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1. A Smartphone Game to Prevent HIV Among Young Africans (Tumaini): Assessing Intervention and Study Acceptability Among Adolescents and Their Parents in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Author: Sabben, Gaëlle, Mudhune, Victor, Ondeng'e, Ken, Odero, Isdorah, Ndivo, Richard, Akelo, Victor, and Winskell, Kate
Subjects: Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: BackgroundYoung people aged 15 to 24 years account for one-third of new adult HIV infections. Controlling the HIV epidemic requires effective interventions targeted toward young people and their needs. Smartphone games offer a promising avenue for reaching this population with evidence-based HIV prevention interventions. It is crucial to the effectiveness of these interventions that they be acceptable and intrinsically motivating to adolescents as well as acceptable to their parents. ObjectiveTumaini is a narrative-based smartphone game designed to help prevent HIV among young Africans aged 11 to 14 years by delaying first sex and increasing condom use at first sex. Following a 16-day feasibility study of Tumaini, we assessed the acceptability (1) of the intervention, where acceptability was operationalized as appeal, relevance, value, usability, and understandability, and (2) of this study and a planned future randomized controlled efficacy trial. MethodsDuring the randomized feasibility study (n=60) of Tumaini in western Kenya in spring 2017, 30 participants used the intervention on a study-provided smartphone. The app automatically logged participant interaction with the game in time-stamped log files. All 30 participants completed an Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview–based game experience survey, and 27 took part in 4 focus group discussions (FGDs) about the game’s appeal, relevance, value, usability, and understandability. Their parents (n=22) also participated in 4 FGDs about the acceptability of the intervention, of this study, and of a planned efficacy trial. Survey data were analyzed using SAS software (SAS Institute Inc); FGD transcripts were coded and analyzed in MAXQDA 12 (Verbi GmbH); and gameplay log files were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. ResultsAdolescent participants’ survey responses indicated that Tumaini scored well with players on all indicators of acceptability (appeal, relevance, value, usability, and understandability). Focus group analyses aligned with these findings and emphasized a high degree of player engagement with the game, which was supported by log file analysis. Adolescent participants were eager for additional content, and parents were receptive to a longer study involving biomarkers, based on their positive experiences with this study. There is scope to improve communication with parents about their role in the intervention. As the game was tested in beta version, there is also scope to fine-tune some of the game mechanics to increase usability. ConclusionsThis study shows the strong acceptability of an interactive smartphone-based game both to adolescents and their parents in western Kenya and that of the study methods used to pilot-test the intervention. It also suggests that longitudinal efficacy studies of this type of intervention, including those using biomarkers, have the potential to be acceptable among parents. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03054051; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03054051 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/70U2gCNtW)
Published: 2019
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2. A Smartphone Game-Based Intervention (Tumaini) to Prevent HIV Among Young Africans: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Author: Winskell, Kate, Sabben, Gaëlle, Akelo, Victor, Ondeng'e, Ken, Obong'o, Christopher, Stephenson, Rob, Warhol, David, and Mudhune, Victor
Subjects: Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: BackgroundThere is a pressing need to ensure that youth in high HIV prevalence settings are prepared for a safer sexual debut. Smartphone ownership is increasing dramatically in low-income and middle-income countries. Smartphone games that are appropriately grounded in behavioral theory and evidence-based practice have the potential to become valuable tools in youth HIV prevention efforts in Sub-Saharan Africa. ObjectiveTo pilot-test a theory-based, empirically grounded smartphone game for young Kenyans designed to increase age and condom use at first sex, aiming to establish directionality of effects on behavior change. MethodsTumaini (“hope for the future” in Swahili) is an interactive, narrative-based game grounded in social cognitive theory. A randomized controlled pilot study was conducted in Kisumu, Western Kenya, from April to June 2017 with 60 participants aged 11-14 (mean 12.7) years. Intervention arm participants (n=30) were provided with an Android smartphone with Tumaini installed on it and were instructed to play the game for at least 1 hour a day for 16 days; control arm participants (n=30) received no intervention. All participants completed a survey on behavioral mediators, delivered via an audio computer-assisted self-interview system at baseline (T1), post intervention (T2), and at 6 weeks postintervention (T3). The postintervention survey for intervention arm participants included questions eliciting feedback on the game. Intervention arm participants and their parents participated in 8 postintervention focus group discussions. Game log files were analyzed to calculate the length of exposure to the game. Behavioral survey data were analyzed using two-sample t tests to compare mean change from T1 to T2 and to T3 for intervention versus control arm participants. Descriptive statistics on game feedback questions were computed. Focus group transcripts were uploaded to MAXQDA software, where they were labeled with deductive and inductive codes. Data were analyzed thematically and compared across demographics. ResultsIntervention arm participants played Tumaini for a mean of approximately 27 hours. The intervention arm showed significant gains in sexual health-related knowledge and self-efficacy (both P
Published: 2018
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3. Adverse maternal, fetal, and newborn outcomes among pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an individual participant data meta-analysis

