2000
33. Kremalı Pastalarda Enterotoksin Oluşturan S. aureus Suşlarının Çoğalma ve Enterotoksin Oluşturma Özellikleri Üzerine Etki Yapan Faktörler
- Author
-
Akkaya, Levent, Alemdar, Süleyman, Sağun, Emrullah, and Alişarlı, Mustafa
- Published
- 2000
34. EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN OLIVE (OLEA EUROPAEA) LEAF EXTRACT
- Author
-
Gökmen, Mukadderat, primary, Kara, Recep, additional, Akkaya, Levent, additional, Torlak, Emrah, additional, and Önen, Adem, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The effect of nisin onListeria monocytogenesin chicken burgers
- Author
-
Kara, Recep, primary, Yaman, Hilmi, additional, Gök, Veli, additional, and Akkaya, Levent, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Enterotoxin production byStaphylococcus aureus(A, B, C, D) during the ripening of sucuk (Turkish dry-fermented sausage)
- Author
-
Akkaya, Levent, primary, Gök, Veli, additional, Kara, Recep, additional, and Yaman, Hilmi, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Determi nation of Microbiological Quality of Kokorec Samples Consumed in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
- Author
-
KARA, Recep, primary, ASLAN, Savaş, additional, YAMAN, Hilmi, additional, and AKKAYA, Levent, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Effects of dry, vacuum, and special bag aging; USDA quality grade; and end-point temperature on yields and eating quality of beef Longissimus lumborum steaks
- Author
-
Dikeman, Michael E., primary, Obuz, Ersel, additional, Gök, Veli, additional, Akkaya, Levent, additional, and Stroda, Sally, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Prevalence of Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes in some ready to eat foods sold retail in Balıkesir.
- Author
-
GOKMEN, Mukadderat, AKKAYA, Levent, KARA, Recep, and ONEN, Adem
- Subjects
- *
SALMONELLA typhi , *LISTERIA monocytogenes , *CONVENIENCE foods , *SUPERMARKETS , *PATHOGENIC bacteria , *PREVENTION - Abstract
In this study, some ready-to-eat foods (meat doner, chicken doner, fermented sausage (sucuk), braised meat, white pickled cheese, hoşmerim, halva, russian salad, vegetable salad) which presented for sale and consumption in the supermarkets and restaurants in Balıkesir, were investigated for Listeria spp., L. monocytogenes, and Salmonella spp. Microbiological analyses of ready to eat samples were used conventional culture method. A total of 235 ready-to-eat food samples, 22 isolates (9.4%) were identified as Listeria spp. and 5 isolates (2.1%) were identified as L. monocytogenes, and 3 isolates (1.3%) were identified as Salmonella spp. L. monocytogenes were detected in white pickled cheese and vegatable salad samples and Salmonella spp. were detected in chicken doner, braised meat and halva samples. As a result, the presence of pathogenic bacteria such as L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in ready-to-eat foods, constitutes a major risk in terms of public health. Especially heat treatment should be adequate in the production step of these types of foods and post-processing contamination should be avoided. On the other hand, GMP, GHP and HACCP regulations should be implemented in production, processing, packaging and storage stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
40. Behavior of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in Raw Meatball (Cig Kofte)
- Author
-
Kara, Recep, primary, Gök, Veli, additional, Kenar, Beytullah, additional, and Akkaya, Levent, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Prevalence of Salmonella in Edible Offal in Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey
- Author
-
ATABAY, Halil İbrahim, primary, AKKAYA, Levent, additional, GÖK, Veli, additional, and YAMAN, Hilmi, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Effect of ground poppy seed as a fat replacer on meat burgers
- Author
-
Gök, Veli, primary, Akkaya, Levent, additional, Obuz, Ersel, additional, and Bulut, Sait, additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues in cow’s, buffalo’s, and sheep’s milk from Afyonkarahisar region, Turkey
- Author
-
Bulut, Sait, primary, Akkaya, Levent, additional, Gök, Veli, additional, and Konuk, Muhsin, additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Butter and Kaymak in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
- Author
-
Bulut, Sait, additional, Akkaya, Levent, additional, Gok, Veli, additional, and Konuk, Muhsin, additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Growth-Death Kinetics ofListeria Monocytogenesin Strained Yogurt
- Author
-
Akkaya, Levent, primary, Telli, Raziye, additional, and Sagdic, Osman, additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Effects of packaging method and storage time on the chemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of Turkish pastirma – A dry cured beef product
- Author
-
Gök, Veli, primary, Obuz, Ersel, additional, and Akkaya, Levent, additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Zeytin Yaprağı Ekstraktı İlavesinin Köftelerde S. typhimurium, E. coli O157 ve S. aureus Gelişimi Üzerine Etkisi.
