71 results on '"Akira Yunoki"'
Search Results
2. APMP supplementary international comparison of activity measurement of Cs-134 and Cs-137 in brown rice
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Akira Yunoki, Tsutomu Miura, Yasushi Sato, Pi-Fen Lee, Mikael Hult, Faidra Tzika, Guillaume Lutter, Gerd Marissens, Jong-Man Lee, K B Lee, Svetlana Nour, Jerome La Rosa, Jun Saegusa, Thongchai Soodprasert, Hermawan Candra, null Holnisar, Pujadi Marsoem, Gatot Wurdiyanto, Shioka Hamamatsu, and Mayumi Hachinohe
- Subjects
General Engineering - Abstract
Main text The supplementary international comparison of activity measurement of Cs-134 and Cs-137 in brown rice (APMP.RI(II)-S3.Cs-134.Cs-137) was carried out within the framework of the Asia-Pacific Metrology Programme (APMP). The matrix of the sample was brown rice grain harvested in autumn 2011, after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. No spiking was applied to the sample. Eight institutes reported their measurement results. Averages of the reported results and their associated uncertainties were obtained using the power-moderated mean. This report describes the supplemental comparison reference value, the degree of equivalence of the results, the procedure of the comparison and the sample preparation and measurements by the participants. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
- Published
- 2023
3. Evaluation of the probability distribution of radioactivity estimated by inverse problem solution using Monte Carlo Method
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Hirotaka Sakai, Taiki Yoshii, and Akira Yunoki
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Radioactivity ,Radiation ,Monte Carlo Method ,Probability - Abstract
In this study, we derived the posterior probability distribution of the total activity estimated by inverse problem solution. The posterior probability distribution was derived by applying the Monte Carlo approach of the GUM Supplement 1 to the model of evaluation. The decision threshold, the detection limit, and the limits of the coverage interval for the results, all of which are defined in ISO 11929-2 as characteristic limits, were also derived.
- Published
- 2022
4. UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENT IN THE RESPONSE TEST OF A THYROID MONITOR
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Akira Yunoki
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Acoustics ,Thyroid Gland ,Scintillator ,Imaging phantom ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Iodine Radioisotopes ,03 medical and health sciences ,Radiation Protection ,0302 clinical medicine ,Radiation Monitoring ,medicine ,Humans ,Computer Simulation ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Radiation ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Phantoms, Imaging ,business.industry ,Detector ,Thyroid ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Scintillation Counting ,Environmental science ,Measurement uncertainty ,Standard uncertainty ,Radiation protection ,business - Abstract
A test device consisting of an I-131 source, a phantom on a 3D moving table, and a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector on a fixed flat table was developed to carry out response tests of a thyroid monitor. A measurement uncertainty due to variation of configuration of the source and the detector, as well as other factors, was estimated. The estimated relative standard uncertainty of measurement at a source–detector distance of 100 mm, which was deduced to be the optimum, was 1.9%. This is sufficiently small for calibrating a thyroid monitor used for radiation protection.
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- 2019
5. Rapid and Simple Measurement Method of 90Sr Concentration in Water by Measuring β-rays from 90Y
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Hideo HIRAYAMA, Kenjiro KONDO, Yasuhiro UNNO, Hiroshi MATSUMURA, Hiroshi IWASE, Akira YUNOKI, and Shinichi SASAKI
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- 2021
6. Evaluation of absolute measurement using a 4π plastic scintillator for the 4πβ−γ coincidence counting method
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S Sasaki, Yasuhiro Unno, Masayuki Hagiwara, Toshiya Sanami, and Akira Yunoki
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Physics ,Photomultiplier ,Radiation ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,business.industry ,Counting efficiency ,Detector ,Liquid scintillation counting ,Extrapolation ,Scintillator ,010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,0104 chemical sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Optics ,Absolute measurement ,Coincidence counting ,business - Abstract
Absolute measurement by the 4πβ-γ coincidence counting method was conducted by two photomultipliers facing across a plastic scintillator to be focused on β ray counting efficiency. The detector was held with a through-hole-type NaI(Tl) detector. The results include absolutely determined activity and its uncertainty especially about extrapolation. A comparison between the obtained and known activities showed agreement within their uncertainties.
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- 2018
7. Simulation of a well-type HPGe detector for samples both in the hole and on top of the endcap
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Rio Furukawa, Yasuhiro Unno, and Akira Yunoki
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Physics ,Radiation ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,business.industry ,Monte Carlo method ,Analytical chemistry ,010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,0104 chemical sciences ,Semiconductor detector ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Activity measurements ,Optics ,Calibration ,Point (geometry) ,Nuclear Experiment ,business ,Hpge detector ,Gamma ray spectrometry - Abstract
A well-type HPGe detector model with the existence of a particular dead area in the HPGe crystal was developed for use in Monte Carlo simulation codes to better model gamma-ray efficiency characteristics. Dissimilarities of counting efficiencies between simulation and calibration were successfully minimized for the case of point and volume sources. Simulations using the resulting model are applicable to the activity measurement of samples both in the hole and on top of the endcap of the well-type HPGe detector.
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- 2017
8. α-particle discrimination in the measurement of α/β decaying chains by the use of ultra-thin plastic scintillation sheets
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Akira Yunoki, Yasushi Sato, Yasushi Kawada, and Takahiro Yamada
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Scintillation ,Radiation ,Materials science ,Detector ,Analytical chemistry ,Scintillator ,010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry ,Mass spectrometry ,01 natural sciences ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,0104 chemical sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Activity measurements ,Nuclide ,α particles ,Leakage (electronics) - Abstract
We found that problems of α/β pulse-height overlapping can be solved by use of ultra-thin plastic scintillator sheets. In order to determine individual α-counting efficiencies for nuclides in the 223Ra decay-chain, the 4πα-γ anti-coincidence spectrometry technique was employed with a 4πα-γ detector configuration composed of a source sandwiched between ultra-thin plastic scintillator sheets and a Ge detector. This technique was applied to the activity measurements of 223Ra. This type of sandwich source is useful to prevent possible leakage of 219Rn gas.
