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Infant mortality rates remain high in many African countries, despite global lowering trends. These high rates are alarming, therefore, this study attempt to examine the effect of malaria and poverty on infant mortality a proxy for child health in Nigeria using a data for the period 1990-2021. Auto-regressive distributed lag model (ARDL) was used as the estimation technique. The study's findings showed that both in the short and long run, poverty rate has a negative non-significant effect on infant mortality while malaria has a positive and significant effect on infant mortality. Government expenditure on health both in the short run and long run is positive and nonsignificant on child health. The current values of primary school enrolment (PSE) and number of physician (NOP) have a negative (-0.014 and -0.0002) non-significant effect on infant mortality in the short, and also negative (-0.501 and -1.654) but significant in the long run. The study recommends that policies that will improve child health and promote poverty reduction should be put in place and well implemented in Nigeria. Also, the government should take measures that will eradicate malaria in Nigeria.

Engagement in informal economic activities serves as a survival strategy for underprivileged majority in developing economies with high level of corruption. Consequently, this study examined the main and interaction effects of informality and corruption on income inequality in Nigeria from 1996 to 2020 using autoregressive distributed lag-bound testing technique. The study result showed evidence of long-run relationship among informality, corruption and income inequality. The main effects of informality and corruption on income inequality are negative and statistically significant in both the short and long run. However, corruption reduction in a year was found to reduce income inequality in the subsequent year. Furthermore, the interaction effect of informality and corruption on income inequality was found to be negative and statistically significance in both the short run and the long run. Corruption reduction was found to be a necessary but not sufficient condition for reduction of inequality. Consequently, this study recommended creation of socioeconomic environment conducive for the growth, expansion and eventual formalization of informal businesses. The study also recommended that inequality-reduction be made the end goal of corruption-reduction by ensuring that the proceeds from successful anticorruption campaign are channelled to policies and public projects which redistribute income to the less privileged.

This study examines the effects of traditional energy consumption and poverty on the health status of rural dwellers in Nigeria. In an attempt to critically examine the effect of the consumption of traditional energy and poverty on the health status of rural dwellers in Nigeria, this study employs a primary survey and collects data from 1044 respondents in three (3) senatorial districts in Osun State, Nigeria. Initial findings reveal that the socio-economic conditions of households in rural areas in Osun state are significant in explaining traditional energy consumption. Additional findings further reveals that income as a proxy for poverty and energy consumption for cooking and lighting is significant in explaining the health status of rural dwellers in Nigeria. This study recommends that government should endeavour to make clean and modern energy technologies available to rural households in Osun and Nigeria in general as a practical step to addressing the poverty level and health challenges of rural dwellers. This invariably implies that government should also prioritize alleviating the people from their poor economic conditions with a view to enabling them afford clean and modern energy technologies for their energy needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Developing countries in the factor-driven stage of development are usually bedevilled by domestic supply-side constraints which hinder translation of their comparative advantages to development. This study examines the domestic supply-side determinants to intra-Africa export performance in selected African countries. The study analysed 1994 to 2019 panel data of the biggest economies in each of the five African sub-regions, using pooled mean group (PMG) technique. The result from the study revealed capital formation, institutional quality, macroeconomic stability, technology adoption and infrastructure as significant long-run determinants of intra-Africa export performance while size of labour force was found to be insignificant long-run determinant of intra-Africa export share. All short-run coefficients of explanatory variables except one period lag of infrastructure and capital formation were insignificant. The coefficient of error correction term was negative and statistically significant. Based on the findings of this study macroeconomic stability, infrastructural development, pro-market institutions, capital formation and technology adoption are imperative for intra-Africa export performance in the studied countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Irregular and reduction in income as a result of retirement places a great burden on retirees especially in the area of health. Retirees because of age are more likely to be hypertensive with greater demand for increased health spending. Therefore, this study provides new information on the effect of income reduction on the health status of retired hypertensive subjects in South-Western Nigeria. Methods: A structured questionnaire was administered to 247 respondents from three specialist clinics in Oyo and Osun States, Nigeria between January and October 2019. Information obtained includes demographic characteristics, health financing methods, and coping strategies. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression methods. Findings: The study revealed that pensions paid were irregular to most of the retirees. Support from children was largely a source of support to these retirees as posited by 45.3% of study participants and the children have been financing their medical expenses. Using logistic regression, age (B=- 4.87, p<0.05) had a significant negative relationship with the health status of retirees. Also, education (B=1.260), spouse occupation (B=1.182), spouse average income (B=2.314), and monthly pension (B=1.831) had a positive relationship with the health status of the retirees. Conclusion: The income shortfall of retired hypertensive subjects has a significant negative impact on their health status. Enhancing health financing and adopting highly subsidized health care plans for the elderly will go a long way to reduce unwarranted deaths in our elderly population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A good performance of the manufacturing sector is germane to the development of any economy. Hence, this study examined the relationships between trade openness and manufacturing sector output in 12 selected countries in West Africa. Specifically, it investigated whether trade growth, employment growth, investment growth, exchange rate growth and inflation rate impacted on manufacturing sector