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The organometallics like ZDDPs are widely used as multifunctional additives in lubricants for imparting antiwear, antioxidant, and corrosion inhibitor activity. Since it has toxic elements like P, Zn, and S so it is an environmentally toxic, non‐biodegradable, and ash‐forming additive. In automotive emissions, it also causes poisoning in catalytic converters. Due to environmental concerns, it is an issue of awareness to discover less toxic alternatives for these multifunctional additives despite their potent and economical properties. In this work, MO was reacted in a stoichiometric ratio with Tga, giving the intermediate compound MO‐Tga through thiol‐ene coupling. Subsequently, the reaction of MO‐Tga with PPA gave a novel multifunctional additive MO‐Tga‐PPA. The molecular characteristics and thermal stability of MO‐Tga‐PPA were studied using techniques like NMR, FTIR, and TGA. The additive was doped at various concentrations such as 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 ppm in polyol to examine their antiwear, antifriction, antioxidant, and anticorrosion performance. It reveals the maximum reduction of 53.85% in the average COF and 25.51% in AWSD at 5000 ppm. The antioxidant activity shows a maximum free radicals inhibition of 97.9% at 3000 ppm using the DPPH. As far as the anticorrosion activity is concerned, the values for the penetration rate, corrosion rate, and weight loss were reduced to 0.015 mpy, 0.082 mdd, and 0.08 mg from the observed values of 0.114 mpy, 0.62 mdd, and 0.60 mg in polyol base oil was observed at 4000 ppm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to examine the influence of social capital towards learning organisation in higher education institutions. The study adopted quantitative approach with survey questionnaire. The sample of the study was 227 academic staff members of 22 higher educational institutions. Social capital was measured using structural, relational and cognitive dimensions. Learning organisation was measured using seven dimensions of Watkins and Marsick (2003). The findings of this study show strong positive relationship and impact of the social capital on learning organisation. However, the social capital dimension of cognition was found to be insignificantly related to the learning organisation. Given the importance of learning organisations in today's competitive scenario, the findings of this study are designed to enable organisational managers in formulating policies that would promote learning organisation.

Education is a constitutional right of every citizen of Pakistan. The 46% of people aged 10 and above are literate in Balochistan which is lower in rest of the regions of Pakistan. The girls’ education in Balochistan is even worst. International Rescue Committee (IRC) identified 29000 girls in targeted districts of Balochistan to teach and educated adolescent girls with community help (TEACH). The study find out the public awareness campaign effectiveness for increasing girls’ education in these areas. Survey research design was used to assess the campaign effectiveness with non-probability sampling technique to select sample size and 616 participants both male and female participated in the study. The findings revealed the campaign was 77% successful. At the awareness-raising level, 92% of people were aware of the key message about girls’ education and 40% of people have become actively engaged as a result of meetings with the village support committee and tea/coffee gatherings with male community members. In terms of changing behaviors, 85% of people self-reported changing their behavior, and in terms of changing social norms, 73% of people self-reported changing social norms, particularly in relation to early marriages the state of well-being 33% of people both male and female reported attending community meetings to press governmental decision-makers to act in their communities’ best interests, particularly in relation to girls’ education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current research aims to analyze the experiences of families about their psycho-social well-being in the wake of COVID-19. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from the 557 households in Islamabad between the months of November & December 2021. Knowledge and practices to prevent COVID-19, self-efficacy and trust in the sources of information were assessed by using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The findings of the study illustrated that majority of the respondents were aware of the COVID-19 pandemic, its common symptoms, and formal and informal precautionary measures/treatment. However, COVID-19 has impacted their psychosocial well-being. Results indicated that psychological well-being is significantly affected by resilience and knowledge of COVID-19, whereas, self-efficacy and trust of sources has no significant impact on psychological wellbeing. The findings also highlighted the significant impact of resilience and self-efficacy on social wellbeing and self-efficacy also has a significant correlation with psychological wellbeing. The study concluded that COVID-19 has not only altered the routine life of families but also affected their psychosocial wellbeing irrespective of individuals affected or not affected by the infection. It is recommended that steps may be taken at the community and government level to mitigate the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cases of intimate partner violence increased manifold across the world during COVID-19. Researchers have been trying to find out indigenous factors leading to such behaviors, especially among men. Using the lens of the exosystem factor model of ecological theory, we designed the current study to identify the socioeconomic factors in deciding on the intensity of intimate partner violence and its subsequent impact on the psychological and physical wellbeing of women. In this regard, financial autonomy and asset ownership status of women, as well as financial issues and drug abuse among men, were studied as major factors. The study also investigated the moderating role of the asset ownership status of women. A multistage cluster sampling technique was used to collect data from 1516 females in three waves through trained enumerators. We analyzed the moderated mediation model using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique in AMOS version 