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- 2019
9. Evaluation of Applicability of Monte–Carlo Simulation to Equipment Design of Radioactive Noble Gas Monitor
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Kanako Hattori, Kei Sugihara, Genki Tanaka, Akira Yunoki, Hirotaka Sakai, and Shingo Takeuchi
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Materials science ,Nuclear engineering ,Monte Carlo method ,Noble gas (data page) - Published
- 2019
10. The CCRI(II)-K2.Fe-55.2019 key comparison of activity concentration measurements of a 55Fe solution
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Benoît Sabot, S Courte, P. Saganowski, Haoran Liu, Philippe Cassette, M.W. van Rooy, Tomasz Dziel, Juncheng Liang, M Nowicka, Raphael Galea, Mi Zhang, Ewa Kołakowska, R Coulon, T. Ziemek, Matej Krivošík, Marco Capogni, I Bonková, Zbigniew Tymiński, Akira Yunoki, N Navarro, A. Listkowska, P. Carconi, R. Broda, E. Lech, Aldo Fazio, Eduardo García-Toraño, Ole Nähle, P. De Felice, Karsten Kossert, C Frechou, Yasushi Sato, K.B. Lee, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM [Otwock, Pologne] (POLATOM), Slovak Institute of Metrology (SMU), Istituto Nazionale di Metrologia delle Radiazioni Ionizzanti (ENEA-INMRI), Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt [Braunschweig] (PTB), Slovenský Metrologický Ústav, National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope, Centre POLATOM, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science [Daejon] (KRISS), KRISS, National Institute of Metrology [Beijing], Radioactivity Standards Laboratory (NMISA), National Metrology Institute of Japan, and National Institute od Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
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55Fe ,Chemistry ,Decay data measurement ,Inorganic chemistry ,General Engineering ,Primary activity measurement ,Nuclear instrumentation ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,metrology ,radioactivity ,Activity concentration ,Key (cryptography) ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,ionizing radiation - Abstract
Main text A comparison of the activity concentration of an 55Fe solution was organized by the POLATOM under the auspices of the CCRI(II). The solution was sent to thirteen laboratories; ready-to-measure sources were also prepared using the same 55Fe solution in diffusive (polyethylene) vials and sent to twelve laboratories. Twelve measurement reports were received. The results, as well as relevant information on the measurement techniques, are presented and analysed in this paper. The differences in the results obtained from measurements in non-diffusive (glass) and diffusive vials are indicated. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
- Published
- 2021
11. Improvements of the standardization of 134 Cs by the critical window setting for 605 keV photopeak
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Akira Yunoki, Yoshio Hino, and Y. Kawada
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Physics ,Radiation ,Standardization ,business.industry ,Extrapolation ,Window (computing) ,Scintillator ,010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry ,computer.software_genre ,01 natural sciences ,Coincidence ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,0104 chemical sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Optics ,Lower threshold ,Steep slope ,Satellite ,Data mining ,business ,computer - Abstract
In the standardization of (134)Cs by the 4πβ-γ coincidence method with a γ-window at 605keV, the satellite components of 563keV and 569keV overlapping the 605keV peak cause a steep slope and non-linearity of the efficiency extrapolation function. By shifting the lower threshold of a γ-window higher, the satellite components are eliminated, and the slope tends to horizontal. Nearly flat efficiency curves were obtained by using a CeBr3 scintillator for detecting γ-photons, as well as a NaI(Tl) scintillator.
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- 2016
12. The Development of SI Traceable Brown Rice Certified Reference Material for Caesium 134 and Caesium 137 Measurement
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Mayumi Hachinohe, Tsutomu Miura, Setsuko Todoriki, Shioka Hamamatsu, Akira Yunoki, and Yasuhiro Unno
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Radiation ,Radiochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,0104 chemical sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Certified reference materials ,chemistry ,Caesium ,Caesium-137 ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,Brown rice - Published
- 2016
13. Preparation of Certified Reference Materials for Radioactivity Measurement Using Brown Rice
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Tsutomu Miura, Shioka Hamamatsu, Akira Yunoki, Yasuhiro Unno, Setsuko Todoriki, and Mayumi Hachinohe
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0301 basic medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Radiation ,Certified reference materials ,Environmental chemistry ,030106 microbiology ,Environmental science ,Brown rice - Published
- 2016
14. Proficiency Test of Radioactivity Measurement Using Samples of Brown Rice
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Mayumi Hachinohe, Setsuko Todoriki, Tsutomu Miura, Shioka Hamamatsu, Akira Yunoki, and Yasuhiro Unno
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Toxicology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Radiation ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,Brown rice ,Proficiency test ,010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,0104 chemical sciences - Published
- 2016
15. Proficiency testing with uncertainty evaluation for measuring activities per unit mass of 134 Cs and 137 Cs in brown rice in Japan
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Rio Furukawa, Yasuhiro Unno, Mayumi Hachinohe, M. Mizui, H. Itadzu, Shioka Hamamatsu, Akira Yunoki, and Tsutomu Miura
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Radiation ,010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,0104 chemical sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Activity measurements ,Unit mass ,Environmental chemistry ,Statistics ,Proficiency testing ,Environmental science ,Brown rice - Abstract
In Japan, we conducted proficiency testing of activity measurement by using high-purity germanium detectors for 134Cs and 137Cs in brown rice grains. Among 176 reported results, 86 % (for 134Cs) and 93 % (for 137Cs) of the results satisfied |En| ≦ 1. However, 58 reports for 134Cs and 51 reports for 137Cs had some failures in their evaluations of uncertainties. The proficiency testing was effective to improve the ability of uncertainty evaluation.
