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3. Global, regional, and national prevalence of adult overweight and obesity, 1990–2021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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Ng, Marie, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Lo, Justin, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Nasir, Abbasian, Mohammadreza, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abdel-Rahman, Wael M, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdollahi, Arash, Abdoun, Meriem, Abdulah, Deldar Morad, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abedi, Armita, Abeywickrama, Hansani Madushika, Abie, Alemwork, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abohashem, Shady, Abtahi, Dariush, Abualruz, Hasan, Abubakar, Bilyaminu, Abu Farha, Rana Kamal, Abukhadijah, Hana J, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Aburuz, Salahdein, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Adams, Lisa C, Adane, Mesafint Molla, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adedokun, Kamoru Ademola, Adegoke, Nurudeen A, Adepoju, Abiola Victor Victor, Adesola, Ridwan Olamilekan, Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther, Adiga, Usha, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Afaghi, Siamak, Afzal, Saira, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Agampodi, Thilini Chanchala, Aghamiri, Shahin, Agostinis Sobrinho, César, Agyemang-Duah, Williams, Ahlstrom, Austin J, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Muayyad M, Ahmad, Fuzail, Ahmad, Noah, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh, Ahmed, Mehrunnisha Sharif, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Ajami, Marjan, Akhtar, Samina, Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed, Akrami, Ashley E, Alalwan, Tariq A, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Al-amer, Rasmieh Mustafa, Alansari, Amani, Al-Ashwal, Fahmi Y, Albashtawy, Mohammed, Aldhaleei, Wafa A, Alemayehu, Bezawit Abeje, Algammal, Abdelazeem M, Alhabib, Khalid F, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, Alhuwail, Dari, Ali, Rafat, Ali, Abid, Ali, Waad, Ali, Mohammed Usman, Alif, Sheikh Mohammad, Al-Jabi, Samah W, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkhatib, Ahmad, Al-Marwani, Sabah, Alomari, Mahmoud A, Alqahtani, Saleh A, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M Mohammad, Alrawashdeh, Ahmad, Alrimawi, Intima, Alrousan, Sahel Majed, Alshahrani, Najim Z, Al Ta'ani, Omar, Al Ta'ani, Zain, Altaany, Zaid, Altaf, Awais, Al Thaher, Yazan, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Al-Wardat, Mohammad, Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed, Aly, Safwat, Aly, Hany, Alzahrani, Hosam, Alzoubi, Abdallah, Alzoubi, Karem H, Al-Zubayer, Md. Akib, Amiri, Sohrab, Amu, Hubert, Amugsi, Dickson A, Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi, Ananda, Roshan A, Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari, Sumbul, Ansari, Mohammed Tahir, Antony, Catherine M, Anuoluwa, Iyadunni Adesola, Anuoluwa, Boluwatife Stephen, Anvari, Saeid, Anwar, Saleha, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Apostol, Geminn Louis Carace, Arab, Juan Pablo, Arabloo, Jalal, Arafat, Mosab, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Areda, Demelash, Arifin, Hidayat, Arkew, Mesay, Armocida, Benedetta, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arooj, Mahwish, Artamonov, Anton A, Artanti, Kurnia Dwi, Arumugam, Ashokan, Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad, Ashraf, Tahira, Asiamah-Asare, Bernard Kwadwo Yeboah, Asrat, Anemaw A, Astell-Burt, Thomas, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atorkey, Prince, Atreya, Alok, Aumoldaeva, Zaure Maratovna, Awad, Hamzeh, Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew, Awotidebe, Adedapo Wasiu, Aychiluhm, Setognal Birara, Azargoonjahromi, Ali, Azimi, Amirali, Aziz, Sadat Abdulla, Aziz, Shahkaar, Azzam, Ahmed Y., Azzolino, Domenico, Azzopardi, Peter S, Babashahi, Mina, Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah, Badiye, Ashish D, Bagheri, Nasser, Bahurupi, Yogesh, Bai, Ruhai, Baig, Atif Amin, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar, Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin, Bam, Kiran, Banach, Maciej, Banik, Rajon, Bardhan, Mainak, Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat, Barquera, Simon, Barua, Lingkan, Basharat, Zarrin, Bashir, Shahid, Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi, Basu, Saurav, Bayat, Reza, Bayih, Mulat Tirfie, Beeraka, Narasimha M, Begum, Tahmina, Bello, Umar Muhammad, Bello, Abdulrahman Babatunde, Belo, Luis, Bensenor, Isabela M, Bergami, Maria, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berihun, Abiye Assefa, Bhadoria, Ajeet Singh, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Jaideep Singh, Bharadwaj, Ravi, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhat, Ajay Nagesh, Bhattacharjee, Priyadarshini, Bhattacharjee, Shuvarthi, Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh, Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur, Bikov, Andras, Bilgin, Cem, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Bijit, Bizzozero Peroni, Bruno, Bjertness, Espen, Bjørge, Tone, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao, Borhany, Hamed, Bosoka, Samuel Adolf, Bouaoud, Souad, Boyko, Edward J, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brazo-Sayavera, Javier, Brenner, Hermann, Britton, Gabrielle, Bryazka, Dana, Bugiardini, Raffaele, Bui, Linh Phuong, Busch, Felix, Bustanji, Yasser, Butt, Nadeem Shafique, Butt, Zahid A, Calina, Daniela, Campos, Luciana Aparecida, Campos-Nonato, Ismael, Cao, Si, Cao, Yin, Capodici, Angelo, Carvalho, Andre F, Carvalho, Márcia, Catapano, Alberico L, Cattafesta, Monica, Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia, Cegolon, Luca, Cembranel, Francieli, Cenko, Edina, Cerin, Ester, Cernigliaro, Achille, Chadwick, Joshua, Chakraborty, Chiranjib, Chan, Raymond N C, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaudhary, Anis Ahmad, Chaurasia, Akhilanand, Chen, Guangjin, Chen, An-Tian, Chen, Haowei, Cheng, Esther T W, Chew, Nicholas WS, Chi, Gerald, Chimoriya, Ritesh, Ching, Patrick