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Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumour with a peak occurrence in adolescence. The occurrence of osteosarcoma in preadolescents is rare with a paucity of data in the developing world. Metastasis of osteosarcoma to the orbit is even a rarer presentation with few cases reported in the literature but to the best of the researchers’ knowledge, none of the previous cases had contralateral orbital metastasis to osteosarcoma. This is the first case report of orbital metastasis of osteosarcoma in Nigeria. The present case is presented for its rarity, to increase awareness and add to knowledge on the possibility of metastasis to contralateral orbit in osteosarcoma.

Infantile masturbation is a benign, paroxysmal, non-epileptic condition with stereotypic stiffening of the body/limbs, copulatory-like thrusting/rocking of the pelvis and somatosensory symptoms. It usually occurs without direct genital stimulation thus, making it easily misdiagnosed as epilepsy. A 12-month-old girl presented with a one-month history of 'jerking' with no fever or altered consciousness. The event usually stopped with distraction. The frequency and duration of events worsened progressively. Epilepsy was suspected initially but a subsequent review of a video recording showed a conscious female child with intermittent rhythmic rocking/thrusting of the pelvis while lying prone, making epilepsy unlikely. Infantile masturbation was diagnosed and the parents were counselled on behavioural therapy (distractions). The frequency and duration of the events progressively declined until complete resolution by six years of age. The characteristics of the events remained similar overtime except for occasional tucking of her clothes into her vagina at age five years. This report is accompanied by a review of the relevant literature on infantile masturbation.

The therapeutic efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and zinc sulphate on di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-induced testicular oxido-nitrergic stress in rats was investigated in 36 male Wistar rats (170 ± 10 g) randomly assigned into one of six groups (n = 6). Group 1 (control) received 2.5 ml/kg of distilled water for 42 days, while group 2 (vehicle) received 2.5 ml/kg of corn oil for 42 days. Groups 3,4,5, and 6 were administered DEHP (750 mg/kg/day) for 21 days, after which groups 4, 5, and 6 received zinc sulphate (0.5 mg/kg/day), NAC (100 mg/kg/day), and zinc sulphate (0.5 mg/kg/day) + NAC (100 mg/kg/day) for an additional 21 days respectively. After the experimental period, the animals were euthanized by light thiopental sodium, and their testes were carefully dissected out for histological and biochemical assays. The result shows a significant alteration in testicular levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, antioxidant enzymes, total antioxidant capacity, sulphydryl levels, dehydrogenases and testicular architecture following the administration of DEHP. These effects were reversed by coadministration of NAC and zinc sulphate in the study. We therefore concluded that the combined effects of NAC and ZnSO 4 effectively improved testicular antioxidant status and reduced testicular nitregic stress, thus improving testicular architecture and functions., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Background: The 6-minute walk test (6MWT), a simple, reliable, and valid test that uses the distance walked in 6 minute walk distance (6MWD) to quantify functional capacity, is widely used in the management of chronic disorders. However, the absence of reference standards from sub-Saharan African, including Nigerian, school-aged children limits its utility in this age group., Objectives: To develop normative values and equations for the 6MWD of school-aged Nigerian children., Methods: In a cross-sectional study, healthy children aged 6-11 years in Lagos, Nigeria, completed the 6MWT on 20-m-long straight outdoor courses in their schools. The primary outcome was the 6MWD in meters while potential predictors included demographic (age, sex), anthropometric (height, weight, chest circumference, leg length) and physiologic variables (pre-walk, immediate post-walk, and fifth min-post-walk heart rate [HR], oxygen saturation [SpO 2 ], systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], and rating of perceived exertion [RPE]; and the difference between pre-walk and post-walk HR [∆HR], SpO 2 [∆SpO 2 ], SBP [∆SBP], DBP [∆DBP], and RPE [∆RPE])., Results: Overall, 627 pupils (52.1% girls) walked 504.6 ± 66.6 m (95% CI: 499.4, 509.8; range: 326.6-673.0 m); 16 m longer in boys (p = 0.002). A stepwise linear regression model yielded: 6MWD (m) = 347.9 + 14(Age years ) + 1.6 (∆HR beats/min ) + 17.6(Sex male=1, female=0 ) + 1.2(∆SBP mmHg ); R 2  = 0.25. Previously published reference equations mostly over-estimated Nigerian children's 6MWD., Conclusion: These reference standards add to the global normative data on pediatric 6MWT and may be useful for the functional evaluation of Nigerian school-aged children with chronic childhood disorders., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Cadmium (Cd) is known to affect reproductive functions adversely. Carpolobia lutea is a protective herbal derivative due to its antioxidant potential. This study investigates the steroidogenic activities of methanol extract of Carpolobia lutea root on cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rats. Carpolobia lutea root was obtained in Ijare via Akure. The plant was authenticated at the herbarium of Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), Ibadan, Nigeria, with FHI number 109784. The methanol extract Carpolobia lutea root (MCL) was obtained by Soxhlet extraction. Thirty male Wistar rats (150-170g) were used in this study (n=5) and treated as follows: Control, Cd (2 mg/kg), Cd+MCL (2 mg/kg+100 mg/kg), Cd+MCL (2 mg/kg+200 mg/kg), MCL (100 mg/kg), and MCL (200 mg/kg). The extract was administered orally for eight weeks, and a single dose of 2 mg/kg Cd was given intraperitoneally. Serum Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone levels, testicular hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs) activities and Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory protein (StAR) expression were evaluated. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics and analysed using ANOVA at p<0.05. Serum FSH, LH, testosterone levels, 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD activities and StAR expression were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in Cd group. The co-administration of Cd with MCL (200mg/kg) significantly increased (p<0.05) serum FSH, LH, testosterone levels, 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD activities and StAR expression when compared with Cd group. Carpolobia lutea root extract improved steroidogenic activity in male Wistar rats exposed to cadmium.

