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Abstract Background Although neurologic sequela is a recognized complication after interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB), there is a paucity of information on how severe and persistent neuropathy occurs and develops. Case presentation A healthy high school soccer goalkeeper was scheduled for an arthroscopic Bankart repair. After continuous ISB for 2 days, sensation in the C5 and C6 areas and motor function did not return. With symptomatic drug treatment for neuropathic pain and rigorous rehabilitation, recovery of sensory loss and muscle weakness were gradually observed around 1 to 2 months after surgery. He returned to sport 1 year after surgery. Conclusion This report is the first detailed description of a case who incurred severe and persistent nerve injury after continuous ISB yet recovered nearly fully to return to being an athlete. The present case should also underscore the importance of close observation after surgery in cases where a patient receives continuous ISB.

Abstract Background Vertebral artery dissection (VAD) sometimes has no specific symptoms and is difficult to differentiate from other forms of headache. Case presentation A woman in her thirties had a severe, throbbing left-sided headache. A migraine without aura was suspected and zolmitriptan was administered, which alleviated the symptoms. The woman was consequently deemed to have a migraine without aura. Despite the lack of abnormal neurological findings and showed no abnormalities on cranial computed tomography, her symptoms were not typical for migraines and showed little improvement with therapy. She therefore underwent a cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination, which revealed VAD, for which she was transferred to the department of neurosurgery for conservative treatment. Conclusion The possibility of vertebral artery dissection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of severe secondary headaches, and prompt diagnosis and treatment based on detailed MRI and magnetic resonance angiography examinations should be performed.