R, Choi, Dong-Woo, Chong, Bryan, Chopra, Hitesh, Chopra, Shivani, Chou, Hou In, Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chung, Sunghyun, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Chutiyami, Muhammad, Cini, Karly I, Cioffi, Iolanda, Cogen, Rebecca M, Collado-Mateo, Daniel, Columbus, Alyssa, Conrad, Nathalie, Criqui, Michael H, Cruz-Martins, Natalia, Cummins, Steven, D'Amico, Emanuele, D'Anna, Lucio, D'Oria, Mario, Dadras, Omid, Dai, Xiaochen, Dalakoti, Mayank, Dandona, Rakhi, Dandona, Lalit, Danpanichkul, Pojsakorn, Darcho, Samuel Demissie, Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, Reza, da Silva, Alanna Gomes, Davletov, Kairat, Delgado-Enciso, Ivan, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Derbew Molla, Meseret, Dergaa, Ismail, Desale, Aragaw Tesfaw, Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan, Devegowda, Devananda, Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman, Dhali, Arkadeep, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dhungel, Bibha, Diaz, Daniel, Dinu, Monica, Dodangeh, Milad, Dohare, Sushil, Dokova, Klara Georgieva, Dolatkhah, Neda, do Prado, Camila Bruneli, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai, Doshi, Rajkumar Prakashbhai, Dowou, Robert Kokou, Dsouza, Viola Savy, Du, Mi, Dumith, Samuel C, Dumuid, Dorothea, Duncan, Bruce B, Dutta, Sulagna, Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian, Ebrahimi, Alireza, Eftekhari, Behrad, Eighaei Sedeh, Ashkan, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Eladl, Mohamed Ahmed, El Arab, Rabie Adel, El-Ashker, Said, Elbarazi, Iffat, El Bayoumy, Ibrahim Farahat, Elgendy, Islam Y, Elhadi, Muhammed, El-Huneidi, Waseem, El-Metwally, Ashraf A, Elmonem, Mohamed A, Elnaem, Mohamed Hassan, Elsheikh, Randa, Elsohaby, Ibrahim, Eltaha, Chadi, Emeto, Theophilus I, Eslami, Maysa, Eze, Ugochukwu Anthony, Fadavian, Heidar, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich, Faraji, Seyed Nooreddin, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud, Farooque, Umar, Farrokhpour, Hossein, Fasusi, Samuel Aanuoluwapo, Fazeli, Patrick, Fazylov, Timur, Feizkhah, Alireza, Fekadu, Ginenus, Feng, Xiaoqi, Fernandes, João C, Fernandez-Jimenez, Rodrigo, Ferreira, Nuno, Feyisa, Bikila Regassa, Fischer, Florian, Flood, David, Foigt, Nataliya A, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Foroumadi, Roham, Fortuna Rodrigues, Celia, Foschi, Matteo, Fotouhi, Maryam, Francis, Kate Louise, Franklin, Richard Charles, Gába, Aleš, Gadanya, Muktar A, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Galali, Yaseen, Gallus, Silvano, Ganesan, Balasankar, Gangachannaiah, Shivaprakash, Gastélum Espinoza, Wendy Paola, Gebregergis, Miglas Welay, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Getacher, Lemma, Ghadirian, Fataneh, Ghaffari Jolfayi, Amir, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed, Gil, Artyom Urievich, Gill, Tiffany K, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, Golechha, Mahaveer, Golinelli, Davide, Grivna, Michal, Grover, Ashna, Guan, Zhongyang, Guan, Shi-Yang, Guarducci, Giovanni, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Guha, Avirup, Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga, Guo, Zheng, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Anish Kumar, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Gutiérrez-Murillo, Roberth Steven, Guzman-Esquivel, Jose, Hadi, Najah R, Hadian, Zahra, Hamdy, Nadia M, Hameed, Sajid, Hamidi, Samer, Hamiduzzaman, Mohammad, Hanif, Asif, Hanifi, Nasrin, Hankey, Graeme J, Haq, Allie, Harlianto, Netanja I, Haro, Josep Maria, Hartono, Risky Kusuma, Hasan, Faizul, Hashempur, Mohammad Hashem, Hasnain, Md Saquib, Hassan, Amr, Hassan, Nageeb, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassanzade Rad, Afagh, Havmoeller, Rasmus J, Hay, Simon I, He, Wen-Qiang, Hebert, Jeffrey J, Heidari, Golnaz, Hemmati, Mehdi, Hiraike, Yuta, Hoan, Nguyen Quoc, Hoang, Mai, Holla, Ramesh, Hoogar, Praveen, Hopkins, Ashley Mark, Hossain, Alamgir, Hosseinzadeh, Hassan, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Htay, Zin Wai, Hu, Chengxi, Huang, Junjie, Hundie, Tsegaye Gebreyes, Husseiny, Mohamed Ibrahim, Huynh, Hong-Han, Iavicoli, Ivo, Ibrayeva, Anel, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Imam, Mohammad Tarique, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Inok, Arit, Irham, Lalu Muhammad, Islam, Md. Rabiul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islam, Rakibul M, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Iso, Hiroyasu, Isola, Gaetano, Ituka, Mosimah Charles, Iwagami, Masao, Iwu-Jaja, Chinwe Juliana, Iyasu, Assefa N, J, Vinothini, Jacob, Louis, Jaffar, Shabbar, Jahrami, Haitham, Jain, Akhil, Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalloh, Mohamed Lamrana, Javaid, Syed Sarmad, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, Jayarajah, Umesh, Jayaram, Shubha, Jebai, Rime, Jebasingh, Felix K, Jema, Alelign Tasew, Jokar, Mohammad, Jonas, Jost B, Jose, Jobinse, Joseph, Nitin, Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kaambwa, Billingsley, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Zubair, Kakkar, Ashish Kumar, Kalra, Sanjay, Kamarajah, Sivesh Kathir, Kanaan, Saddam Fuad, Kankam, Samuel Berchi, Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem, Kapoor, Neeti, Karajizadeh, Mehrdad, Karakasis, Paschalis, Karasneh, Reema A, Karimi, Yeganeh, Karimi Behnagh, Arman, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kauppila, Joonas H, Kayode, Gbenga A, Kehagias, Dimitrios, Kerr, Jessica A, Keshwani, Ariz, Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khaing, Inn Kynn, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khalili, Pantea, Khalilian, Alireza, Khalis, Mohamed, Khan, Mohammad Jobair, Khan, Maseer, Khan, Nusrat, Khan, Md Abdullah Saeed, Khan, Ajmal, Khan, Moien AB, Khanmohammadi, Shaghayegh, Khatab, Khaled, Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khidri, Feriha Fatima, Khorashadizadeh, Fatemeh, Khosla, Atulya Aman, Khosravi, Sepehr, Khosrowjerdi, Mahmood, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Khusun, Helda, Kim, Jinho, Kim, Kwanghyun, Kim, Min