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- 2017
16. Report of APMP comparison of the activity measurements of Fe-59 (APMP.RI(II)-K2.Fe-59)
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H Holnisar, A Ravindra, T Soodprasert, Haoran Liu, P Marsoem, D B Kulkarni, T-S Park, P.A.L. da Cruz, Ming-Chen Yuan, Leena Joseph, N Sastri, C.J. da Silva, Jong Man Lee, K.B. Lee, Juncheng Liang, Mi Zhang, Akira Yunoki, Yasushi Sato, P Paukkachane, J. Lubbe, G Wurdiyanto, M.J. van Staden, Akira Iwahara, A Agusbudman, B.R.S. Simpson, and M.W. van Rooy
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Activity measurements ,Materials science ,General Engineering ,Analytical chemistry - Abstract
The international comparison of activity measurements of 59Fe, APMP.RI(II)-K2.Fe-59, was carried out within the framework of the Asia-Pacific Metrology Programme (APMP). Nine institutes took part in the comparison, and eight institutes of them undertook absolute measurements. One ampoule prepared using the same radioactive solution as that used in the comparison was sent to the BIPM/SIR in order to link the comparison to the BIPM key comparison reference value (KCRV). Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
- Published
- 2020
17. BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Fe-59 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 59Fe for the PTB (Germany), LNE-LNHB (France) and the NMIJ (Japan), and the linked APMP.RI(II)-K2.Fe-59 comparison
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C Michotte, Yasushi Sato, Akira Yunoki, Rainer Dersch, Ole Nähle, Christophe Bobin, S Courte, G Ratel, T Branger, and Karsten Kossert
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Radionuclide ,Activity measurements ,Radiochemistry ,General Engineering ,Environmental science - Abstract
Three new participations in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Fe-59 comparison have been added to the previous results and this has produced a revised value for the key comparison reference value (KCRV), calculated using the power-moderated weighted mean. A link has been made to the APMP.RI(II)-K2.Fe-59 comparison held in 2014 through the NMIJ who participated in both comparisons. Five NMIs used the K1 or K2 comparison to update their degree of equivalence. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the International Reference System (SIR) and the KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table for the remaining five NMIs in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Fe-59 comparison and the eight other participants in the APMP.RI(II)-K2.Fe-59 comparison. A graphical presentation is also given. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
- Published
- 2020
18. Results of an international comparison of activity measurements of $^{68}$Ge
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Emin Yeltepe, Leena Joseph, C.J. da Silva, A. Javornik, P.A.L. da Cruz, J. Ometakova, M. Krivosek, John Keightley, M. Zalesakova, J.M. Lee, Jeffrey T. Cessna, M.-C. Yuan, Y. Nedjadi, M. Mejuto, M. Zhang, Timothy Jackson, Lizbeth Laureano-Perez, F. van Wyngaardt, J. Liang, Abdullah Dirican, A.K. Pearce, K.B. Lee, M.-R. Ioan, M. Sahagia, C. Bobin, Ole Nähle, T. Dziel, C.Y. Yeh, Karsten Kossert, C. Fréchou, A. Listkowska, E. García-Toraño Martinez, D.N. Kulkarni, Yasushi Sato, A. Antohe, Justyna Marganiec-Gałązka, A. Iwahara, H. Liu, Ryan P. Fitzgerald, A. Luca, Brian E. Zimmerman, M. Roteta, Z. Tymiński, Akira Yunoki, M.L. Smith, P. Cassette, F. Juget, Anuradha Ravindra, Agung, Denis E. Bergeron, B. Howe, National Institute of Standards and Technology [Gaithersburg] (NIST), Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation [Australie] (ANSTO), Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, National Institute of Metrology [Beijing], Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt [Braunschweig] (PTB), Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Government of India, Department of Atomic Energy, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science [Daejon] (KRISS), KRISS, National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope, Centre POLATOM, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Slovenský Metrologický Ústav, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Institut Universitaire de Radiophysique Appliquée, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, National Physical Laboratory [Teddington] (NPL), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay
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Germanium-68 ,Nuclear instrumentation ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry ,Metrology ,01 natural sciences ,Equivalence ,Coincidence ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Statistics ,Activity concentration ,CALIBRATION METHODOLOGY ,Equivalence (measure theory) ,International comparison ,Mathematics ,instrumentation ,Radiation ,Gallium-68 ,Primary activity measurement ,STANDARDIZATION ,calibration ,0104 chemical sciences ,Activity measurements ,radioactivity ,NIST ,Reference material ,ionizing radiation - Abstract
Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and its Applications (ICRM), May 15-19, 2017, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Organizer: Argentinian National Atomic Energy Commission; International audience; An international key comparison, identifier CCRI(II)-K2.Ge-68, has been performed. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) served as the pilot laboratory, distributing aliquots of a $^{68}$Ge/$^{68}$Ga solution. Results for the activity concentration, CA, of $^{68}$Ge at a reference date of 12h00 UTC 14 November 2014 were submitted by 17 laboratories, encompassing many variants of coincidence methods and liquid-scintillation counting methods. The first use of 4π(Cherenkov)β-γ coincidence and anticoincidence methods in an international comparison is reported. One participant reported results by secondary methods only. Two results, both utilizing pure liquid-scintillation methods, were identified as outliers. Evaluation using the Power-Moderated Mean method results in a proposed Comparison Reference Value (CRV) of 621.7(11) kBq g$^{−1}$, based on 14 results. The degrees of equivalence and their associated uncertainties are evaluated for each participant. Several participants submitted 3.6 mL ampoules to the BIPM to link the comparison to the International Reference System (SIR) which may lead to the evaluation of a Key Comparison Reference Value and associated degrees of equivalence.
- Published
- 2018
19. Development of a flexible γ-ray detector using a liquid scintillation light guide (LSLG)
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Yuko Morito, Kiyoshi Nomura, Akira Fujishima, Akira Yunoki, and Masayuki Hara
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Photomultiplier ,Materials science ,Light ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,020209 energy ,Physics::Medical Physics ,02 engineering and technology ,Scintillator ,01 natural sciences ,Optics ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Humans ,γ ray irradiation ,Radiometry ,Pulse height ,Optical Fibers ,Radiation ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,business.industry ,Detector ,Liquid scintillation counting ,Optical Devices ,Light guide ,Equipment Design ,Radiation Exposure ,Gamma Rays ,Scintillation Counting ,business ,Dose rate - Abstract
A flexible γ detector using a liquid scintillation light guide (LSLG) was developed. The analyzed pulse height (PHA) spectrum depended on the diameter, length and scintillator concentration of the LSLG, and the distance of a γ ray irradiation point from the head of photomultiplier tube (PMT). From the analysis of PHA spectrum, it was found that the count ratio of two divided channel regions linearly decreases as the distance from the PMT head increases. It was further found that the radiation dose rate can be estimated by setting the flexible LSLG tube to a circular shape since the count rate is proportional to the dose rate measured by a conventional NaI (Tl) scintillation detector. Therefore, a flexible and long LSLG detector using a single PMT is useful for determination of the dose rate and has a potential to detect local contaminations in a certain narrow space.
- Published
- 2018
20. Rapid and Simple Measurement Method of 90Sr Concentration in Water by Measuring β-rays from 90Y
- Author
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Hideo Hirayama, Hiroshi Matsumura, Yasuhiro Unno, Hiroshi Iwase, Akira Yunoki, Shinichi Sasaki, and Kenjiro Kondo
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Imagination ,Measurement method ,Thesaurus (information retrieval) ,Search engine ,Information retrieval ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Computer science ,Simple (abstract algebra) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,media_common - Published
- 2015
21. Measurement of the response-ratio of an ionization chamber filled with dry air to that filled with P-10 gas in the calibration of gas monitors
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Y. Kawada, Akira Yunoki, and Yoshio Hino
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03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Radiation ,Chemistry ,Ionization chamber ,Analytical chemistry ,Calibration ,010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Radioactive gas ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,0104 chemical sciences - Abstract
We developed a new method to determine the response ratio of an ionization chamber (Ohkura ionization chamber: type I-4096 01/06) filled with dry air to that filled with P-10 gas. The response-ratio was obtained by comparing the output currents of the ionization chamber after introduction of radioactive gasses of identical activities contained in two small vessels. The obtained ratio was 0.690 ± 0.003, which agreed with the results obtained by other methods.
