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The safety and feasibility of using staged flow diverter (FD) for ruptured cerebral aneurysms, in which coil embolization is performed in the acute phase and FD is deployed in the subacute phase, has recently been reported. This strategy requires assuming the rupture point and performing coil embolization. Although vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging (VW-MRI) has been reported to be useful in predicting the rupture point of aneurysms, its use with staged FD has not yet been reported. We report the first case of staged FD with preoperative contrast-enhanced VW-MRI to predict the rupture point for partially thrombosed vertebral artery dissecting large aneurysm involving posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) origin. This approach achieved a very good outcome, not only completely occluding the aneurysm, but also reconstructing the parent artery while maintaining the patency of the PICA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diagnosis of oral mucosal diseases is a significant challenge due to their diverse differential characteristics. Risk assessment of lesions by visual examination is a complex process due to the lack of definitive guidelines. This study aimed to improve this process by creating a diagnostic algorithm using gaze data acquired during oral mucosal disease examinations. A total of 78 dentists were included in this study. Tobii Pro Nano® (Tobii Technology) was used to acquire gaze data during clinical photographic visual examinations. Advanced analysis tools such as support vector machines and heatmaps were used to visualize the gazing tendencies of a group of skilled oral surgeons, focusing on the number of gazes per region and the gazing time ratios. The preliminary findings showed the possibility of visualizing gazing tendencies and identifying areas of importance for diagnosis. The classification of intraoral photographs based on gross features revealed the existence of an optimal examination method for each category and diagnostically significant areas. This novel approach to analyzing gaze data has the potential to refine diagnostic techniques and increase both accuracy and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2D ordering of bacteriorhodopsins in a lipid bilayer was studied using a binary hard-disk model. The phase diagrams were calculated taking into account the lateral depletion effects. The critical concentrations of the protein ordering for monomers and trimers were obtained from the phase diagrams. The critical concentration ratio agreed well with the experiment when the repulsive core interaction between the depletants, namely, lipids, was taken into account. The results suggest that the depletion effect plays an important role in the association behaviors of transmembrane proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the dependence of the diffusion coefficient of a large solute particle on the solvation structure around a solute. The diffusion coefficient of a hard-sphere system is calculated by using a perturbation theory of large-particle diffusion with radial distribution functions around the solute. To obtain the radial distribution function, some integral equation theories are examined, such as the Percus–Yevick (PY), hypernetted-chain (HNC), and modified HNC theories using a bridge function proposed by Kinoshita (MHNC) closures. In one-component solvent systems, the diffusion coefficient depends on the first-minimum value of the radial distribution function. The results of the MHNC closure are in good agreement with those of calculation using the radial distribution functions of Monte Carlo simulations since the MHNC closure very closely reproduces the radial distribution function of Monte Carlo simulations. In binary-solvent mixtures, the diffusion coefficient is affected by the larger solvent density distribution in the short-range part, particularly the height and sharpness of the first peak and the depth of the first minimum. Since the HNC closure gives the first peak that is higher and sharper than that of the MHNC closure, the calculated diffusion coefficient is smaller than the MHNC closure result. In contrast, the results of the PY closure are qualitatively and quantitatively different from those of the MHNC and HNC closures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effective interaction between macroanions immersed in an electrolyte solution was calculated using an integral equation theory of liquids to study the solvent granularity effect on the effective attraction mediated by cations. Explicit and implicit solvent models were examined. The effective attraction for the explicit solvent model was found to be stronger than that for the implicit solvent model. This solvent effect was remarkably enhanced only when the effective attraction between macroanions was strong; this means that the solvent effect is not a usual excluded volume effect. The intensification mechanism of the attraction by the solvent granularity is analyzed in the present study, and an indirect mechanism is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solute–solvent reduced density profiles of hard-sphere fluids were calculated by using several integral equation theories for liquids. The traditional closures, Percus–Yevick (PY) and the hypernetted-chain (HNC) closures, as well as the theories with bridge functions, Verlet, Duh–Henderson, and Kinoshita (named MHNC), were used for the calculation. In this paper, a one-solute hard-sphere was immersed in a one-component hard-sphere solvent and various size ratios were examined. The profiles between the solute and solvent particles were compared with those calculated by Monte Carlo simulations. The profiles given by the integral equations with the bridge functions were much more accurate than those calculated by conventional integral equation theories, such as the Ornstein–Zernike (OZ) equation with the PY closure. The accuracy of the MHNC–OZ theory was maintained even when the particle size ratio of solute to solvent was 50. For example, the contact values were 5.7 (Monte Carlo), 5.6 (MHNC), 7.8 (HNC), and 4.5 (PY), and the first minimum values were 0.48 (Monte Carlo), 0.46 (MHNC), 0.54 (HNC), and 0.40 (PY) when the packing fraction of the hard-sphere solvent was 0.38 and the size ratio was 50. The asymptotic decay and the oscillation period for MHNC–OZ were also very accurate, although those given by the HNC–OZ theory were somewhat faster than those obtained by Monte Carlo simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective interactions between O-sized anions in various electrolyte solutions were calculated by using the integral equation theory with some simple models. The results indicated that only multivalent cations mediated a strong effective attraction between O-sized anions at a certain concentration. The effective interaction turned from repulsive to attractive as the electrolyte concentration increased, and the effective attraction decreased when more electrolyte was added. Moreover, the effective interactions between O-sized anions in the electrolyte solution did not present a long repulsive tail, although the effective attraction caused by the divalent cations appeared. By contrast, the effective attraction mediated by monovalent cations and the reentrant behavior did not appear and the effective interaction was basically repulsive. These behaviors agree with the experimental results for reentrant condensation of acidic proteins in various electrolyte solutions. The calculated results suggest that the dissociated carboxylic acidic groups on the proteins form attractive patches between proteins under certain concentration conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]