Seo, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kisa, Adnan, Kishore, Ladli, Kivimäki, Mika, Kokkorakis, Michail, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Kompani, Farzad, Korzh, Oleksii, Kostev, Karel, Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi, Kretchy, Irene Akwo, Krishan, Kewal, Kua, Chong-Han, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kulimbet, Mukhtar, Kulkarni, Vishnutheertha, Kumar, Ashish, Kumar, Vijay, Kumar, G Anil, Kundu, Satyajit, Kunutsor, Setor K, Kurmi, Om P, Kurniasari, Maria Dyah, Kusuma, Dian, Kytö, Ville, Lacey, Ben, Lahariya, Chandrakant, Lai, Daphne Teck Ching, Lai, Hanpeng, Landires, Iván, Larijani, Bagher, Latief, Kamaluddin, La Vecchia, Carlo, Le, Nhi Huu Hanh, Lee, Munjae, Lee, Sang-woong, Lee, Wei-Chen, Lee, Seung Won, Lee, Paul H, Li, Ming-Chieh, Li, Yongze, Li, Weilong, Lim, Stephen S, Lin, Queran, Lin, Jialing, Lindholm, Daniel, Lindstedt, Paulina A, Liu, Simin, Llanaj, Erand, López-Gil, José Francisco, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lucchetti, Giancarlo, Lugo, Alessandra, Lutambi, Angelina M, Lv, Lei, Lytvyak, Ellina, Ma, Zheng Feei, Machoy, Monika, Magaña Gómez, Javier A, Maghbouli, Nastaran, Mahalleh, Mehrdad, Mahmood, Nozad H, Mahmoudi, Elham, Maiti, Rituparna, Makris, Konstantinos Christos C, Malhotra, Kashish, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Malik, Iram, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Mansourian, Marjan, Manu, Emmanuel, Marateb, Hamid Reza, Marino, Mirko, Marjani, Abdoljalal, Martinez-Piedra, Ramon, Martini, Santi, Martorell, Miquel, Marzouk, Sammer, Masi, Stefano, Masrouri, Soroush, Mathangasinghe, Yasith, Mathur, Manu Raj, Matozinhos, Fernanda Penido, Matthias, Thushara, Mattiello, Rita, Mazidi, Mohsen, McPhail, Steven M, Mechili, Enkeleint A, Mehboob, Riffat, Mehmood, Asim, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Kamran, Mekene Meto, Tesfahun, Meles, Hadush Negash, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mengistie, Emiru Ayalew, Meo, Sultan Ayoub, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mettananda, Sachith, Mettananda, Chamila Dinushi Kukulege, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ana Carolina, Miller, Ted R, Mini, GK, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke, Mittal, Madhukar, Mohamed, Ahmed Ismail, Mohamed, Mona Gamal, Mohamed, Nouh Saad, Mohamed, Jama, Mohammad, Taj, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, Sakineh, Mohammadzadeh, Ibrahim, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohammed, Mustapha, Mokdad, Ali H, Mondello, Stefania, Moni, Mohammad Ali, Moradi, Maryam, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mossialos, Elias, Motappa, Rohith, Mulita, Francesk, Mullany, Erin C, Munkhsaikhan, Yanjinlkham, Murillo-Zamora, Efren, Musa, Sani, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthu, Sathish, Myung, Woojae, Naghavi, Pirouz, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naik, Ganesh R, Naik, Hiten, Nambi, Gopal, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nascimento, Gustavo G, Nassar, Mahmoud, Natto, Zuhair S, Nauman, Javaid, Naureen, Zakira, Navaratna, Samidi Nirasha Kumari, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Nayon, Md Fahad Shahariar, Nazri-Panjaki, Athare, Negahdary, Masoud, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Negoi, Ionut, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Nematollahi, Soroush, Nepal, Samata, Netsere, Henok Biresaw, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Dang, Nguyen, Trang, Nguyen, Duc Hoang, Nguyen, Phuong The, Niazi, Robina Khan, Nieddu, Luciano, Niknam, Mahdieh, Nikoobar, Ali, Nkeck, Jan Rene, Nomura, Shuhei, Noor, Syed Toukir Ahmed, Noreen, Mamoona, Noroozi, Masoud, Nawsherwan, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nouri, Mehran, Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi, Nugen, Fred, Nurrika, Dieta, Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet, O'Connell, Erin M, Oancea, Bogdan, Oguta, James Odhiambo, Oh, In-Hwan, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul, Okonji, Osaretin Christabel, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olalusi, Oladotun Victor, Olanrewaju, Timothy Olusegun, Olasupo, Omotola O, Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes, Oliveira, Arão Belitardo, Oluwafemi, Yinka Doris, Omar, Hany A, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Opitz, Marcel, Ordak, Michal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osborne, Augustus, Osman, Wael M S, Osman, Alaa A M, Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi, Otoiu, Adrian, Oumer, Abdu, Ouyahia, Amel, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Owusu, Irene Amoakoh, Oyebola, Kolapo, P A, Mahesh Padukudru, Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Panda, Sujogya Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Anamika, Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R, Pardhan, Shahina, Parekh, Utsav, Parija, Pragyan Paramita, Parikh, Romil R, Park, Eun-Cheol, Pashaei, Ava, Passera, Roberto, Patel, Hemal M, Pathan, Aslam Ramjan, Patoulias, Dimitrios, Patton, George C, Paudel, Susan, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Pensato, Umberto, Peprah, Prince, Pereira, Gavin, Pereira, Marcos, Perianayagam, Arokiasamy, Perico, Norberto, Perna, Simone, Petcu, Ionela-Roxana, Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily, Pham, Hoang Nhat, Polibin, Roman V, Popovic, Djordje S, Pourghazi, Farzad, Pourshams, Akram, Pradhan, Jalandhar, Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh, Prasad, Manya, Prashant, Akila, Prates, Elton Junio Sady, Putra, I Gusti Ngurah Edi, Puvvula, Jagadeesh, Qattea, Ibrahim, Qiu, Jia-Yong, Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman, Radojčić, Maja R, Raggi, Catalina, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Fryad Majeed, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahmani, Saeed, Rahmanian, Vahid, Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Raimondo, Ivano, Raj, Jeffrey Pradeep, Rajput, Prashant, Ramadan, Mahmoud Mohammed, Ramasamy, Chitra, Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran, Ramazanu, Sheena, Rana, Kritika, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Mithun, Rao, Sowmya