- Published
- 2017
22. Homogeneity of wheat flour in 5 ml containers for certified reference materials
- Author
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Yasuhiro Unno, Shioka Hamamatsu, Akira Yunoki, Tsutomu Miura, Mayumi Hachinohe, and Rio Furukawa
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0301 basic medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Radiation ,Certified reference materials ,Waste management ,030106 microbiology ,Homogeneity (physics) ,Wheat flour ,Food science ,Hpge detector ,Mathematics - Abstract
We aimed to develop certified reference materials that could be used for well-type HPGe detector. We chose wheat flour as a sample and evaluated the homogeneity of the sample in well-type container (5ml). Results showed that inhomogeneity was sufficiently small for validation checks of well-type HPGe detector (uhom = 0.44%).
- Published
- 2017
23. Radioactivity measurement of Sr/Y-90 mixed with Cs-134 and Cs-137 using large solid angle detectors without chemical separation
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Toshiya Sasami, Akira Yunoki, Yasuhiro Unno, Masayuki Hagiwara, and Shinichi Sasaki
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Chemical separation ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Measurement method ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Chemistry ,TRACER ,Detector ,Radiochemistry ,Solid angle ,Coincidence counting ,Electron ,Scintillator - Abstract
We proposed a method to measure the radioactivity of Sr/Y-90 in the mixture of Cs-134 and Cs-137 without chemical pretreatment. It was realized by subtracting the electrons produced in Cs-134 and Cs-137 from entire electron emission rate that can be determined by the efficiency tracer technique in the 4πβ–γ coincidence counting method. The radioactivity of Cs-134 and Cs-137 can be determined by gamma ray spectrometry. The measurements were conducted using plastic and NaI(Tl) scintillation detector with a large solid angle. The validity of the measurement method was shown by agreement of the results with the known radioactivities.
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- 2014
24. Application of beta coincidence to nuclide identification of radioactive samples contaminated by the accident at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant
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Masayuki Hagiwara, Shinichi Sasaki, Toshiya Sanami, Yasuhiro Unno, and Akira Yunoki
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Scintillation ,Chemistry ,law ,Beta (plasma physics) ,Nuclear power plant ,Beta particle ,Radiochemistry ,General Medicine ,Nuclide ,Contamination ,Coincidence ,law.invention ,Gamma ray detection - Abstract
We proposed a new method to determine the activity of each nuclide in a mixture of Cs-134, Cs-137 and Sr/Y-90. The point of this new measurement method is simultaneous counting between beta and gamma ray detection. We assembled a setup that employs plastic and NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors for beta- and gamma-ray detection, respectively. The obtained result shows that discrimination of Cs-134 and Cs-137 was successfully achieved. Radioactivity determined by measurement was in agreement with one prepared as a mixture. The results show that the method can be adapted to measure the radioactivity of samples contaminated by the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.
- Published
- 2014
25. Estimation of immediate fallout after the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant by using HPGe detector and EGS5 code
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Yasushi Sato, Akira Yunoki, Yoshio Hino, and Yasuhiro Unno
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Radioactive Fallout ,Oceans and Seas ,Nuclear engineering ,Radiation Dosage ,Risk Assessment ,law.invention ,Japan ,law ,Nuclear power plant ,Fukushima Nuclear Accident ,Air Pollution, Radioactive ,Computer Simulation ,Nuclide ,Gamma ray spectrometry ,Radioisotopes ,Radionuclide ,Models, Statistical ,Radiation ,Radioactive fallout ,Spectrometry, Gamma ,Fukushima daiichi ,Monte carlo code ,Environmental science ,Hpge detector ,Algorithms ,Software - Abstract
After the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, we managed to carry out emergency measurements of the radioactive fallout. The included nuclides were identified via gamma-ray spectrometry using an HPGe detector. Quantifications of each radionuclide in the fallout were determined based on the efficiency calibrations and relevant corrections. The collected samples had a variety of shapes, densities, and compositions. EGS5 Monte Carlo code was used for the flexible estimation of these parameters. The measurement results show the temporal changes in the fallout quantity about a month after the accident.
- Published
- 2013
26. Absorption and backscatter of internal conversion electrons in the measurements of surface contamination of 137Cs
- Author
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Yasushi Sato, Yoshio Hino, Akira Yunoki, Yasuhiro Unno, Takahiro Yamada, and Y. Kawada
- Subjects
Radiation ,Backscatter ,Chemistry ,Radionuclide metrology ,Attenuation ,Counting efficiency ,Analytical chemistry ,Penetration (firestop) ,Electron ,Atomic physics ,Contamination ,FOIL method - Abstract
We measured 4π and 2π counting efficiencies for internal conversion electrons (ICEs), gross β-particles and also β-rays alone with various source conditions regarding absorber and backing foil thickness using e-X coincidence technique. Dominant differences regarding the penetration, attenuation and backscattering properties among ICEs and β-rays were revealed. Although the abundance of internal conversion electrons of 137Cs-137Ba is only 9.35%, 60% of gross counts may be attributed to ICEs in worse source conditions. This information will be useful for radionuclide metrology and for surface contamination monitoring.
- Published
- 2013
27. Efficiency fitting for TDCR measurement data using polynomial approximation and the Newton–Raphson method
- Author
-
Takahiro Yamada, Keiichi Oda, T Yoshimura, Sato Tomohiko, Y Wakitani, Yasushi Sato, Yasuhiro Unno, Hideo Murayama, Tomoyuki Hasegawa, Akira Yunoki, and Mikio Matsumoto
- Subjects
Mathematical optimization ,Polynomial ,Radiation ,Experimental data ,Quadratic function ,Radiation Dosage ,Tritium ,Coincidence ,Metrology ,symbols.namesake ,Convergence (routing) ,symbols ,Shaping ,Applied mathematics ,Radiometry ,Newton's method ,Algorithms ,Mathematics - Abstract
A tritium radioactivity source was measured by triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) equipment of the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), and measured data were fitted using polynomial approximation and the Newton-Raphson method, a technique whereby equations are solved numerically by successive approximations. The method used to obtain the activity minimizes the difference between statistically calculated data and experimental data. In the fitting, since calculated statistical efficiency and TDCR values are discrete, the calculated efficiencies are approximated by quadratic functions around experimental values and the Newton-Raphson method is used for convergence at the minimal difference between experimental data and calculated data. In this way, the activity of tritium was successfully obtained.