Author: Smith, Emily R, Oakley, Erin, Grandner, Gargi Wable, Ferguson, Kacey, Farooq, Fouzia, Afshar, Yalda, Ahlberg, Mia, Ahmadzia, Homa, Akelo, Victor, Aldrovandi, Grace, Barr, Beth A Tippett, Bevilacqua, Elisa, Brandt, Justin S, Broutet, Nathalie, Buhigas, Irene Fernández, Carrillo, Jorge, Clifton, Rebecca, Conry, Jeanne, Cosmi, Erich, Crispi, Fatima, Crovetto, Francesca, Delgado-López, Camille, Divakar, Hema, Driscoll, Amanda J, Favre, Guillaume, Flaherman, Valerie J, Gale, Chris, Gil, Maria M, Gottlieb, Sami L, Gratacós, Eduard, Hernandez, Olivia, Jones, Stephanie, Kalafat, Erkan, Khagayi, Sammy, Knight, Marian, Kotloff, Karen, Lanzone, Antonio, Le Doare, Kirsty, Lees, Christoph, Litman, Ethan, Lokken, Erica M, Longo, Valentina Laurita, Madhi, Shabir A, Magee, Laura A, Martinez-Portilla, Raigam Jafet, McClure, Elizabeth M, Metz, Tori D, Miller, Emily S, Money, Deborah, Moungmaithong, Sakita, Mullins, Edward, Nachega, Jean B, Nunes, Marta C, Onyango, Dickens, Panchaud, Alice, Poon, Liona C, Raiten, Daniel, Regan, Lesley, Rukundo, Gordon, Sahota, Daljit, Sakowicz, Allie, Sanin-Blair, Jose, Söderling, Jonas, Stephansson, Olof, Temmerman, Marleen, Thorson, Anna, Tolosa, Jorge E, Townson, Julia, Valencia-Prado, Miguel, Visentin, Silvia, von Dadelszen, Peter, Waldorf, Kristina Adams, Whitehead, Clare, Yassa, Murat, Tielsch, Jim M, Langenegger, Eduard, Sam-Agudu, Nadia A, Gachuno, Onesmus W, Sekikubo, Musa, Mukwege, Denis M, Omore, Richard, Ouma, Gregory, Onyango, Clayton, Otieno, Kephas, Were, Zacchaeus Abaja, Were, Joyce, İlter, Pinar Birol, Mboizi, Robert, Hookham, Lauren, Meli, Federica, Bonanni, Giulia, Romanzi, Federica, Torcia, Eleonora, di Ilio, Chiara, Ananth, Cande V, Hill, Jennifer, Reddy, Ajay, Patrick, Haylea Sweat, Baba, Vuyelwa, and Adam, Mary
Subjects: Biodefense, Pneumonia, Lung, Infant Mortality, Vaccine Related, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Clinical Research, Pediatric, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Preterm, Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Pneumonia & Influenza, Infection, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Female, Humans, Pregnant Women, Prospective Studies, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Maternal health, Epidemiology, Perinatal COVID PMA Study Collaborators
Abstract: IntroductionDespite a growing body of research on the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, there is continued controversy given heterogeneity in the quality and design of published studies.MethodsWe screened ongoing studies in our sequential, prospective meta-analysis. We pooled individual participant data to estimate the absolute and relative risk (RR) of adverse outcomes among pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, compared with confirmed negative pregnancies. We evaluated the risk of bias using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.ResultsWe screened 137 studies and included 12 studies in 12 countries involving 13 136 pregnant women.Pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection-as compared with uninfected pregnant women-were at significantly increased risk of maternal mortality (10 studies; n=1490; RR 7.68, 95% CI 1.70 to 34.61); admission to intensive care unit (8 studies; n=6660; RR 3.81, 95% CI 2.03 to 7.17); receiving mechanical ventilation (7 studies; n=4887; RR 15.23, 95% CI 4.32 to 53.71); receiving any critical care (7 studies; n=4735; RR 5.48, 95% CI 2.57 to 11.72); and being diagnosed with pneumonia (6 studies; n=4573; RR 23.46, 95% CI 3.03 to 181.39) and thromboembolic disease (8 studies; n=5146; RR 5.50, 95% CI 1.12 to 27.12).Neonates born to women with SARS-CoV-2 infection were more likely to be admitted to a neonatal care unit after birth (7 studies; n=7637; RR 1.86, 95% CI 1.12 to 3.08); be born preterm (7 studies; n=6233; RR 1.71, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.29) or moderately preterm (7 studies; n=6071; RR 2.92, 95% CI 1.88 to 4.54); and to be born low birth weight (12 studies; n=11 930; RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.40). Infection was not linked to stillbirth. Studies were generally at low or moderate risk of bias.ConclusionsThis analysis indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection at any time during pregnancy increases the risk of maternal death, severe maternal morbidities and neonatal morbidity, but not stillbirth or intrauterine growth restriction. As more data become available, we will update these findings per the published protocol.
Published: 2023