J, Rashedi, Sina, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Rasouli-Saravani, Ashkan, Rathish, Devarajan, Rauniyar, Santosh Kumar, Rautalin, Ilari, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Redwan, Elrashdy M. Moustafa Mohamed, Rege, Sanika, Reis-Mendes, Ana, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Rezaei, Nazila, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Rezazadeh, Hossein, Rhee, Taeho Gregory, Rocha-Gomes, João Rocha, Rodrigues, Mónica, Rodrigues da Silva, Thales Philipe, Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia, Roever, Leonardo, Rohloff, Peter, Romadlon, Debby Syahru, Rony, Moustaq Karim Khan, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rout, Himanshu Sekhar, Roy, Nitai, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Saad, Aly M A, Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed, Sabet, Cameron John, Sadarangani, Kabir P, Saddik, Basema Ahmad, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeb, Mohammad Reza, Saeed, Umar, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safi, Sher Zaman, Saghazadeh, Amene, Sagoe, Dominic, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh, Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop, Sajid, Mirza Rizwan, Salaroli, Luciane B, Saleh, Mohamed A, Salem, Marwa Rashad, Salimi, Sohrab, Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo, Samuel, Vijaya Paul, Samy, Abdallah M, Santhekadur, Prasanna K, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Saqib, Muhammad Arif Nadeem, Saraswati, Ushasi, Saravanan, Aswini, Sari, Dianis Wulan, Sarkar, Tanmay, Sarmadi, Mohammad, Sarode, Sachin C, Sarode, Gargi Sachin, Sassano, Michele, Sathian, Brijesh, Saya, Ganesh Kumar, Schinckus, Christophe, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schuermans, Art, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Sebastian, Sneha Annie, Selvaraj, Siddharthan, Semreen, Mohammad H, Sendekie, Ashenafi Kibret, Sengupta, Pallav, Senol, Yigit Can, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Sethi, Yashendra, Seylani, Allen, Shafie, Mahan, Shah, Sweni, Shah, Syed Mahboob, Shahid, Samiah, Shahrahmani, Fatemeh, Shahwan, Moyad Jamal, Sham, Sunder, Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, Anas, Shamsutdinova, Alfiya, Shan, Dan, Shanawaz, Mohd, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharath, Medha, Sharfaei, Sadaf, Sharifan, Amin, Sharma, Anupam, Sharma, Ujjawal, Sharma, Manoj, Sharma, Vishal, Sheida, Fateme, Sheikhy, Ali, Shenoy, Rekha Raghuveer, Shetty, Pavanchand H, Shibuya, Kenji, Shiferaw, Desalegn, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shittu, Aminu, Shool, Sina, Shorofi, Seyed Afshin, Shrestha, Rajan, Shuval, Kerem, Si, Yafei, Sibuyi, Nicole R S, Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar, Siddiqi, Ahmed Kamal, Sikdar, Mithun, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues, Singh, Surjit, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Amit, Singh, Harmanjit, Singh, Baljinder, Singh, Kalpana, Singh, Puneetpal, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Smith, Amanda E, Smith, Georgia, Soliman, Sameh S M, Soraneh, Soroush, Sorensen, Reed J D, Spartalis, Michael, Srichawla, Bahadar S, Stachteas, Panagiotis, Starodubova, Antonina V, Straif, Kurt, Stubbs, Pete, Subramaniyan, Vetriselvan, Suleiman Odidi, Muritala Odidi, Sulkowski, Aleksander, Sultan Meo, Anusha, Sun, Jing, Sun, Zhong, Sunny, Sumam, Swain, Chandan Kumar, Szarpak, Lukasz, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad, Tabatabaei, Fatemeh Sadat, Tabatabaei Malazy, Ozra, Tabatabai, Shima, Tabche, Celine, Tabish, Mohammad, Taiba, Jabeen, Talic, Stella, Tampa, Mircea, Tamuzi, Jacques Lukenze, Tan, Ker-Kan, Tanwar, Manoj, Tariq, Saba, Tat, Nathan Y, Tavangar, Seyed Mohammad, Temsah, Reem Mohamad Hani, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Teramoto, Masayuki, Terefa, Dufera Rikitu, Tewari, Jay, Thapar, Rekha, Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera, Tiruneh, Sofonyas Abebaw, Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer, Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Tiwari, Krishna, Tomo, Sojit, Tonelli, Marcello, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Trabelsi, Khaled, Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc, Tran, Thang Huu, Tran Minh Duc, Nguyen, Trico, Domenico, Trihandini, Indang, Truyen, Thien Tan Tri Tai, Tsatsakis, Aristidis, Tse, Gary, Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom, Tumurkhuu, Munkhtuya, T Y, Sree Sudha, Tye, Sok Cin, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Udoakang, Aniefiok John, Ullah, Shahid, Ullah, Saeed, Umair, Muhammad, Umar, Umar Muhammad, Umar, Lawan, Unim, Brigid, Upadhya, Dinesh, Upadhyay, Era, Usman, Jibrin Sammani, Ustunsoz, Damla, Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj, Van den Eynde, Jef, Varghese, Joe, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vaziri, Siavash, Vellingiri, Balachandar, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verma, Madhur, Verma, Anjul, Verras, Georgios-Ioannis, Vidale, Simone, Villalobos-Daniel, Victor E, Vinayak, Manish, Vlassov, Vasily, Vos, Theo, Vukovic, Rade, Wahidin, Mugi, Wahiduzzaman, Mohammad, Wang, Yanzhong, Wang, Shu, Wang, Cong, Wang, Xingxin, Wanjau, Mary Njeri, Waqar, Ahmed Bilal, Waqas, Muhammad, Weerakoon, Kosala Gayan, Wei, Fei-Long, Wicaksana, Anggi Lukman, Wickramasinghe, Dakshitha Praneeth, Willeit, Peter, Wojewodzic, Marcin W, Wonde, Tewodros Eshete, Wongsin, Utoomporn, Xia, Qing, Xie, Wanqing, Xu, Suowen, Xu, Xiaoyue, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yano, Yuichiro, Yao, Haiqiang, Yarahmadi, Amir, Yaribeygi, Habib, Yesuf, Subah Abderehim, Yin, Dehui, Yon, Dong Keon, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yu, Chuanhua, Yuan, Chun-Wei, Yuce, Deniz, Yunusa, Ismaeel, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zare, Iman, Zastrozhin, Michael, Zeariya, Mohammed G M, Zhang, Xiaoyi, Zhang, Liqun, Zhang, Jingya, Zhang, Zhiqiang, Zhang, Casper J P, Zheng, David X, Zheng, Peng, Zhong, Anthony, Zhong, Claire Chenwen, Zhou, Jiayan, Zhu, Bin, Zhumagaliuly, Abzal, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zoghi, Ghazal, Zou, Zhiyong, Zweck, Elric, Zyoud, Sa'ed H, Murray, Christopher J L, Sawyer, Susan M, and Vollset, Stein Emil