- Published
- 2012
28. Effects of anisotropic fluences and angular depended spectra of beta-particles in the use of large area reference sources
- Author
-
Akira Yunoki, Y. Kawada, Shinich Yamamoto, Yasushi Sato, Hidetake Ishizu, Yoshio Hino, Yasuhiro Unno, and Takahiro Yamada
- Subjects
Scintillation ,Internationality ,Radiation ,Materials science ,Spectrometer ,business.industry ,Isotropy ,Detector ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Proportional counter ,Equipment Design ,Reference Standards ,Radiation Dosage ,Beta Particles ,Metrology ,Equipment Failure Analysis ,Optics ,Reference Values ,Beta particle ,Calibration ,Radiometry ,business - Abstract
Calibrations of instrument efficiency of surface contamination meters are usually made with extended reference sources which are standardized in terms of 2π surface β-particle emission rates from the source surface including backscattered particles. Extended sources supplied from various metrology institutes or calibration laboratories, but the source-types such as structure, preparation method, backing and covering materials vary between manufacturers. In this work first we show how the calibration results are dependent on the source type. Second, in order to clarify the possible reason of such discrepancy, we examined the isotropy of β-particle fluences by the use of a proportional counter and also observed the angular dependence of β-particle spectra by the use of small plastic scintillation spectrometer, where the source mount can rotate relative to the detector window at various obliquities. The discrepancy in the instrument-calibration of surface contamination meters, which are mainly used under the conditions of large source-to-detector geometry, can be explained.
- Published
- 2012
29. Performance test and quality control of large area reference sources fabricated by the ink-jet printing technique
- Author
-
Akira Yunoki, Yasushi Sato, Takahiro Yamada, Mikio Matsumoto, Shinichi Yamamoto, and Yoshio Hino
- Subjects
Quality Control ,Radioisotopes ,Internationality ,Radiation ,Materials science ,Surface emission ,Emphasis (telecommunications) ,Mechanical engineering ,Reference Standards ,Radiation Dosage ,Quality (physics) ,Reference Values ,Computer Peripherals ,Radiometry ,Half-Life - Abstract
Quantitative performance tests and evaluations were carried out for large area reference sources fabricated by the ink-jet printing technique developed by NMIJ/AIST. The present tests were performed quantitatively with emphasis on uniformity, surface emission rate and long-term stability. Some techniques to minimize the self-absorption and to control the amount of radioactivity were established. The prototype source fabricated in this study safely satisfies the requirements specified in ISO 8769.
- Published
- 2012
30. Remote calibration of ionization chambers for radioactivity calibration
- Author
-
Toshikazu Suzuki, Kenji Suzuki, Tetsuro Matsumoto, Yoshihiro Saito, Tadahiro Kurosawa, Akinori Iwamoto, Shohei Matsubara, Hideki Harano, Katsuhisa Kudo, Kazutoshi Suzuki, Yoshio Hino, Kenichi Endo, Katsuhiro Miyamoto, S. Hatakeyama, Masahiro Kato, Toshimitsu Fukumura, Yasushi Sato, Chie Toramatsu, Tetsuya Shimoyama, Mikio Matsumoto, Takahiro Yamada, Kouichi Doi, and Akira Yunoki
- Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,law ,Calibration (statistics) ,Ionization ,Cyclotron ,Ionization chamber ,Analytical chemistry ,Environmental science ,law.invention ,Remote sensing - Abstract
A new calibration technique, referred to as e-trace, has been developed by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST). The e-trace technique enables rapid remote ca...
- Published
- 2012
31. A Multiwire Proportional Counter System for the Measurement of Alpha and Beta Particle Surface Emission Rates
- Author
-
Akira Yunoki, Mikio Matsumoto, Takahiro Yamada, Yasuhiro Unno, Yasushi Sato, and Shinichi Yamamoto
- Subjects
Nuclear physics ,Physics ,Radiation ,Surface emission ,Beta particle ,Analytical chemistry ,Proportional counter - Abstract
表面汚染検査装置は,放射線防護のために広く用いられている。これらの表面汚染検査装置は,荷電粒子放出率が付与された面線源により校正される。一方,産業技術総合研究所は,計量の国家標準を担っており,荷電粒子放出率については,多線式比例計数管により面線源の測定を行い,面線源を仲介標準器として,校正業務を行っている。現在まで,100mm×100mmの面線源により,校正業務を行ってきたが,今回,新しい多線式比例計数管を導入し,100mm×150mmの面線源によっても,校正業務が行えるように準備作業を進めている。この新しい多線式比例計数管についての特性評価を行うとともに,校正の不確かさ評価を行った。今後,この多線式比例計数管を,表面汚染検査装置の校正等のための面線源に,荷電粒子放出率を付与するために用いていきたい。
- Published
- 2012
32. Radiation Measurement Technique for Ensuring a Safe and Secure Life
- Author
-
Tadahiro Kurosawa and Akira Yunoki
- Subjects
Computer science ,Radiation measurement ,Mechanical Engineering ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,computer - Published
- 2012
33. Standardization of 99mTc and 99Mo by the use of a 4πβ−4πγ counter
- Author
-
Yasushi Sato, Akira Yunoki, T. Yamada, Keizo Ishii, Yoshio Hino, and Yasuhiro Unno
- Subjects
Nuclear physics ,Physics ,Radiation ,Standardization ,Extrapolation ,Range (statistics) ,Steep slope ,Measurement uncertainty ,Coincidence counting ,Nuclide ,Function (mathematics) ,Algorithm - Abstract
Technetium-99m is widely used for many diagnostic investigations in nuclear medicine, thus the standardization of this nuclide is important. In classical 4πβ−γ coincidence counting of 99mTc, the steep slope of the efficiency function and the large extrapolation range may cause a large measurement uncertainty. In order to overcome these difficulties, we apply the 4πβ+4πγ sum counting technique for the standardization. Furthermore, we adopt both the 4πβ−4πγ coincidence counting method and the 4πβ+4πγ sum counting technique for the standardization of its parent nuclide 99Mo. High efficiencies for both nuclides were easily achieved by the use of our 4πβ−4πγ counter. All the results were consistent with the reference value obtained by the conventional method obtained by NMIJ.