Objective: Oxidative stress is a mechanism of cadmium-induced reproductive dysfunction. Carpolobia lutea is a free radical scavenger. Our study investigated the potential protective effects of Carpolobia lutea root methanol extract against cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity., Methods: We obtained the Carpolobia lutea root in Akure, and it was authenticated at the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN) herbarium, Ibadan, Nigeria, with FHI number 109784. We used Soxhlet extraction to obtain its methanol extract. We used thirty male Wistar rats (150-170g) in this study, (n=5 per group), and treated them as follows: Control (1 ml/kg normal saline), Cd (2 mg/kg), Cd+MCL (2 mg/kg+100 mg/kg), Cd+MCL (2 mg/kg+200 mg/kg), MCL (100 mg/kg), MCL (200 mg/kg). We administered Carpolobia lutea orally for 8 weeks. We administered a single dose of 2 mg/kg of cadmium intraperitoneally. We assessed the sperm profile using a computer-aided sperm analyzer. Under microscopy, we determined the sperm acrosome reaction and the DNA damage. We measured the seminal fructose level using spectrophotometry, and the data were analyzed using ANOVA at p<0.05., Results: Cd+MCL (2mg/kg+200 mg/kg) significantly increased sperm count (339.0±25.0 vs. 29.0±4.5 million/mL), motility (80.0±0.2 vs. 55.0±4.9%), viability (68.7±2.7 vs. 31.3±2.9%) and decreased abnormal sperm (28.3±1.7 vs. 43.3±2.5%), relative to the cadmium group. Cd+MCL (2mg/kg+200 mg/kg) significantly increased acrosome reaction (68.0±7.5 vs. 15.2±2.4%) and seminal fructose level (0.49±0.06 vs. 0.28±0.06 mmol/L) relative to the cadmium group. Cd+MCL (2mg/kg+200 mg/kg) significantly decreased sperm DNA damage (14.1±1.6 vs. 35.9±5.3%) in relation to the cadmium group., Conclusions: Carpolobia lutea root extract improves the sperm variables of rats exposed to cadmium.

Pre-colonial Africa prides itself on adherence to diverse cultural affinity and traditional belief systems, which defines the place of women in respect to land access, use and ownership. Land resources continue to play important roles in both agrarian and industrial societies; thus the absence of effective land management and gender construction in land allocations has deepened gender inequality, restricted women's capacity building and agricultural development in Africa. This article explores the impact of traditional African practices and cultural beliefs on women's land ownership and use, and also reconciles women's land rights (access and control) with the realities of land reform in post-colonial Africa. It explores how gender inequalities, in terms of land ownership and rights, have jeopardized attempts at agricultural productivity and sustainable development in Africa. However, it is tasking to 'universalize' African culture and locate it in a center, due to the diverse cultural values found in Africa. However, there are certain belief systems that run through most African communities, such as the denial of women's land rights and the patriarchal nature of societies. Thus, the article found that, despite the development of legal frameworks that expand women's property rights, cases of cultural impediments to the exercise of land rights abound in Africa.

This data article describes the dataset on the digital technologies and applications used by architectural firms in the delivery of building projects. The data set was sourced through a questionnaire survey of 75 registered architectural firms in Abuja, Nigeria. The survey was conducted between December 2017 and January 2018 in the study area. The data, which were analyzed using descriptive statistics, contain the characteristics of architectural firms in Abuja that participated in the survey, the different stand-alone and integrated data acquisition, creation, processing, storage and communication/exchange technologies, applications and tools and intelligent systems the firms use in building procurement process. In addition, the advantages and challenges associated with the use of digital technologies in the procurement of building projects by architectural firms in the study area are also presented in this dataset.

This dataset covers an investigation into awareness and adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) in town planning firms in Lagos state, Nigeria. A survey of thirty (30) town planning firms in Lagos state, Nigeria was conducted. The survey was carried out between January to March 2017 by the use of questionnaires. The dataset contains responses on the factors that influence ICT usage, barriers and constraints of ICT usage. The five (5) point Likert scale was used for quantitative data analysis. The data can help identify the level of ICT usage, identify areas of concern and solutions can be proffered based on the results of the analysis.