Published
2025
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6. Environmental Education and Women: Voices from Pakistan

Author

Imran, Muhammad, Akhtar, Samina, Chen, Yuee, and Ahmad, Shabbir

Abstract

This article aims at investigating the relevance of a gender perspective in societies where women are mainly responsible for the household and childcare. For this purpose, the activities of two environmental and women's empowerment--related nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) from Pakistan, Leadership for Environment and Development (LEAD) and Aurat (woman) Foundation, have been investigated with the help of a case study methodology. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with 12 females. Through a feminist approach, this study analyzes the goals, scope, and programs of the selected NGOs in environmental education, ecofeminism, and women's empowerment. Empirical results suggest that when a woman is environmental-aware, she has the potential to make more sustainable choices, and thus educate other members of the family.

Published
2021
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10. Driving Excellence: The Role of Parental Engagement in Shaping Student Success in Secondary Schools

Author

Batool, Sumera, Ansari, Marium, Akhtar, Samina, Ismaeel, Ghazala, Batool, Sumera, Ansari, Marium, Akhtar, Samina, and Ismaeel, Ghazala

Abstract

The current research pursuit's key objective was to analyze parental involvement’s impact on students' academic performance at the secondary level. The descriptive and quantitative research approach was employed to conduct this study. A total of 12987 students made up the population from the public sector secondary schools located in Khanewal, District Multan, South Punjab, Pakistan. The study’s sample was composed of 324 students, including both male and female, selected through a stratified random sampling technique. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation, and utilizing inferential statistics, Pearson coefficient correlation. The research results discovered that the parents’ involvement in their child's academics, assignments, attendance, and monitoring exhibited good grades and higher educational attainment in the schools. This investigation recommended that educational institutions ought to focus on developing parental involvement to understand the academic challenges and to build a more comfortable environment for better academic success of students in schools.

Published
2024

11. Validation of the Online Learning Readiness Scale (OLRS) in the Context of Pakistan

Author

Akhtar, Samina, Kirmani, Nighat Sana, Siraj, Darakhshan, Akhtar, Samina, Kirmani, Nighat Sana, and Siraj, Darakhshan

Abstract

The primary objective of the research study was to validate the Online Learning Readiness Scale (OLRS) in the specific context of Pakistan. A method of quantitative inquiry was adopted to administer and validate the instrument on a sample of 368 students from higher education institutions in south Punjab, Pakistan. For the purpose of to validate it, the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was specifically conducted utilizing AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structures). The research results indicated that the model was found as being suitable in Pakistan, and no aspect was omitted from the model in question. Further, all the calculated values of model fit indices in accordance with the results were in acceptable limits. The scale revealed acceptable composite reliability and construct validity. The study has the potential to support institutions in tailoring their online learning programs in order to better satisfy the needs of their students, ultimately resulting in higher student achievement in online courses.

Published
2024

12. Emotionally Empowered Learners: Promoting Emotional Literacy Practices at Government Primary Schools

Author

Akhtar, Samina, Ali, Romina, Ansari, Marium, Akhtar, Samina, Ali, Romina, and Ansari, Marium

Abstract

The study aimed to identify emotional intelligence and literacy practices among Pakistan's primary school teachers. The population of the investigation involved 4927 teachers from government primary schools in the district of Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Using the Schutte Assessing Emotions Scale, the data were collected from a sample of 391 teachers selected through simple random sampling procedures from primary schools. The data was analyzed through descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test). The results showed that teachers exhibited higher emotional competencies in primary schools. However, the study also found that primary school teachers were not effectively employing strategies for promoting emotional literacy in their classrooms. The study recommended that emotional literacy should be an integral part of education for developing students' emotional aspects and keeping them emotionally empowered in their academic lives in schools.

Published
2024

13. Problems of Education System in Pakistan: A Critical Analysis and Solution

Author

Akhtar, Misbah, Andleeb, Zahida, Akhtar, Samina, Akhtar, Misbah, Andleeb, Zahida, and Akhtar, Samina

Abstract

Education system has importance in the development of any country. Without better education no country can make progress. The main objective of the study is to review the problems of education system in Pakistan. For this paper literature regarding problems of education system in Pakistan was critically analyzed. It was find out that major issues faced by our educational system were gender inequality, insufficient educational budget, outdated curriculum, poor examination system, Internal and external influence on education system, lack of quality teachers, political interference, The lack of faculty training and development, dropout ratio, lack of uniformity in education system, Education without Direction and failure to achieve millennium developmental goals. It was recommended that should take steps to decrease gender inequality. Sufficient budget should be allocated for educational purpose. Steps should be taken to minimize drop out. Internal and external interferences should be avoided to improve quality of education. Curriculum should be updated according to needs of people.

Published
2024

14. Assessment Metrics: Insights into Students’ Perceptions across Higher Education Institutions

Author

Mustaq, Sadia, Siraj, Darakhshan, Akhtar, Samina, Ismaeel, Ghazala, Mustaq, Sadia, Siraj, Darakhshan, Akhtar, Samina, and Ismaeel, Ghazala

Abstract

In every facet of educational practices, assessment is recognized as a driving force, and students' views on it serve as a crucial measure of its overall effectiveness. The current quantitative research pursuit primarily aims to determine how the assessment metrics affect students’ perceptions studying in higher education institutions. The study represents a population of 41,427 from seven public sector higher education institutions conveniently selected throughout the various regions of Punjab, Pakistan. Through a random sampling, the study examined students' experiences amongst a total of 1324 students, which were composed of 485 male participants and 839 female participants, for a better understanding of phenomena. The survey was conducted with the use of the Students’ Perceptions of Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ), which was a specifically designed tool for gathering data about students' experiences with assessment metrics. The investigation used descriptive techniques like means and ANOVA tests to analyze the students’ views on the assessments. The results showed notable differences in the way students from different higher education institutions perceive the suitability, clarity, and fairness of certain assessment methods. These insights are significant for the key stakeholders and policymakers in the process of upgrading assessment strategies and ensuring fair and authentic practices in academics.

Published
2024

18. A Qualitative Investigation of Blended Learning Practices in Higher Education Sector: Challenges and Future Prospects.

Author

Akhtar, Samina, Ali, Romina, and Naz Bukhari, Syeda Tehmina

Subjects
BLENDED learning, HIGHER education, PUBLIC sector, UNIVERSITIES & colleges, DATA analysis
Abstract

This qualitative research study aimed to examine the viewpoints of departmental chairpersons about the implementation of blended learning at public sector universities. The study focused on identifying both the difficulties and potential benefits associated with its implementation. A convenient sample selection approach was used to select a total of twenty (20) chairpersons, consisting of (9) males and (11) females, from three public sector institutions in the Multan area of Punjab, Pakistan. The data was analyzed using NVivo software to do theme analysis on qualitative data. The findings revealed a multitude of obstacles, including insufficient infrastructure and network-related problems. On the other hand, the research also emphasized positive possibilities such as improved availability of educational materials and chances for individualized learning experiences. The research suggested that promoting a culture of cooperation and creativity might help public-sector universities embrace blended learning more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. BURIED BUMPER SYNDROME; A RARE COMPLICATION OF PEG TUBE INSERTION WITH ACUTE PRESENTATION.

Author

Akhtar, Ranam, Akhtar, Samina, Masood, Laiba, and Khalid, Namrah

Subjects
*ABDOMINAL pain, *NASOPHARYNX cancer, *POLYETHYLENE glycol, *HOSPITAL emergency services, *TUBES
Abstract

Buried bumper syndrome is a rare complication of PEG tube insertion that too with acute presentation. Here we present a case of 59 years old female with newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma who underwent PEG tube insertion and later on had complaint of abdominal discomfort after every PEG feed which gradually increased in intensity. One week later she presented to the emergency department and was diagnosed as Buried bumper syndrome. The PEG tube was removed immediately and patient was sent to floor for further management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024

23. Frequency of tracheal intubation associated adverse events and contributing factors in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU).