26. Results indicated that financial autonomy and asset ownership status of women are negatively related to intimate partner violence and positively related to the psychological and physical wellbeing of women. Similarly, financial issues and drug abuse among men were found positively related to intimate partner violence and negatively related to the psychological and physical wellbeing of women. The interaction effect of the asset ownership status of women was also significant. Overall, significant moderated mediation was found. The results have several implications for various stakeholders including society, policymakers, and researchers. The study has extended the validity of the exosystem factor model of ecological theory and significantly contributed to the literature on intimate partner violence. Especially the moderating role of the asset ownership status of women based on their inherited assets was a significant contribution, especially in the context of the recent enforcement of “Women’s Property Rights Act 2021” by Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture land suitability plays an important role in sustainable agriculture production by improving the use of current land resources and in the identification of new land that maybe prepare for agriculture. The present research aimed to focus on the agricultural land suitability of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), where the existing agriculture land is only 8% and dense forest and glaciers are covering 46.06% of the total area. Based on the literature review and local expert’s knowledge, eight different criteria have been taken to scale the available land for the suitability of agriculture practices. These parameters are soil orders, soil pH, Land-use Land-cover (LULC), slope, elevation, temperature, precipitation, and Potential Evapotranspiration (PET). Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique in integration with Geographical Information System (GIS) and Weighted Overlay Analysis (WOA) had been incorporated to classify the land for agriculture production. In AHP, weights were determined with the use of pairwise comparison matrix based on expert opinions. According to the guidelines of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the land suitability map was divided into five zones. After subtracting the areas of permanent features like mountains, forest, and glaciers, it was estimated that a highly suitable area was 13.21%, moderately suitable area was 11.61%, marginally suitable area was 13.14% and 62.05% was not suitable permanently. It is concluded that the integration of GIS and AHP in land suitability, is efficient and it will help the policymakers to improve the management of their land resources [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety profile of sitagliptin vs. glimepiride in type 2 diabetic patients. Study Design: Comparative study. Setting: Medical Unit, Islam Centarl Hospital Sialkot. Period: September to December 2018. Material & Methods: In which Type 2 diabetic patients (n=220) were randomly placed into interventional groups to prescribed either sitagliptin or glimepiride for an interval of 16 weeks. A blood sugar level was maintained by dose titration in both groups. The main end point was change in FBG & HbA1C while additional end point was change in body weight, hypoglycemic episodes and gastrointestinal adverse effects from baseline by using SPPS 16. Results: After 16 weeks of treatment both sitagliptin and glimepiride caused a significant improvement (P<0.001) in glycemic control by reducing FBG (-22±3.2 & -33.5±4.4) & HbA1c (0.78±0.3 & 1.12±0.25) respectively. However when comparison was done between two group, glimepiride has more pronounced effect on glycemic control as compared to sitagliptin (P<0.001). Net BMI reduced to 0.8±0.68 in sitagliptin group while net BMI increased to 1.1±0.78 in glimepiride treated group with (P<0.001). There were no adverse effects reported in sitagliptin treated group while 25 hypoglycemic episodes were noticed in glimepiride treated group. Conclusion: Glimepiride has more pronounced effect on glycemic control as compared to sitagliptin. However this pronounced effect was associated with more hypoglycemic episodes and weight gain. Euglycemic effect and weight reducing property of sitagliptin precludes that it has better safety and tolerability profile in comparison with glimepiride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to design and development of fast dissolving film of Telmisartan. Telmisartan is an anti-hypertensive agent which belongs to BCS class II with 24 hours half-life. Main objective is to increase the release time of the dosage form at the site of absorption thus leading to enhance absorption and bioavailability. Total 6 formulations were prepared. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used as a film forming agent. Propylene glycol and Polyethylene glycol 400 were used as a plasticizer. FTIR spectra of the physical mixture revealed that the drug is compatible with polymers used. This system was developed by using Solvent Casting Method. Films were evaluated for Content uniformity, Thickness, Folding endurance, disintegration time and dissolution studies. Among all the formulation F4 was showed good physicochemical property along with enhancement in the bioavailability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the factors influencing tourism demand in Bangladesh following tourism potential of the country. The study estimates tourism demand in the form of tourist arrival (TA) based on key economic factors like distance, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, population, Consumer Price Index (CPI) and exchange rate. The paper applies Rodrigue's modifi ed Gravity model through GLS regression analysis based on 4-year panel data from 2009-2012 of 30 origin countries. In considering the absolute purpose of tourism, the basic log-linear model has been revised with the actual volume of TA instead of government recorded gross TA. Derived log-linear equation indicates that TA is positively correlated with GDP per capita and population and negatively associated with distance, exchange rate and CPI. Th us, the study fi ndings direct to potential market for Bangladeshi tourism resulting from short distance, higher GDP per capita of origin country and lower infl ation rate refl ected through CPI in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]