- Author
-
Gökmen, Mukadderat, Akkaya, Levent, Kara, Recep, Gök, Veli, Önen, Adem, and Ektik, Nisanur
- Abstract
In this study, the antimicrobial effect of olive leaf extract (OLE) addition on the growth of E.coli O157, S. typhimurium and S. aureus in ready to eat meatballs was determined. At the end of the 7 days of storage, the number of S. typhimurium, E.coli O157 and S. aureus, which was inoculated at 3 and 6-log levels, increased 0.05-0.40, 0.15-0.20 and 0.17-0.36 logarithmic units, respectively in comparison to control groups. At the end of the storage period, the number of S. typhimurium, E. coli0157 and S. aureus (3 and 6-log levels) in meatballs with OLE at different rates decreased 0.15-0.60, 0.23-0.25 and 0.23-0.94 logarithmic units, respectively. The antimicrobial effect of olive leaf extract was significant (p<0.05) even at low rates of its use in meatballs. As a result, the addition of OLE at different rates to meatballs improved microbiological quality, did not cause any negative effect organoleptically and created a positive impact on shelf life. The results of this present study may offer a future insight into the use of OLE in foods as a source for an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
48. Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in Ayran, a traditional Turkish fermented drink.
- Author
-
Akkaya, Levent, Kara, Recep, Muduroglu, Raziye, and Sagdic, Osman
- Subjects
- *
LISTERIA monocytogenes , *FERMENTED milk , *DAIRY products , *YOGURT , *FOOD storage , *MILK contamination - Abstract
Ayran is a traditional fermented dairy product produced by mixing milk or yoghurt, water and salt. In this study, survival of Listeria monocytogenes 1/2b was investigated in Ayran samples. For that purpose, Ayran samples produced from yoghurt (Group A and B) or directly form milk (Group C and D) were contaminated with 1 % concentration of 7 (A1, B1, C1 and D1 samples) or 5 (A2, B2, C2 and D2 samples) log cfu/mL of L. monocytogenes. So, eight different samples of Ayran were produced and stored at 4 ºC (Group A and C) or 20 ºC (Group B and D) for 21 days. According to the obtained results, there was no significant change in the number of viable cells of L. monocytogenes 1/2b in samples A1, A2, C1 and C2 after 21 days of the storage period. However, L. monocytogenes 1/2b cells of B1 and B2 samples were completely inhibited after 5 days of storage at 20 ºC. Similarly to that, L. monocytogenes 1/2b cells in samples D1 and D2 were also completely inhibited after 3 days of the storage. Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus viable cell counts were between 10³-107 cfu/mL in all of the samples. Consequently, Ayran contaminated with L. monocytogenes may contribute to a risk for public health. But, due to low pH of approximately ≤3.90, Ayran is relatively safe from the risk of L. monocytogenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Behavior of B rucella Abortus and B rucella Melitensis in Afyon Tulum Cheese.
- Author
-
Kara, Recep and Akkaya, Levent
- Subjects
- *
CHEESE industry , *BRUCELLA abortus , *RAW milk , *BACTERIAL growth , *CHEESE microbiology , *CHEESE ripening - Abstract
Raw milk and its products play a considerable role in spreading B rucella infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth and survival abilities of B rucella abortus (NCTC - National Collection of Type Cultures 10863) and B rucella melitensis ( NCTC 10094) during the production and the ripening of Afyon Tulum cheese. B . abortus was inhibited in group inoculated at 4 log cfu/g, at the 15th day of ripening. In the group inoculated at 6 log cfu/g, B . abortus was inhibited at the 45th day of ripening. B . melitensis was inhibited in groups inoculated at 4 and 6 log cfu/g, at the 30th day of ripening. The growth and survival of B . abortus and B . melitensis were influenced by the type of strains and numbers inoculated in the Afyon Tulum cheese samples. It is important to produce Afyon Tulum cheese from B rucella spp.-free milk and to mature Afyon Tulum cheese for the correct minimum time period. Practical Applications B rucella spp. are zoonotic infections for humans. Raw milk and especially cheese are potential sources for the transmission of B rucella spp. Afyon Tulum cheese must be produced from pathogen-free raw milk for public health and characteristic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Afyon Tulum Peynirinin Mikrobiyolojik ve Fiziko-Kimyasal Özellikleri ile Laktik Asit Bakteri Dağılımlarının Belirlenmesi.
- Author
-
KARA, Recep and AKKAYA, Levent
- Abstract
Copyright of Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science & Engineering / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Science & Literature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.