Author

Shaikh, Murk, Rahman, Arshalooz Jamila, Akhtar, Samina, zehra, Tarab, Shaikh, Suhana, and Anwar, Tayyaba

Subjects
PEDIATRIC intensive care, TRACHEA intubation, INTENSIVE care units, PHYSICIANS, VIDEO recording
Abstract

Objective: To determine the frequency of adverse events associated with immediate tracheal intubation in children (1-18 years) from Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi, Pakistan. Study Design: Observational study. Setting: PICU of the Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi. Period: September 2020 to August 2021. Methods: A total of 183 intubations occurred during the study period. Data was extracted using the pre-designed peri-intubation proforma, data recorded on the checklist by the observer (Staff) who was fully trained by the Physician, later on compared by the researcher using the video recorded laryngoscopy used during the intubation procedure. Results: There were 183 intubations occurred during study period. Maximum intubations were in age group of 1-5 years (27.3%) and among total intubations, there were 11(6%) intubation related complications occurred. 6 (3.3%) cases have hypoxia, 3 (1.6%) bradycardia and 2 (1.1%) others (hypotension and esophageal intubation). Majority of the complications were observed during morning hours with statistically significant association. 63.60% TI related cases survived whereas 36.40% of them expired, 54.5% stayed in PICU for 0-10 days. Conclusion: Tracheal intubation related adverse events were 6% and majority of them lead to hypoxia. Physiological and mechanical complications with the procedure do occur inspite of our best efforts. Recognizing the complications associated with tracheal intubation can help physicians better care for patients requiring intubation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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24. Navigating the Interplay of Assertiveness and Job Satisfaction in Teaching at Universities.

Author

Naz Bukhari, Syeda Tehmina, Akhtar, Samina, and Iqbal, Sabiha

Subjects
JOB satisfaction, PEARSON correlation (Statistics), JOB satisfaction surveys, REGRESSION analysis, PUBLIC universities & colleges, ASSERTIVENESS (Psychology)
Abstract

The main focus of the current study was to examine the relationship between assertiveness and job satisfaction among teachers in public sector universities. Assertiveness, an important part of effective communication, was hypothesized to positively impact job satisfaction, especially in academia, where the communication patterns are complex. A descriptive correlational research design was employed by utilizing a Assertiveness Scale (RAS) and the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) to 219 teachers randomly selected from universities in Punjab, Pakistan. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, ANOVA, Z scores, and regression analyses. The research findings indicated a highly significant positive association between assertiveness and job satisfaction. since, instructors who possess a greater level of assertiveness have a better degree of work satisfaction at work. Universities should organize training programs to enhance assertiveness, conflict resolution techniques, and communication strategies among teachers to promote their overall satisfaction at the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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26. Economic and Social Dimensions of Gender Equality Perceptions: A Case Study of Pakistan

Author

Akhtar, Samina, Ishaq, Maryam, Akhtar, Samina, and Ishaq, Maryam

Abstract

Unequal distribution of responsibilities within households, limited education for females, mobility constraints, and gender-segregated job choices hinder women's employment prospects. We explore the biases towards women's empowerment in Pakistan across five crucial dimensions: Political, Economic Business, Employment, and educational empowerment, spanning two time periods: T1 and T2. Note that T1 (time period 1) refers to long run data of the decade from 2010 to 2022 analysis and T2 (time period 2) for examining recent trends from 2018 to 2022 as short-term trends. The methodology employed is Probit modeling. We uncover transformation in societal behaviors, revealing that female respondents challenge traditional gender stereotypes using two survey data sets. The interesting findings lie in the T2 analysis, where significant shifts in perceptions underscore the urgency of tailored policy interventions emphasizing education, economic empowerment, and equality in the workplace. This study's novelty lies in its in-depth examination of evolving gender dynamics within the unique context of Pakistan, offering valuable insights for policymakers and researchers to contribute significantly to the discourse on women's empowerment.

Published
2023

27. Connecting the Dot: Understanding the Link between Secondary School Heads' Leadership Styles and Teacher Performance

Author

Nasim, Farhat, Khurshid, Khalid, Akhtar, Samina, Kousar, Farzana, Nasim, Farhat, Khurshid, Khalid, Akhtar, Samina, and Kousar, Farzana

Abstract

School Heads assume the ultimate obligation of accountability for student Academic excellence and teachers' performance in their institutions. The current Research exploration endeavored to analyze how the different leadership styles of school heads affect the performance of their teachers at public secondary schools in Multan. A descriptive research approach was employed in the current investigation. Data was collected using a questionnaire from a sample of four hundred and nineteen (419), including 187 male and 232 female teachers selected through stratified random sampling from secondary schools in the district of Multan, South Punjab, Pakistan. According to key highlighted observations of the study, Heads practiced all mixed leadership styles according to contextual requirements. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between teachers in terms of their professional and academic backgrounds or on the basis of their teaching experience. Moreover, according to manifested results, teachers' performance varied significantly according to their locations and gender. This study may help identify leadership approaches that inspire and empower teachers, leading to higher levels of productivity and overall job performance. Additionally, it is recommended that training for cultivating leadership styles that positively impact teacher performance be provided in educational institutions.

Published
2023

28. Promoting Inclusion in Education: Teachers’ Attitude and Self-efficacy towards Differently Abled Children in Mainstream Schools

Author

Nasim, Farhat, Hussain, Sarfraz, Akhtar, Samina, Shoqat, Inza, Nasim, Farhat, Hussain, Sarfraz, Akhtar, Samina, and Shoqat, Inza

Abstract

Significant shifts in policy have been made in most of the developing nations, such as Pakistan, with regard to the inclusion of children with diverse learning needs, in particular those with disabilities. The main goal of this study was to investigate the attitudes and self-efficacy of teachers towards differently abled children in mainstream schools. Data was collected from three hundred and sixty one (361) primary school teachers working in Multan District, where an inclusive education pilot project is being implemented, using a quantitative research design. The results regarding the teachers’ current practices, teachers’ attitudes, and teachers’ sense of self-efficacy towards differently abled children indicate an overall positive attitude in mainstream schools. However, results showed that on the basis of teacher’s gender, location, professional, and academic qualifications there was no statistically significant difference in their attitude except in the domain of teaching experience. The current study suggests that teachers’ in Multan need to be required to engage in professional training focused on effectively managing students with disabilities in mainstream classrooms. These trainings seem to be offering great support for these teachers.

Published
2023

29. Implementation of the Bachelor of Studies (BS) Program in Government Colleges of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Prospects and Challenges.