4. Post-mortem investigation of deaths due to pneumonia in children aged 1–59 months in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia from 2016 to 2022: an observational study

Author: Adam, Yasmin, Agaya, Janet, Ahmed, A.S.M. Nawshad Uddin, Ahmed, Dilruba, Alemu, Addisu, Ali, Solomon, Ameh, Soter, Aol, George, Argeseanu, Solveig, Ariuman, Farida, Balogun, Oluseyi, Bari, Sanwarul, Basket, Margaret, Begum, Ferdousi, Bhandari, Manu, Blevins, John, Bunn, James, Bursuc, Courtney, Cain, Carrie Jo, Chawana, Richard, Chawla, Kiranpreet, Chukwuegbo, Cornell, Diarra, Kounandji, Diarra, Tiéman, Diaz, Maureen, Duduyemi, Babatunde, Fairchild, Karen D., Flora, Meerjady Sabrina, Fritz, Ashleigh, Garel, Mischka, Gaume, Brigitte, Gizaw, Mahlet Abayneh, Govender, Nelesh P., Greene, Carol L., Gure, Tadesse, Halu, Binyam, Hoque, Mahbubul, Hwinya, Cleopas, Ibrahim, Alexander M., Igunza, Kitiezo Aggrey, Islam, Ferdousi, Ita, Okokon, Jambai, Amara, Johnson, J. Kristie, Juma, Jane, Kaluma, Erick, Kamal, Mohammed, Kaykay, Osman, Kenneh, Sartie, Khagayi, Sammy, Koka, Rima, Kone, Diakaridia, Koplan, Jeffrey P., Kourouma, Nana, Kowuor, Dickens, LaHatte, Kristin, Lala, Sanjay G., Lee, Kyu Han, Liu, Lucy, Lombaard, Hennie, Maixenchs, Maria, Manhique, Zara, Mannah, Margaret, Martines, Roosecelis, Mash, Ronald, Mehta, Ashka, Menéndez, Clara, Misore, Thomas, Mocumbi, Sibone, Moseray, Andrew, Moses, Francis, Muga, Christopher, Munguambe, Khátia, Myburgh, Nellie, Nair, Shailesh, Ndagurwa, Pedzisai, Nhacolo, Ariel, Nhampossa, Tacilta, Nwajiobi, Princewill, Ochola, Christine, Oliech, Richard, Oluoch, Bernard, Onwuchekwa, Uma U., Onyango, Peter Nyamthimba, Orlien, Stian MS, Otieno, Peter, Oundo, Joseph, Owuor, Harun, Parveen, Shahana, Petersen, Karen, Pratt, Samuel, Rahman, Mahbubur, Rahman, Mohammad Mosiur, Rahman, Mustafizur, Raymer, Sarah, Ritter, Jana, Salzberg, Navit T., Samura, Solomon, Sannoh, Sulaiman, Sanogo, Doh, Seppeh, Martin, Sesay, Tom, Sesay, Joseph Kamanda, Shirin, Tahmina, Sissoko, Seydou, Smart, Francis, Sorour, Gillian, Squire, James, Swaray-Deen, Alim, Swart, Peter J., Tarawally, Fatmata Bintu, Tasnim, Saria, Temesgen, Fikremelekot, Tennant, Sharon M., Traore, Cheick Bougadari, Traore, Awa, Velaphi, Sithembiso, Vyas, Kurt, Wadhwa, Ashutosh, Wadula, Jeannette, Waller, Jessica, Wanga, Valentine, Warang, Shamta, Were, Joyce Akinyi, Wilson, Tais, Winchell, Jonas, Wise, Amy, Witherbee, Jakob, Yeshi, Melisachew Mulatu, Zaman, K., Mahtab, Sana, Blau, Dianna M, Madewell, Zachary J, Ogbuanu, Ikechukwu, Ojulong, Julius, Lako, Sandra, Legesse, Hailemariam, Bangura, Joseph S, Bassat, Quique, Mandomando, Inacio, Xerinda, Elisio, Fernandes, Fabiola, Varo, Rosauro, Sow, Samba O, Kotloff, Karen L, Tapia, Milagritos D, Keita, Adama Mamby, Sidibe, Diakaridia, Onyango, Dickens, Akelo, Victor, Gethi, Dickson, Verani, Jennifer R, Revathi, Gunturu, Scott, J Anthony G, Assefa, Nega, Madrid, Lola, Bizuayehu, Hiwot, Tirfe, Tseyon Tesfaye, El Arifeen, Shams, Gurley, Emily S, Islam, Kazi Munisul, Alam, Muntasir, Zahid Hossain, Mohammad, Dangor, Ziyaad, Baillie, Vicky L, Hale, Martin, Mutevedzi, Portia, Breiman, Robert F, Whitney, Cynthia G, and Madhi, Shabir A
Published: 2024
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5. Burden of child mortality from malaria in high endemic areas: Results from the CHAMPS network using minimally invasive tissue sampling