performance in the selected countries over the period from 1980 to 2019. Most of the earlier studies had been a time series analysis but this study differs in that the panel data series were analyzed using econometric techniques which included Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS). This was to determine the magnitude of impacts of the explanatory variables on the manufacturing sector. The results of FMOLS and DOLS therefore, revealed that all the coefficients are positively associated and significant with manufacturing sector output except for trade openness that is not significant and inflation rate is negatively significant. This paper based on the findings of this study, therefore, recommends that the region needs to strengthen its involvement in trade liberalization and also sustain foreign policies that would attract more foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relationships among energy consumption, environmental issues and other macroeconomic variables provide an extensive literature for a large number of studies across the world. Existing studies have explored the nature and direction of the linkage between energy consumption, income, electricity price, inflation, exchange rate and trade openness. However, relationship among ICT development, energy consumption and environmental quality has received little attention particularly among Economic Community of West African States. This study investigated the dynamic linkages among energy consumption, ICT development and environmental quality using the panel of 6 countries in West Africa using data from U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) and World Development Indicators and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). It was found that carbon dioxide emissions increased energy consumption. Also, mobile telephone subscription had negative but insignificant relationship with environmental quality and fixed line subscription has significant negative impact on environmental quality within the period under study. In addition, environmental damage increased as economies of these selected countries grew, hence, there is no inverted U-shape relationship found between economic growth and environmental quality. The results obviously would facilitate the policy planners to formulate related policies in line with carbon free economy thereby enhancing sustainable development in selected countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consumption of energy and its resulting effect on the population health is very crucial to the development of any nation. Hence, this study investigated the interactive effect of poverty and energy consumption on life expectancy in Nigeria from 1980 to 2017. Secondary data were used for the study. Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) approach was used to anaylse the time series data. The study revealed that poverty had negative and significant impact on life expectancy in the short-run and in the long-run. Also, energy consumption had positive and significant impact on life expectancy in the longrun. The coefficient of interactive effect of poverty and energy consumption is negative and significant on life expectancy in the short run and in the long-run. This result affirms that fossil fuel consumptions dominate energy consumption mix in Nigeria which showed that majority of Nigerian populace do not have access to renewable energy. This fact is buttressed by the coefficient of interactive effect of poverty and petroleum products consumption on life expectancy which is negative and significant in both short run and long-run. Therefore, in order to increase the life expectancy in Nigeria, government should reduce poverty and also ensure that people make use of clean energy that is healthy as a source of energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the commonest cause of mortality worldwide. Many risk factors predate the development of cardiovascular diseases. Adequate knowledge of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is the first step towards effective preventive strategies to combat the cardiovascular diseases burden in any population. This study aims to determine the knowledge of workers in a Nigerian University on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 206 academic and non-academic staff of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria using the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire (HDFQ). Demographic data were taken. The lipid profile and random blood sugar were taken. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 17.0. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 45.3 ± 7.9 years. There were 96 males (46.6%). The mean HDFQ score was 48.6%. Only 41 (19.9%) of participants were assessed to have good knowledge of heart disease risk factors. Majority, 101 (49.0%) had poor knowledge while 64 (31.2%) had fair knowledge of heart disease risk factors. There was no significant difference between prevalence of CV risk factors between those with good or fair or low level of knowledge. Most participants did not have a good level of knowledge about risk factors, prevention, treatment and association with diabetes as it relates to heart diseases. Conclusion: Knowledge of heart disease risk factors is low among University workers in Nigeria. Effective education on heart disease risk factors and appropriate preventive strategies are indeed important to reduce cardiovascular disease burden in Nigerian University communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the commonest cause of mortality worldwide. Many risk factors predate the development of cardiovascular diseases. Adequate knowledge of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is the first step towards effective preventive strategies to combat the cardiovascular diseases burden in any population. This study aims to determine the knowledge of workers in a Nigerian University on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases., Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 206 academic and non-academic staff of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria using the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire (HDFQ). Demographic data were taken. The lipid profile and random blood sugar were taken. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 17.0., Results: The mean age of the study participants was 45.3 ± 7.9 years. There were 96 males (46.6%). The mean HDFQ score was 48.6%. Only 41 (19.9%) of participants were assessed to have good knowledge of heart disease risk factors. Majority, 101 (49.0%) had poor knowledge while 64 (31.2%) had fair knowledge of heart disease risk factors. There was no significant difference between prevalence of CV risk factors between those with good or fair or low level of knowledge. Most participants did not have a good level of knowledge about risk factors, prevention, treatment and association with diabetes as it relates to heart diseases., Conclusion: Knowledge of heart disease risk factors is low among University workers in Nigeria. Effective education on heart disease risk factors and appropriate preventive strategies are indeed important to reduce cardiovascular disease burden in Nigerian University communities.