Author

Rehman, Seema, Khan, Salman Hamid, and Akhtar, Samina

Subjects
UNIVERSITY faculty, PUBLIC universities & colleges, GOVERNMENT programs, INNOVATIONS in higher education, CONVENIENCE sampling (Statistics)
Abstract

The present study explores the challenges and issues faced in the implementation of the BS program offered in government colleges and public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The responsibilities of colleges and universities are highlighted in view of National Education Policies. The research shows how and why the BS education system was initiated in Higher Education Institutions and what measures were taken for its successful implementation. The research methodology used was exploratory in nature, employing a mixed method approach for triangulation. The target population of the study was 65 randomly selected government colleges of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, sampled through the Convenience Sampling Technique. Primary data was collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and a questionnaire from 127 faculty members of government colleges. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, while the qualitative data was analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The findings of the study highlight the importance of academic autonomy for the government colleges to enable them to grow in knowledge and research. Recommendations such as bringing innovation to higher education, initiating research journals, strengthening of the Higher Education Academy of Research & Training (HEART) and implementing a rationalization policy in transfer rules at the directorate level, are made in light of the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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30. Factors affecting TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction) flow grade in patients undergoing primary PCI (Percutaneous Coronary Intervention).

Author

Hussain, Muhammad, Ammar, Ali, Aslam, Samina, ul Haq, Riaz, Nazeer, Zain, and Akhtar, Samina

Subjects
CORONARY circulation, PERCUTANEOUS coronary intervention, MYOCARDIAL infarction, CORONARY arteries, THROMBOLYTIC therapy
Abstract

Objective: To determine the causes of normal blood flow in coronary arteries in patients presenting with STEMI and receiving pPCI. Study Design: Observational study conducted retrospectively. Setting: National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD) Karachi, Cath Lab. Period: August 17 2020 to November 2020. Material & Methods: Data was obtained from patients presented to the emergency department with STEMI and experienced primary PCI in last two years from January 2016 to Decemebr 2018.Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19 was used analyze these data. Th in those patients who had suboptimal coronary blood flow. Young patients <40 years of age had more (14%) normal coronary blood flow as compared to elders i.e >40 years. Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, and smoking had no significant impact on coronary blood flow in these patients. Conclusion: In this study, it was found that most of the coronary arteries had abnormal blood flow during primary PCI. Multiple factors are affecting the blood flow in coronaries. The onset of symptoms and the time presented in the hospital was the main factors. Further studies are required to find more reasons for having normal blood flow in coronaries in STEMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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31. Technology-Assisted Mental Health Intervention Delivered by Frontline Workers at Community Doorsteps for Reducing Anxiety and Depression in Rural Pakistan: Protocol for the mPareshan Mixed Methods Implementation Trial.

Author

Rabbani, Fauziah, Nafis, Javeria, Akhtar, Samina, Khan, Muhammad Shahid, Sayani, Saleem, Siddiqui, Amna, Siddiqi, Sameen, and Merali, Zul

Subjects
MENTAL health, ANXIETY, MENTAL depression, CLINICAL trials, STAKEHOLDERS
Abstract

Background: There is a dearth of specialized mental health workforce in low- and middle-income countries. Use of mobile technology by frontline community health workers (CHWs) is gaining momentum in Pakistan and needs to be explored as an alternate strategy to improve mental well-being. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and usefulness of an app-based counseling intervention delivered by government lady health workers (LHWs) to reduce anxiety and depression in rural Pakistan. Methods: Project mPareshan is a single-arm, pre- and posttest implementation research trial in Badin District, Sindh, using mixed methods of data collection executed in 3 phases (preintervention, intervention, and postintervention). In the preintervention phase, formative qualitative assessments through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews assess the acceptability and appropriateness of intervention through perceptions of all concerned stakeholders using a specific interview guide. A REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture)-based baseline survey using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale (GAD-7) determines the point prevalence of depression and anxiety among consenting men and women older than 18 years. Individuals with mild and moderate anxiety and depression are identified as screen positives (SPs) and are eligible for mPareshan app–based intervention. Mental health literacy of health workers is improved through customized training adapting the World Health Organization's Mental Health Gap Action Programme guide 2.0. The intervention (mPareshan app) consists of tracking, counseling, and referral segments. The tracking segment facilitates participant consent and enrollment while the referral segment is used by LHWs to transfer severe cases to the next level of specialist care. Through the counseling segment, identified SPs are engaged during LHWs' routine home visits in 6 face-to-face 20-minute counseling sessions over 6 months. Each session imparts psychoeducation through audiovisual aids, breathing exercises, and coping skills to reduce stress. Clinical and implementation outcomes include change in mean anxiety and depression scores and identification of facilitators and barriers in intervention uptake and rollout. Results: At the time of this submission (April 2024), we are analyzing the results of 366 individuals who participated in the baseline prevalence survey, the change in knowledge and skills of 72 health workers who took the mPareshan training, change in anxiety and depression scores of 98 SPs recruited for app-based counseling intervention, and perceptions of stakeholders pre- and postintervention gathered through 8 focus group discussions and 18 in-depth interviews. Conclusions: This trial will assess the feasibility of early home-based mental health screening, counseling, and prompt referrals by frontline health workers to reduce anxiety and depression in the community. The study findings will set the stage for integrating mental health into primary health care. Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12622000989741; https://tinyurl.com/5n844c8z International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/54272 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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32. SIMULTANEOUS PRESENTATION OF MICHEAL AND MONDINI MALFORMATIONS IN A SINGLE PATIENT; REPORT OF A RARE CASE.

Author

Nazir, Rashed, Bhinder, Khurram Khaliq, Mehboob, Amna, Akhtar, Samina, and Aslam, Muhammad Azeem

Subjects
INNER ear, DEAF people, SEMICIRCULAR canals, HUMAN abnormalities, CONSANGUINITY
Abstract

Autosomal-recessive genes account for over 80% of non-syndromic deafness patients, with a large proportion of those resulting in cochlear disease. In our case, on the left, there was a total lack of all inner ear structures, including the cochlea, semicircular canals, vestibular and cochlear aqueducts, resulting in Michael deformity/full labyrinthine aplasia. However, cochlea abnormally has 1.5 turns: a basal turn and a cystic apex with an expanded vestibule, resulting in the mondini deformity on the right. Pakistan has a high frequency of inherited pre-lingual deafness due to the strong cultural practice of consanguineous marriages and a lack of information regarding screening procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024

33. A Jungian Exploration of Persona and Identity in The Kite Runner.

Author

Rehman, Seema, Akhtar, Samina, Khan, Salman Hamid, and Bukhai, Syeda Javaria

Subjects
QUALITATIVE research, CROSS-cultural differences, SELF-actualization (Psychology)
Abstract