Author: Ogbuanu, Ikechukwu U., Otieno, Kephas, Varo, Rosauro, Sow, Samba O., Ojulong, Julius, Duduyemi, Babatunde, Kowuor, Dickens, Cain, Carrie Jo, Rogena, Emily A., Onyango, Dickens, Akelo, Victor, Tippett Barr, Beth A., terKuile, Feiko, Kotloff, Karen L., Tapia, Milagritos D., Keita, Adama Mamby, Juma, Jane, Assefa, Nega, Assegid, Nardos, Acham, Yenework, Madrid, Lola, Scott, J. Anthony G., Arifeen, Shams El, Gurley, Emily S., Mahtab, Sana, Dangor, Ziyaad, Wadula, Jeannette, Dutoit, Jeanie, Madhi, Shabir A., Mandomando, Inácio, Torres-Fernandez, David, Kincardett, Milton, Mabunda, Rita, Mutevedzi, Portia, Madewell, Zachary J., Blau, Dianna M., Whitney, Cynthia G., Samuels, Aaron M., and Bassat, Quique
Published: 2024
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6. First cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and secondary transmission in Kisumu, Kenya

Author: Barr, Beth A Tippett, Herman-Roloff, Amy, Mburu, Margaret, Murnane, Pamela M, Sang, Norton, Bukusi, Elizabeth, Oele, Elizabeth, Odhiambo, Albert, Lewis-Kulzer, Jayne, Onyango, Clayton O, Hunsperger, Elizabeth, Odhiambo, Francesca, Joseph, Rachel H, Munyua, Peninah, Othieno, Kephas, Mulwa, Edwin, Akelo, Victor, Muok, Erick, Bulterys, Marc, Nzioka, Charles, and Cohen, Craig R
Subjects: Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Rare Diseases, Prevention, Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Neurosciences, Biodefense, Vaccine Related, Infection, Good Health and Well Being
Abstract: We investigated the first 152 laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases (125 primary and 27 secondary) and their 248 close contacts in Kisumu County, Kenya. Conducted June 10-October 8, 2020, this study included interviews and sample collection at enrolment and 14-21 days later. Median age was 35 years (IQR 28-44); 69.0% reported COVID-19 related symptoms, most commonly cough (60.0%), headache (55.2%), fever (53.3%) and loss of taste or smell (43.8%). One in five were hospitalized, 34.4% >25 years of age had at least one comorbidity, and all deaths had comorbidities. Adults ≥25 years with a comorbidity were 3.15 (95% CI 1.37-7.26) times more likely to have been hospitalized or died than participants without a comorbidity. Infectious comorbidities included HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria, but no current cases of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, dengue fever, leptospirosis or chikungunya were identified. Thirteen (10.4%) of the 125 primary infections transmitted COVID-19 to 27 close contacts, 158 (63.7%) of whom resided or worked within the same household. Thirty-one percent (4 of 13) of those who transmitted COVID-19 to secondary cases were health care workers; no known secondary transmissions occurred between health care workers. This rapid assessment early in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic identified some context-specific characteristics which conflicted with the national line-listing of cases, and which have been substantiated in the year since. These included over two-thirds of cases reporting the development of symptoms during the two weeks after diagnosis, compared to the 7% of cases reported nationally; over half of cases reporting headaches, and nearly half of all cases reporting loss of taste and smell, none of which were reported at the time by the World Health Organization to be common symptoms. This study highlights the importance of rapid in-depth assessments of outbreaks in understanding the local epidemiology and response measures required.
Published: 2022

