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Abstract Colonoscopies are widely available, but there are cases where insertion can be difficult, even for experienced endoscopists. EC-760XP/L, a new ultrasmall-diameter long scope, may be useful in such cases. This single-center retrospective study included 39 cases where colonoscope insertion was difficult even when previously conducted by an experienced endoscopist. The primary outcome was the cecal intubation time using EC-760XP/L compared to the time used in a previous examination with a standard scope. The secondary outcomes were the cecum intubation rate, intestinal cleanliness level, adenoma detection rate, polyp detection rate, sedative use rate, occurrence of adverse events, and pain experience. A comparison of cecal intubation times between EC-760XP/L and the standard scope showed that insertion times were significantly lower with EC-760XP/L (9.5 min) compared to the standard scope (19 min) (p

The in vitro drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test (DLST)is used to diagnose drug allergies, but the detection rate of this method is lower than that of in vivo test methods. On the other hand, tiie measurement of cytokines produced by lymphocytes is considered to be more sensitive than DLST and important for knowing the type of allergy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the measurement of three cytokines (IL-2, IL-5, IFN-y) can be used to idaitify the causative agents of drug allergies.却propriate collection time of cytokines was determined by culturing human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with a non-specific stimulator, phytohemagglutinin P (PHA). The expression of three cytokines mRNA and the production of IL-2 peaked on the second day, vMe IL- 5 and IFN-y gradually increased from the second day onward to the eighth day. Therefore, the cytokine collection time was set to 2 days and 7 days after culture. Furthermore, it was revealed that cytokine production was dramatically irqroved by using a V-shaped culture vessel instead of a flat bottom culture vesseL When cytokines were measured by this method, the results of people suspected of having cedar pollinosis and metal allergies were consistent with those of DLST. Furdiermore, when this method was 叩plied to drug allergy, it was found that chloramphenicol, xiich did not react with DLST, induces IL-2, IL-5, and IFN-7 production. This suggests that cytokine measurement may be a better method for determining drug allergy than traditional DLST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]