Khaled Hosseini's The Kite Runner (2003) explores the complexities of identity through the concept of Carl Jung's persona, which refers to the mask we present to the world. This study utilizes a qualitative research approach to examine the internal conflicts of Amir and Baba as they navigate the division between their carefully crafted public personas and their hidden desires. Through close analysis of the novel's text, this study focuses on the characters' words, actions, and internal monologues to reveal the personas they construct. Additionally, interpretations of Jungian psychology and literary criticism further enhance this analysis by examining the concept of the persona. By examining how Amir and Baba navigate the societal pressures of war-torn Afghanistan, this study investigates the motivations behind their contrasting personas – Amir, who is burdened by guilt and yearning for approval, and Baba, who personifies unwavering Pashtun ideals while masking a past transgression. Through this analysis, we shed light on the potential hypocrisy inherent in constructed identities. Furthermore, this research delves into the characters' past experiences to understand how these experiences shape their need to project a certain image. Ultimately, this analysis aims to uncover the characters' shadows by exploring the concept of the persona, which illuminates their journey of redemption and the complex interplay between societal expectations and the longing for authenticity. This analysis suggests that confronting these hidden aspects of ourselves is crucial for personal growth and, potentially, collective transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024

38. Evaluation of English Achievement Test: A Comparison between High and Low Achievers amongst Selected Elementary School Students of Pakistan

Author

Haider, Zubair, Latif, Farah, Akhtar, Samina, and Mushtaq, Maria

Abstract

Validity, reliability and item analysis are critical to the process of evaluating the quality of an educational measurement. The present study evaluates the quality of an assessment constructed to measure elementary school student's achievement in English. In this study, the survey model of descriptive research was used as a research method. Students of both genders (male/female) constitute the population of the study. To measure the achievement level of students, a test of English language as a subject was administered to the sample of 150 students (75 males and 75 females) of 8th grade. They were selected by convenient sampling method from 10 (5 private sectors and 5 public sectors) schools in Pakistan. English Achievement Test for elementary students comprises of 50 multiple-choice items (developed by the author), was used. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Z-test and item analysis. The results of the study indicate that male student's achievement level in English is better than the female students at elementary level in selected schools. (Contains 5 tables and 4 figures.)

Published
2012

39. Unveiling the Hurdles in Promoting Inclusive Culture within the Classroom: Insights from Teachers at Government Primary Schools.

Author

Batool, Muazmma, Naz Bukhari, Syeda Tehmina, Akhtar, Samina, and Naseer, Samra

Subjects
PRIMARY school teachers, INCLUSIVE education, CULTURE, PRIMARY schools, CLASSROOMS
Abstract

Inclusive education strives to provide all students with equal opportunities irrespective of their capacities or learning requirements. However, the success of inclusive education relies on understanding teacher perspectives, as they play a central role in this new approach. The objective of the current quantitative research study was to assess the hurdles that primary teachers encounter when trying to foster an inclusive culture in mainstream government primary schools in the district of Multan. To ensure a representative sample, a multistage sampling technique was employed to select participants for the study. The findings of the study revealed a range of hurdles and issues faced by teachers in promoting inclusive practices within the classroom, including insufficient training, limited availability of resources, and a lack of support services. This research might contribute valuable insights to policymakers, administrators, and educational stakeholders, enabling them to design targeted interventions and support mechanisms that effectively address these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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40. The Wounds of Innocence: A Jungian Reading of Hassan in Khaled Hosseini's The Kite Runner.

Author

Rehman, Seema, Akhtar, Samina, and Khan, Salman Hamid

Subjects
ARCHETYPES, SOCIAL pressure, REDEMPTION
Abstract

This study explores the concept of an archetypal "scapegoat" in Khaled Hosseini's The Kite Runner (2003) through the main characters, Amir and Hassan. It argues that Amir's mistakes and the harsh environment of war-torn Afghanistan drive him to blame Hassan for his wrongdoings. The findings of the study indicate that true friendship involves selfannihilation and life-threatening circumstances. Amir's guilt and societal pressures cause him to project his transgressions onto Hassan, who serves as a Christ-like figure of sacrifice. This tragic interplay reveals the destructive potential of the scapegoat motif, impacting both characters and emphasizing the need for self-reflection and societal healing after conflict. The novel also offers hope through the concept of the process of self-improvement. By fostering self-examination, critical introspection, and a commitment to personal growth, individuals can potentially dismantle the mechanisms of scapegoating and pave the way for individual and collective healing, redemption, and transformation. The study also has thematic connections to the rebuilding of Afghan society after decades of wars and bloodshed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

43. Exploring Students’ Readiness in context of Transformation from Traditional to Online Teaching Practices at Higher Education Institutions

Author

Akhtar, Samina, Khurshid, Khalid, Noureen, Shazia, Akhtar, Samina, Khurshid, Khalid, and Noureen, Shazia

Abstract

This study analyzed students ‘perceived readiness at Higher Education Institutions in Pakistan. A quantitative approach was used to collect data through survey method from 368 students (151 males and 217 females) from five public sector Higher education institutions of South Punjab, Pakistan. The scale adopted in this study Online Learning Readiness (OLRS) was designed by Hung et al. (2010).The gathered data was analyzed by using SPSS. The collected data revealed that students were highly prepared for online learning and were successful and confident in their online educational endeavors. However, a significant difference was observed in opinion of male and female respondents on five dimensions of scale. In present study, male students exhibited more readiness than female students. These findings will help institutions and teachers with providing further training to improve students' digital skills, ensuring the improvement of learning practices in new online environments, and implementing guidelines and policies.

Published
2022

46. Gender Identity Issues: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Daniyal Mueenuddin's Short Story, Saleema.

Author

Ali, Zafar, Akhtar, Samina, and Shafiq, Muhammad

Subjects
GENDER identity, CRITICAL discourse analysis, SOCIOECONOMICS
Abstract

This article focuses the difficulties encountered by women in Pakistani society as a result of the prevailing patriarchal norms, with a particular emphasis on issues of exploitation. The study aims to effectively sensitize the younger generation to these critical issues and underscore the influential impact of discourse in perpetuating gender inequality, while mitigating potential political and social ramifications. This paper employs the principles of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to examine the construction of gender identity in the short story Saleema, the poignant narrative of a servant girl's rejection, her descent into engaging in sexual favors, and her eventual destitution. The examination reveals the utilization of discourse strategies and manipulative speech that mold gender identity, along with the socioeconomic elements that impact it. The results indicate that women residing in patriarchal societies, such as Pakistan, frequently experience a lack of independence and are subjected to mistreatment. Their roles are primarily defined by men, which greatly restricts their ability to act autonomously. The research emphasizes the importance of acknowledging these concerns and confronting the existing gender norms and roles in Pakistani society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

50. Imaging features of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis

Author

Akhtar, Samina

Subjects
Complications, Eyes, Acute, MR, CNS, Infection, Diagnostic procedure, Ear / Nose / Throat, CT
Abstract

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: To describe the imaging findings in the patients with rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis. To describe the common pathways for spread of craniofacial mucor...

Published
2021
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