- Published
- 2010
34. Observation of β-ray spectra after penetrating absorbing materials
- Author
-
Akira Yunoki, Yasushi Sato, J. Itoh, Takahiro Yamada, Yoshio Hino, and Yasushi Kawada
- Subjects
Physics ,Radiation ,Optics ,Backscatter X-ray ,Spectrometer ,business.industry ,Absorption curve ,Nuclide ,Radiation protection ,Scintillator ,business ,Spectral line - Abstract
beta-Ray spectra after penetrating absorbing materials of various thicknesses were observed by the use of a scintillation-type beta-ray spectrometer equipped with a flat NE-102 plastic scintillator of 5mm thickness for sources of (60)Co, (90)Sr-(90)Y, (137)Cs, (147)Pm and (204)Tl. Although the spectra changed rapidly with increasing absorber thickness, the average beta-ray energy was kept nearly constant for a wider range. These results are consistent in that the beta-ray absorption curve becomes quasi-linear in a semi-logarithmic plot. Spectra including scattered beta-rays from several materials placed behind the source were also measured for (137)Cs and (204)Tl. It may be concluded that mean energy measurements by the use of beta-ray spectrometer of this kind is useful for the identification of nuclides in radiation protection purposes even in worse source-conditions.
- Published
- 2008
35. Calibration of 55Fe activity with a lithium-drifted silicon detector
- Author
-
Y. Kawada, Yasushi Sato, Akira Yunoki, Takahiro Yamada, and Yoshio Hino
- Subjects
Physics ,Radiation ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Detector ,Calibration result ,Analytical chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Proportional counter ,chemistry ,Scintillation counter ,Calibration ,NIST ,Silicon detector ,Lithium - Abstract
NMIJ participated in the CCRI (II) key comparison of 55 Fe activity measurement. A planar-type Si(Li) detector and a liquid-scintillation counter were used to calibrate the activity. The calibration result obtained by the Si(Li) detector agreed with that obtained by the liquid-scintillation counter using the CIEMAT/NIST method within uncertainty. The result was reported to the BIPM in 2006. The activity of 55 Fe was also measured by using a 2 π pressurized proportional counter. The result obtained by the 2π pressurized proportional counter agreed with the above results within uncertainty. The measurement by the Si(Li) detector was very simple and its procedure was a combination of conventional methods. The measurement by the liquid-scintillation counter is most popular to calibrate the activity of 55 Fe. However the Si(Li) detector is also useful.
- Published
- 2008
36. Standardization of 18F using the 4π(β+γ) integral counting technique
- Author
-
Yasushi Sato, Takahiro Yamada, Y. Kawada, Yoshio Hino, and Akira Yunoki
- Subjects
Nuclear physics ,Physics ,Photomultiplier ,Radiation ,Positron ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Monte Carlo method ,Detector ,Liquid scintillation counting ,Coincidence counting ,Scintillator ,Coincidence ,Computational physics - Abstract
Α 4π(β+γ) integral counting technique using a 4πβ−4πγ detector configuration was adopted for the standardization of 18F. In this technique, the β-detector is composed of two thin plastic scintillators sandwiching the source, coupled with a slender photomultiplier tube. The β-detector part with the source was inserted into a large well-type NaI(Tl) scintillation detector for γ-ray detection, making a 4πβ−4πγ coincidence counting system. In this work, positron particles were detected with high efficiency in the β-channel and annihilation quanta were also detected with high efficiency in the 4πγ channel. The very small inefficiency of the 4π(β+γ) integral counter for the β-plus branch has been confirmed by EGS5 Monte Carlo simulation. The result using this technique agreed within the uncertainties with the result obtained by the conventional 4πβ−γ coincidence counting with the efficiency extrapolation technique using the same detector configuration and a conventional 4πβ−γ coincidence counter.
- Published
- 2008
37. Simulation technique for extrapolation curves in 4πβ-γ coincidence counting method using EGS5 code
- Author
-
S Sasaki, Akira Yunoki, Masayuki Hagiwara, Toshiya Sanami, and Yasuhiro Unno
- Subjects
Mathematical optimization ,Radiation ,Monte Carlo method ,Extrapolation ,Scintillator ,010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,0104 chemical sciences ,Computational physics ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Code (cryptography) ,Coincidence counting ,Mathematics - Abstract
A simulation technique was developed for the extrapolation technique in 4πβ-γ coincidence counting method. Simultaneous emissions of β and γ rays were calculated using EGS5 code to obtain coincidence counting between both β and γ channels. The simulated extrapolation curves were compared with experimental data obtained with (134)Cs measurements using a plastic scintillator in the β channel. The variation of the extrapolation curves with γ-gate configuration was investigated by the simulation technique.
- Published
- 2015
38. Effect of time walk in the use of single channel analyzer/discriminator for saturated pulses in the 4πβ-γ coincidence experiments
- Author
-
Akira Yunoki, Takahiro Yamada, Yoshio Hino, and Y. Kawada
- Subjects
Physics ,Spectrum analyzer ,Radiation ,Discriminator ,business.industry ,Detector ,Emphasis (telecommunications) ,01 natural sciences ,Coincidence ,Spectral line ,010309 optics ,Optics ,0103 physical sciences ,Statistics ,Coincidence counting ,010306 general physics ,business ,Voltage - Abstract
Using the TAC technique, the timing properties of a 4πβ-γ coincidence counting system were experimentally studied with an emphasis on saturated pulses. Experiments were performed for several discriminators (integral mode of TSCA) each with different kinds of timing techniques. Timing spectra were measured at various applied voltage to the 4π proportional detector covering the entire region of the plateau. Most of timing discriminators show good timing property when the pulses remain the linear region, but suddenly deteriorate after the pulses was saturated, and the timing spectra expands seriously up to a few μs in some types of timing discriminator. To overcome this problem, two techniques were proposed.
- Published
- 2015
39. A compact detector for Sr/Y-90 radioactivity measurements with a through hole NaI(Tl) scintillator
- Author
-
Masayuki Hagiwara, Akira Yunoki, Yasuhiro Unno, Shinichi Sasaki, and Toshiya Sanami
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear physics ,Radiochemistry ,Detector ,Scintillator ,Spectroscopy ,Optical coupling - Abstract
We developed a compact detector that was applied to measure Sr/Y-90 radioactivity even in mixture with Cs-134 and Cs-137. A measurement for a sample of which radioactivity was known was conducted.