Aim: We studied sleep patterns, sleep problems and associated socio-demographic factors among children aged one year to 12 years in Lagos, Nigeria., Methods: This prospective hospital-based study involved 432 children (55% males) who came for routine paediatric care at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. Information on socio-demographics, sleeping patterns and specific sleep disorders was obtained., Results: The mean age of the subjects was 5.4 ± 3.3 years. Night sleep duration decreased significantly with age from 9.6 ± 1.3 hours at one to four years to 8.7 ± 1.0 hours at nine years to 12 years (p < 0.001). There was no significant gender difference in bedtimes (p = 0.057), rise times (p = 0.095) and night sleep duration (p = 0.191). Most (70%) napped during the day, and 26% of these did so on a regular basis. The most common sleep problems were enuresis (42%), afraid of sleeping alone (38%), snoring (28%) and sleep talking (24%). There was no significant association between sleep duration (p > 0.05), sleep problems (p > 0.05) and socio-demographic characteristics. Comparisons with other studies showed that the children had shorter sleep duration than peers in other countries and regions and a higher prevalence of sleep disorders., Conclusion: Children in Nigeria had shorter sleep duration and more sleep problems than children in other international studies., (©2018 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The retention of clients of professional service practitioners is often dependent on their satisfaction with the services they obtain. This article presents data on the factors that influence the satisfaction of clients with architectural services in Lagos State, Nigeria. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey research, which adopted random sampling of clients from six estates in the State. The questionnaire was used as an instrument for the survey. The response rate was 81.3%. The dataset is made available in tables and charts of frequencies and means. The data are of interest to researchers in the professional service organisation, management and those in the decision sciences. The data could also be of interest to practitioners who may further analyse the data to develop business strategies to satisfy their clients.

This survey data examined the factors influencing commuters' perception of environmental quality in the selected intra-urban motor parks of Ibeju Lekki, Ifako Ijaiye and Ikeja local government areas, Lagos State, Nigeria. A survey of 376 commuters was carried out. The purposive sampling technique was used for the survey while the sampling procedure evolved from the identification of the study area to the administration of questionnaire with commuters in the motor parks. Data were analyzed using descriptive (likert scale outputs) and inferential statistical techniques (factor analysis for data reduction and categorization). The datasets can be considered in the transport and environmental policies of Lagos State and Nigeria with a view to engendering a conducive environment in the intra-urban motor parks of Lagos State, Nigeria.

Low energy houses are forms of housing that use less energy from the design, technologies and building products from any source than a traditional or average contemporary house. The survey dataset examines architect׳s awareness and adoption of building envelope technologies (BET) for energy efficient housing in Lagos State, Nigeria. The dataset was based on seventy-four (74) returned questionnaires of both registered and non-registered Architects. A multistage sampling that involved cluster sampling and random sampling of architects in Lagos State was adopted. Descriptive statistical tools were used to present the dataset. The dataset contains the intent of promoting energy sustainability by architect while designing their building envelopes, the awareness of the building envelope strategies to adopt, factors influencing their adoption of these strategies, strategies that can be adopted to improve adoption of building envelope technologies for energy efficiency in housing units. The dataset can be used for evolving housing energy policy by decision makers.

Architects that specialize in designing cultural centers have often been accused of providing spaces that become obsolete in the coming years. This is because as technology and time changes, requirements also change, necessitating new arrangement of spaces. Very few of the spaces provided in cultural centers can however be adapted to other uses. This has affected the sustainability of those spaces. These data present the perceptions of users on the need for, and the features that enhance flexibility in cultural centers. The data were obtained from a questionnaire survey of users of the three (3) cultural centers in Nigeria. The survey was conducted between October and November 2017. The data may facilitate the evidence-based approaches to facilitate improved built environment and will be useful to built environment professionals, policy makers and design researchers.

The survey data was obtained from a study that investigated factors responsible for the patronage of the traders on the pedestrian bridges along Ikorodu road, Lagos state, Nigeria. Survey research was adopted for this investigation while data were primarily sourced. The sample frame adopted for this study was the average total number of people using the pedestrian bridges per day along Ikorodu road was estimated as 240,380, while the sample size was 384, based on Cochran׳s sample size formula. The convenience, non-probability sampling technique was used for the survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency tables) and inferential statistics techniques (factor analysis for data reduction and categorization, communalities of variables and KMO) while Likert scale was used as a means of measurement. The datasets can be considered in the commerce and environmental policies of Lagos State and Nigeria with a view to recommending policies that will encourage easy movement of people and the effective uses of the transport facilities.

Objective: The use of amodiaquine (AQ) and its associated toxic effect has been a major public health concern since cases of life-threatening agranulocytosis and hepatic toxicity were reported during its prophylactic use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hematological safety profile of AQ therapy., Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed into four groups (n=5). Group 1 was the control, while groups 2, 3, and 4 received AQ treatment for 14 days at varying doses of 5 mg/kgBW, 10 mg/kgBW, and 15 mg/kgBW daily, respectively., Results: Following treatment, hematological variables were comparable in all groups (P>0.05)., Conclusion: This study provides evidence to support the use of AQ in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. However, to prevent emergence of local drug resistance, it should be used as part of a combination therapy. Monitoring for adverse effects is suggested.