7. Protocol for a sequential, prospective meta-analysis to describe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the pregnancy and postpartum periods

Author: Smith, Emily R, Oakley, Erin, He, Siran, Zavala, Rebecca, Ferguson, Kacey, Miller, Lior, Grandner, Gargi Wable, Abejirinde, Ibukun-Oluwa Omolade, Afshar, Yalda, Ahmadzia, Homa, Aldrovandi, Grace, Akelo, Victor, Barr, Beth A Tippett, Bevilacqua, Elisa, Brandt, Justin S, Broutet, Natalie, Buhigas, Irene Fernández, Carrillo, Jorge, Clifton, Rebecca, Conry, Jeanne, Cosmi, Erich, Delgado-López, Camille, Divakar, Hema, Driscoll, Amanda J, Favre, Guillaume, Flaherman, Valerie, Gale, Christopher, Gil, Maria M, Godwin, Christine, Gottlieb, Sami, Bellolio, Olivia Hernandez, Kara, Edna, Khagayi, Sammy, Kim, Caron Rahn, Knight, Marian, Kotloff, Karen, Lanzone, Antonio, Le Doare, Kirsty, Lees, Christoph, Litman, Ethan, Lokken, Erica M, Longo, Valentina Laurita, Magee, Laura A, Martinez-Portilla, Raigam Jafet, McClure, Elizabeth, Metz, Torri D, Money, Deborah, Mullins, Edward, Nachega, Jean B, Panchaud, Alice, Playle, Rebecca, Poon, Liona C, Raiten, Daniel, Regan, Lesley, Rukundo, Gordon, Sanin-Blair, Jose, Temmerman, Marleen, Thorson, Anna, Thwin, Soe, Tolosa, Jorge E, Townson, Julia, Valencia-Prado, Miguel, Visentin, Silvia, von Dadelszen, Peter, Waldorf, Kristina Adams, Whitehead, Clare, Yang, Huixia, Thorlund, Kristian, and Tielsch, James M
Subjects: Reproductive Medicine, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Clinical Research, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Pediatric, Prevention, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, COVID-19, Child, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Postpartum Period, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, General Science & Technology
Abstract: We urgently need answers to basic epidemiological questions regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant and postpartum women and its effect on their newborns. While many national registries, health facilities, and research groups are collecting relevant data, we need a collaborative and methodologically rigorous approach to better combine these data and address knowledge gaps, especially those related to rare outcomes. We propose that using a sequential, prospective meta-analysis (PMA) is the best approach to generate data for policy- and practice-oriented guidelines. As the pandemic evolves, additional studies identified retrospectively by the steering committee or through living systematic reviews will be invited to participate in this PMA. Investigators can contribute to the PMA by either submitting individual patient data or running standardized code to generate aggregate data estimates. For the primary analysis, we will pool data using two-stage meta-analysis methods. The meta-analyses will be updated as additional data accrue in each contributing study and as additional studies meet study-specific time or data accrual thresholds for sharing. At the time of publication, investigators of 25 studies, including more than 76,000 pregnancies, in 41 countries had agreed to share data for this analysis. Among the included studies, 12 have a contemporaneous comparison group of pregnancies without COVID-19, and four studies include a comparison group of non-pregnant women of reproductive age with COVID-19. Protocols and updates will be maintained publicly. Results will be shared with key stakeholders, including the World Health Organization (WHO) Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health (MNCAH) Research Working Group. Data contributors will share results with local stakeholders. Scientific publications will be published in open-access journals on an ongoing basis.
Published: 2022

8. Child deaths caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia: a secondary analysis of Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) data