- Published
- 2014
40. Positron camera for range verification of heavy-ion radiotherapy
- Author
-
E. Urakabe, Hideyuki Mizuno, Hirotaka Sakai, Takehiro Tomitani, Yasuyuki Futami, Tatsuaki Kanai, Mitsutaka Kanazawa, Yasushi Iseki, Takeshi Murakami, Akira Yunoki, Teiji Nishio, M. Suda, and Atsushi Kitagawa
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Accuracy and precision ,Scintillation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Detector ,Field of view ,Standard deviation ,Full width at half maximum ,Optics ,medicine ,Medical physics ,business ,Instrumentation ,Image resolution ,Electronic circuit - Abstract
A positron camera, consisting of a pair of Anger-type scintillation detectors, has been developed to verify ranges by using positron emitter beams. Each detector head is equipped with a NaI(Tl) crystal (diameter: 600 mm , thickness: 30 mm ) for high detection efficiency. To get a low counting rate for this application, the electric circuit was designed for flexibility in measurement and analysis by software. The energy and position were calibrated for high measurement accuracy. A spatial resolution of 8.6 mm in FWHM within a ±50 mm region (field of view) and a linear response of a 0.3 mm standard deviation within a ±200 mm region were obtained. The camera was designed so as to measure the ranges within an accuracy of 1 mm under a dose limitation (about 100 mGyE ) to reduce the safety margin for the irradiation field, and it met the required characteristics.
- Published
- 2003
41. An allene-doped liquid argon ionization chamber for Ar and Ca ions at around 100 MeV/n
- Author
-
Eido Shibamura, Masahito Tanaka, K Ozaki, Isao Tanihata, Tadayoshi Doke, Hiroyuki Okada, Jun Kikuchi, T Kato, K. Masuda, M Niimura, K. Terasawa, Y. Piao, Masayuki Kase, N Fukuda, and Akira Yunoki
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Chemical ionization ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Analytical chemistry ,Photoionization ,Ion source ,Ion ,Atmospheric-pressure laser ionization ,Ionization ,Ionization chamber ,Atomic physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,Instrumentation ,Electron ionization - Abstract
An allene-doped liquid argon ionization chamber with 48 mm×48 mm×40 mm sensitive volume has been constructed for precise energy measurement of heavy ions at around 100 MeV/n. An energy resolution of 0.6%–0.7% (FWHM) was achieved for Ca and Ar ions both at 78 MeV/n.
- Published
- 1999
42. The efficiency variation method for 4πβ−γ coincidence counting by ink-jet printing
- Author
-
Akira Yunoki, Yoshio Hino, T. Hata, K. Moriyama, Takahiro Yamada, and Yasushi Sato
- Subjects
Radiation ,Optics ,business.industry ,Electron capture ,Chemistry ,Radioactive source ,Extrapolation ,Coincidence counting ,business ,Coincidence ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS - Abstract
In order to vary the counting efficiencies in the 4πβ−γ coincidence extrapolation technique, a radioactive source was coated directly with varying amounts of an electrical conducting pigment using an ink-jet printer. This method can be used to efficiently prepare the multiple sources needed to generate efficiency extrapolation curves, and was successfully applied to the standardization of a 54Mn source.
- Published
- 2008
43. Gamma geometry dependency of efficiency functions in the 4πβ-γ coincidence measurements of complex decaying nuclides
- Author
-
Yoshio Hino, Akira Yunoki, Takahiro Yamada, and Y. Kawada
- Subjects
Radiation ,Data acquisition ,Series (mathematics) ,Detector ,Extrapolation ,Coincidence counting ,Nuclide ,Scintillator ,Arithmetic ,Coincidence ,Computational physics ,Mathematics - Abstract
In order to clarify the γ-efficiency dependency of 4πβ-γ efficiency functions, a series of 4πβ-γ efficiency extrapolation measurements of a 134Cs source were carried out for a wide variety of γ-geometries using a 4πβ(PS)-4πγ detector configuration. As the source is situated in the plastic scintillator (PS) β-detector, the γ-efficiency of the system can be readily changed by extracting the β-detector from the well-hole in a series of stages. For data acquisition and analyses, a list-mode two-parameter data acquisition system was employed. The forms of the extrapolation curves were monitored with decreasing γ-geometry, eventually exhibiting a similar behavior to those obtained in a usual 4πβ-γ coincidence counting system. The experimental results and considerations suggested that the γ-geometry dependency of the efficiency functions were due to summing effects in the γ-channel, and some qualitative remarks on the form of the extrapolation functions are given.
- Published
- 2013
44. Observation of X-ray and Auger electron spectra in a 4π proportional counter for 4π(e, X)-γ coincidence measurements
- Author
-
Yoshio Hino, Akira Yunoki, and Yasushi Kawada
- Subjects
Physics ,Auger electron spectroscopy ,Radiation ,Auger effect ,Electron capture ,X-ray ,Analytical chemistry ,Proportional counter ,Coincidence ,Spectral line ,symbols.namesake ,symbols ,Coincidence counting ,Atomic physics - Abstract
For the standardization of electron capture nuclides followed by γ-transitions, the 4π(e, X)–γ coincidence counting method is mainly adopted. To examine how the spectra of the (e, X) channel change with gas nature and pressure, pulse-height spectrum measurements of signals from a 4π pressurized proportional counter were carried out under various conditions for 54 Mn and 88 Y sources together with 4π(e, X)–γ coincidence counting. The spectra were measured for each half of the counter and for the combined 4π signal. The nature of counting gas (P-10 or methane) and its pressure was reflected in the X-ray peak intensity, and the Auger electron spectra were influenced significantly by the absorption in a thin VYNS film and the source conditions. In the measurements, we employed a pill-box type 4π counter in which the anodes were very thin gold-coated tungsten wires (30 μm ∅). In this system, spectra down to 0.2 keV were clearly seen. The gas pressure can be raised up to 0.6 MPa. Counting electronics used for 4π(e, X)–γ coincidence measurements were conventional modules and a list mode two-parameter data acquisition system.
