Search

The incidence of human papilloma virus–mediated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has increased over the past 40 years, particularly among young individuals with a favorable prognosis; however, current therapy often leads to unfortunate side effects, such as dysphagia. Despite the emphasis on dysphagia in previous studies, there is an important research gap in understanding the correlation between neuronal changes and patient-reported and functional outcomes in patients with OPSCC. To address this issue, we examined pathologic tissue samples from patients with OPSCC using multiplex immunofluorescence staining and machine learning to correlate tumor-associated neuronal changes with prospectively collected patient-reported and functional outcomes. We found that tumor enrichment of adrenergic (TH+) and CGRP+ sensory–afferent nerves correlated with poorer swallowing outcomes. Functional electromyography recordings showed correlations between growing (GAP43+) and immature cholinergic (ChAT+DCX+) nerves and denervation patterns in survivors of OPSCC. A murine model of radiation-induced dysphagia further confirmed that immature cholinergic and CGRP+ nerves were correlated with impaired swallowing. Preclinical interventional studies also supported the independent contributions of CGRP+ and cholinergic (ChAT+) nerves to dysphagia in treated mouse models of OPSCC. Our results suggest that CGRP+ and ChAT+ neuronal signaling play distinct roles in tumor- and radiation-induced dysphagia in OPSCC and offer a comprehensive dataset on the neural landscape of OPSCC. These insights may guide early interventions for swallow preservation and the repurposing of neurology-related drugs, such as CGRP blockers, in clinical oncology and survivorship. Editor's summary: Patients with human papilloma virus (HPV)–mediated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) often have a good prognosis; however, standard of care treatment often leads to poor side effects such as dysphagia. To better understand this link, Islam et al. evaluated patient sample neural landscapes and correlated these with patient outcomes. They saw that tumor enrichment of adrenergic and CGRP+ nerves correlated with worse swallowing outcomes. They further evaluated this mechanism in a mouse model and suggest that CGRP blockers may help preserve swallow function in patients; however, this will require further study. —Dorothy Hallberg [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To determine the role of the intraoperative frozen section in diagnosing ovarian masses. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Surgical Oncology, Government Medical College Srinagar, over three years. Patients with ovarian neoplasm were subjected to an intraoperative frozen section, and the results were compared with the final histopath. Results: A total of 266 cases were studied, of which 37.9% were benign, 7.8% were borderline and 55.2% were malignant. Among benign, Surface epithelial 58.4%, Germ cells 19.8%, Sex cord 7.9%, and others 13.8%.Among Malignant, Surface epithelial 81.6%, Germ cells 10.2%, Sex cord 4.08%, and others 4.08%. Conclusion: Frozen section biopsy allows the surgeon to establish a rapid diagnosis and avoid unnecessary staging laparotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, boron-doped diamond nanoparticles modified on the surface of a screen-printed electrode (SPE) were prepared for the sensitive and selective determination of Sb3+ using square wave voltammetry. The effect of electrochemical parameters such as the type of supporting electrolyte, pH, signal per background, and scan rate on the sensitivity of the sensor for the detection of Sb3+ was investigated. Under optimized conditions with an amplitude of 0.05 V, a frequency of 50 Hz, and an E-step of 0.05 V, the square wave voltammogram between -1.0 and 1.0 V gave a limit of detection of 2.41 × 10-8 M for an Sb3+ concentration range from 0.19 to 0.59 µM. The method was used to determine Sb3+ ions in river water with satisfactory results. The modified electrode displayed benefits such as high sensitivity and selectivity, long-term stability, easy preparation, and wide linear range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this review is to comprehend the treatment outcome of different PNS cancer histologies and their survival. Materials and Procedures: A review of our institutional database from January 2010 to December 2022 included 122 sinonasal cancer patients. After exclusions, 84 patients whose data sets were complete underwent analysis. Overall survival (OS), loco-regional failure-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastases-free survival (DMFS) were the measured endpoints. Results: With a median follow-up time of 26 months, there was no correlation detected between histological type and OS, LRFS, or DMFS. It was discovered that the type of treatment technique was substantially related to LRFS. Surgery plus adjuvant radiation and/or chemotherapy had a minor tendency to be significant in terms of OS, with a median OS of 56 months (95% CI: 38.6–73.3). Conclusions: It showed that the use of different treatment modalities had an impact on LRFS, while the type of histology did not correlate with the effectiveness of the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recycling of sodium borohydride poses a huge challenge to the drive towards a hydrogen economy. Currently, mechano-chemical, thermo-chemical and electrochemical are the only reported methods of recycling sodium metaborate into sodium borohydride. Much attention has been devoted to the mechano-chemical and thermo-chemical methods of reduction, but little focus has been devoted to electrochemical methods. This review describes the electrochemical behaviour of borohydride (BH4−) and metaborate (BO2−) anions in alkaline solutions. The BH4− is stabilized in highly concentrated alkaline solutions, while the electro-oxidation of BH4− is dependent on the type of electrode material. The attempts to electro-reduce the BO2− into BH4− is reviewed and the challenges, suggestions and future outlook of electro-reduction for the recycling of BO2− into BH4− is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]