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Ketoconazole is a first orally available anti-fungal drug which has been reported as a potent inhibitor of human cytochrome P-450. The present study was designed to examine the heptoprotective effect of ketoconazole in both in vitro and in vivo liver injury models. Hepatocyte injury was induced by 8mM CCl4 while hepatic fibrosis model was established by injecting 1 ml/kg CCl4 followed by treatment with ketoconazole. Effect of ketoconazole treatment on injured hepatocytes was determined by lactate dehydrogenase release and trypan blue assay. Analysis of ketoconazole treatment and prevention on liver fibrosis was assessed by sirius red staining, masson trichome staining, PCR and liver function tests for bilirubin and alanine transaminase (ALAT).A significant reduction (P<0.05) in LDH release and reduced number of dead cells was observed in hepatocytes treated with ketoconazole. Sirus red and masson trichome stainings showed reduced levels of collagen in both treated and preventive groups and down regulation of alpha smooth muscle actin was observed with up-regulations of MMP-2, CK-8 and CK-18. Hepatic functional assessment demonstrated reduced serum levels of bilirubin and ALAT. Treatment of fibrotic liver with ketoconazole improves hepatic microenvironment and enhanced reduction of liver injury after fibrosis. Cytochrome P-450 inhibitors seems a favored therapeutic option in attenuation of liver fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral health is a cardinal element of nutritional as well as systemic well-being and plays a substantial part in sustaining optimum general health condition. Various factors influence oral health including metabolic diseases such as endocrine, hematological, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and neurological diseases. The intent of this review is to highlight the treatment as well as prevention strategies for one of the most devastating repercussions of chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) on the oral cavity in the form of oral mucositis (OM). A review of literature was performed using relevant key words ("Mucositis" OR "Oral Mucositis" OR "Oral Stomatitis" AND "Treatment of Mucositis" OR "Treatment of Oral Mucositis" OR "Treatment of Oral Stomatitis" AND "Prevention of Mucositis" OR "Prevention of Oral Mucositis" OR "Prevention of Oral Stomatitis") in prominent journals pertaining to Oncology and Dentistry (CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, Cancer, Frontiers in Oncology, Journal of Clinical Oncology, and Oral Oncology). It is basically sequelae of CT, RT, and radiochemotherapy in patients suffering from malignant diseases as well as those who require hematopoietic stem cell transplants. In addition to its negative effects on the oral cavity and consequently on the overall quality of life, OM may lead to delay in cancer treatment which incriminates in a poor prognosis of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of intranasal splints in the prevention of nasal adhesion following septal surgery. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Place and Duration of Study: Ear, nose and throat (ENT) Department, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Kharian, from Aug 2014 to Dec 2015. Material and Methods: Patients undergoing septal surgery fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected. All the patients were randomly allocated a group (A or B) by using the random numbers table. All surgeries were performed by consultant ENT surgeons under general anaesthesia. After septal surgery in group A, both the nostrils were packed with simple nasal packing using vaseline gauze packs. In group B, silastic nasal splint was placed on operated side only and both the nostrils were packed with vaseline gauze packs. Vaseline gauze nasal packs were removed 48 hrs postoperatively. Nasal splint was removed after seven days of surgery. Nasal cavities were inspected for adhesions after 2 weeks from the date of operation. For follow up sconac number of patients was recorded. Results: In our study, out of 234 cases (117 in each group), 57.26% (n=67) in group-A and 53.85% (n=63) in group-B were between 16-30 years of age while 42.74% (n=50) in group-A and 446.15% (n=54) in group-B were between 31-55 years of age, mean ± SD was calculated as 31.45 ± 6.41 and 30.57 ± 4.54 years in group-A and B respectively, 62.39% (n=73) in group-A and 68.38% (n=80) in group-B were male while 37.61% (n=44) in group-A and 31.62% (n=37) in group-B were females, comparison of the efficacy of intranasal splints in the prevention of nasal adhesion following septal surgery was recorded as 86.32% (n=101) in group-A and 96.58% (n=113) in group-B while remaining 13.68% (n=16) in group-A and 3.42% (n=4) developed nasal adhesion. A p-value was calculated as 0.000, showing a significant difference. Conclusion: We concluded that the frequency of efficacy of intranasal splints for the prevention of nasal adhesion following septal surgery is significantly higher when compared with nasal packing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-diabetic effect of crude Pistacia lentiscus gum (mastic gum) in alloxan-treated diabetic rat model. The crude P. lentiscus (100 mg/kg) showed significant (p<0.001) reduction in blood glucose as compared to control. Liver function test also showed significant changes (p<0.001) as compared to alloxan-treated group. The results of this study showed that crude P. lentiscus gum have considerable efficacy in curing diabetes and have hepatoprotective effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impaired diabetic wounds are serious pathophysiological complications associated with persistent microbial infections including failure in the closure of wounds, and the cause of a high frequency of lower limb amputations. The healing of diabetic wounds is attenuated due to the lack of secretion of growth factors, prolonged inflammation, and/or inhibition of angiogenic activity. Diabetic wound healing can be enhanced by supplying nitric oxide (NO) endogenously or exogenously. NO produced inside the cells by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) naturally aids wound healing through its beneficial vasculogenic effects. However, during hyperglycemia, the activity of eNOS is affected, and thus there becomes an utmost need for the topical supply of NO from exogenous sources. Thus, NO-donors that can release NO are loaded into wound healing patches or wound coverage matrices to treat diabetic wounds. The burst release of NO from its donors is prevented by encapsulating them in polymeric hydrogels or nanoparticles for supplying NO for an extended duration of time to the diabetic wounds. In this article, we review the etiology of diabetic wounds, wound healing strategies, and the role of NO in the wound healing process. We further discuss the challenges faced in translating NO-donors as a clinically viable nanomedicine strategy for the treatment of diabetic wounds with a focus on the use of biomaterials for the encapsulation and in vivo controlled delivery of NO-donors., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)