- Published
- 2013
45. Characterization of brown rice as a certified reference material for Fukushima accident-related radioactivity measurements
- Author
-
Akira Yunoki, Setsuko Todoriki, Shioka Hamamatsu, Yasuhiro Unno, Tsutomu Miura, and Mayumi Hachinohe
- Subjects
Radiation ,Waste management ,Radiochemistry ,Oryza ,Reference Standards ,law.invention ,Certified reference materials ,Fukushima daiichi ,Japan ,law ,Radiation Monitoring ,Nuclear power plant ,Environmental science ,Fukushima Nuclear Accident ,Brown rice ,Gamma ray spectrometry ,Radioactive Pollutants - Abstract
We developed a certified reference material of brown rice to measure radioactivity from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. The rice was planted in the spring of 2011, just after the Fukushima accident occurred, and it was harvested in the autumn of 2011. The certified value of radioactivity concentration in the rice was 33.6 Bq kg −1 of Cs-134 and 51.8 Bq kg −1 of Cs-137 on August 1, 2012. The reference material is being widely distributed by the National Metrology Institute of Japan. To determine the radioactivity and its uncertainties in the brown rice, we employed gamma-ray spectrometry with a high-purity germanium detector and Monte Carlo simulation.
- Published
- 2013
46. Monte Carlo simulation of a beta particle detector for food samples
- Author
-
Yasushi Sato, Takahiro Yamada, Akira Yunoki, Yasuhiro Unno, and Hiroshi Takahashi
- Subjects
Chemical process ,Nuclear engineering ,Monte Carlo method ,Radiation Dosage ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Particle detector ,law.invention ,Nuclear physics ,law ,Beta particle ,Nuclear power plant ,Computer Simulation ,Food Contamination, Radioactive ,Physics ,Radioisotopes ,Radionuclide ,Radiation ,Models, Statistical ,Detector ,Reproducibility of Results ,Equipment Design ,Beta Particles ,Equipment Failure Analysis ,Fukushima daiichi ,Computer-Aided Design ,Scintillation Counting ,Monte Carlo Method ,Food Analysis - Abstract
The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in March 2011 released radionuclides into the environment. There is concern that 90Sr will be concentrated in seafood. To measure the activities of 90Sr in a short time without chemical processes, we have designed a new detector for measuring activity that obtains count rates using 10 layers of proportional counters that are separated by walls that absorb beta particles. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to confirm that its design is appropriate.
- Published
- 2012
47. High sensitive standard measurement to determine strength of an I-125 brachytherapy source
- Author
-
Takahiro Yamada, Akira Yunoki, Yasushi Sato, Tadahiro Kurosawa, and Yasuhiro Unno
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Computer science ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Brachytherapy ,High sensitive ,Brachytherapy source ,Reliability engineering ,Metrology ,Source strength ,Ionization current ,medicine ,Measuring instrument ,Medical physics ,business ,Quality assurance - Abstract
We are encouraged to contribute to strengthen quality assurance which keeps brachytherapy safe and available. For the purpose, we aspire to determine the source strength and establish national metrological standard in Japan. It is necessary to assemble a high sensitive free air chamber for measurement of ionization current derived from the source which is very weak especially in Japan. Total uncertainty for the source strength is promising to meet required value from users of measurement instruments.
- Published
- 2011
48. Measurement of anisotropic angular distributions of photon energy spectra for I-125 brachytherapy sources
- Author
-
Takahiro Yamada, Akira Yunoki, Tadahiro Kurosawa, Yasushi Sato, Yoshio Hino, and Yasuhiro Unno
- Subjects
Physics ,Range (particle radiation) ,Photons ,Radiation ,Photon ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Brachytherapy ,Radiotherapy Dosage ,Photon energy ,Spectral line ,Iodine Radioisotopes ,Kerma ,Optics ,medicine ,Calibration ,Anisotropy ,Scattering, Radiation ,business ,Radiometry - Abstract
The angular distribution of photon energy spectra emitted from an I-125 brachytherapy source was measured using a specially designed jig in the range of ±70° in the plane of the long axis of the source. It is important to investigate the angular dependence of photon emissions from these sources for the calibration of the air kerma rate. The results show that the influence of the distributions between 0° and ±8° is small enough to allow a calibration using current primary instruments which have a large entrance window.
- Published
- 2011
49. APMP comparison of measurement of surface emission rate of 36Cl large area source (APMP.RI(II)-K2.Cl-36)
- Author
-
Akira Yunoki and Yoshio Hino
- Subjects
Radioisotopes ,Radiation ,Surface emission ,business.industry ,Surface Properties ,Analytical chemistry ,Reference Standards ,Radiation Dosage ,Metrology ,Reference Values ,Area source ,Reference values ,Beta particle ,Environmental science ,NIST ,Chlorine ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,Radiometry ,Reference standards - Abstract
An international comparison of measurement of beta particle surface emission rate from a (36)Cl large area source (APMP.RI(II)-S1.Cl-36) was carried out within the framework of the Asia-Pacific Metrology Program (APMP). Participants from APMP were NMIJ (Japan), KRISS (Korea) and INER (Chinese Taipei). Participants from the other RMOs were NIST (United States), PTB (Germany), NMISA (South Africa) and VNIIM (Russia). All the results of the participants agreed within ±1%. This was the first international comparison of measurement of surface emission rate of beta particle from a large area source.
- Published
- 2011
50. A simple and versatile data acquisition system for software coincidence and pulse-height discrimination in 4πβ-γ coincidence experiments
- Author
-
Takahiro Yamada, Akira Yunoki, Yasushi Sato, Y. Kawada, Yoshio Hino, and Yasuhiro Unno
- Subjects
Radiation ,Clock signal ,business.industry ,FIFO (computing and electronics) ,Computer science ,Information Storage and Retrieval ,Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Equipment Design ,USB ,Coincidence ,law.invention ,Equipment Failure Analysis ,Software ,Data acquisition ,Sampling (signal processing) ,law ,Software Design ,Programming Languages ,business ,Radiometry ,Computer hardware ,Algorithms ,Electronic circuit - Abstract
A simple but versatile data acquisition system for software coincidence experiments is described, in which any time stamping and live time controller are not provided. Signals from β- and γ-channels are fed to separately two fast ADCs (16 bits, 25 MHz clock maximum) via variable delay circuits and pulse-height stretchers, and also to pulse-height discriminators. The discriminating level was set to just above the electronic noise. Two ADCs were controlled with a common clock signal, and triggered simultaneously by the logic OR pulses from both discriminators. Paired digital signals for each sampling were sent to buffer memories connected to main PC with a FIFO (First-In, First-Out) pipe via USB. After data acquisition in list mode, various processing including pulse-height analyses was performed using MS-Excel (version 2007 and later). The usefulness of this system was demonstrated for 4πβ(PS)–4πγ coincidence measurements of 60 Co, 134 Cs and 152 Eu. Possibilities of other extended applications will be touched upon.
- Published
- 2011
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