Author: Verani, Jennifer R, Blau, Dianna M, Gurley, Emily S, Akelo, Victor, Assefa, Nega, Baillie, Vicky, Bassat, Quique, Berhane, Mussie, Bunn, James, Cossa, Anelsio C A, El Arifeen, Shams, Gunturu, Revathi, Hale, Martin, Igunza, Aggrey, Keita, Adama M, Kenneh, Sartie, Kotloff, Karen L, Kowuor, Dickens, Mabunda, Rita, Madewell, Zachary J, Madhi, Shabir, Madrid, Lola, Mahtab, Sana, Miguel, Judice, Murila, Florence V, Ogbuanu, Ikechukwu U, Ojulong, Julius, Onyango, Dickens, Oundo, Joe O, Scott, J Anthony G, Sow, Samba, Tapia, Milagritos, Traore, Cheick B, Velaphi, Sithembiso, Whitney, Cynthia G, Mandomando, Inacio, and Breiman, Robert F
Published: 2024
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9. Hepatic Vitamin A Concentrations and Association with Infectious Causes of Child Death

Author: Gupta, Priya M., Madewell, Zachary J., Gannon, Bryan M., Grahn, Michael, Akelo, Victor, Onyango, Dickens, Mahtab, Sana, Madhi, Shabir A., Giri, Judith, Blau, Dianna M., Ramakrishnan, Usha, Stein, Aryeh D., Whitney, Cynthia G., Young, Melissa F., Tanumihardjo, Sherry A., and Suchdev, Parminder S.
Published: 2024
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10. Provider adherence to clinical care recommendations for infants and children who died in seven low- and middle-income countries in the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network

Author: Solomon, Fatima, Sorour, Gillian, Lombaard, Hennie, Wadula, Jeannette, Petersen, Karen, Hale, Martin, Govender, Nelesh P., Swart, Peter J., Lala, Sanjay G., Velaphi, Sithembiso, Chawana, Richard, Adam, Yasmin, Wise, Amy, Fritz, Ashleigh, Myburgh, Nellie, Ndagurwa, Pedzisai, Hwinya, Cleopas, Bari, Sanwarul, Parveen, Shahana, Kamal, Mohammed, Uddin Ahmed, A.S.M. Nawshad, Hoque, Mahbubul, Tasnim, Saria, Islam, Ferdousi, Ariuman, Farida, Rahman, Mohammad Mosiur, Begum, Ferdousi, Zaman, K., Rahman, Mustafizur, Ahmed, Dilruba, Flora, Meerjady Sabrina, Shirin, Tahmina, Rahman, Mahbubur, Oundo, Joseph, Ibrahim, Alexander M., Temesgen, Fikremelekot, Gure, Tadesse, Alemu, Addisu, Yeshi, Melisachew Mulatu, Gizaw, Mahlet Abayneh, Orlien, Stian, Ali, Solomon, Otieno, Peter, Onyango, Peter Nyamthimba, Agaya, Janet, Oliech, Richard, Were, Joyce Akinyi, Gethi, Dickson, Khagayi, Sammy, Aol, George, Misore, Thomas, Owuor, Harun, Mugah, Christopher, Oluoch, Bernard, Ochola, Christine, Tennant, Sharon M., Greene, Carol L., Mehta, Ashka, Johnson, J. Kristie, Gaume, Brigitte, Koka, Rima, Fairchild, Karen D., Kone, Diakaridia, Sanogo, Doh, Onwuchekwa, Uma U., Kourouma, Nana, Sissoko, Seydou, Traore, Cheick Bougadari, Juma, Jane, Diarra, Kounandji, Traore, Awa, Diarra, Tiéman, Chawla, Kiranpreet, Nhampossa, Tacilta, Manhique, Zara, Mocumbi, Sibone, Menéndez, Clara, Munguambe, Khátia, Nhacolo, Ariel, Maixenchs, Maria, Moseray, Andrew, Tarawally, Fatmata Bintu, Seppeh, Martin, Mash, Ronald, Ojulong, Julius, Duduyemi, Babatunde, Bunn, James, Swaray-Deen, Alim, Bangura, Joseph, Jambai, Amara, Mannah, Margaret, Ita, Okokon, Chukwuegbo, Cornell, Sannoh, Sulaiman, Nwajiobi, Princewill, Kowuor, Dickens, Kaluma, Erick, Balogun, Oluseyi, Samura, Solomon, Pratt, Samuel, Moses, Francis, Sesay, Tom, Squire, James, Sesay, Joseph Kamanda, Kaykay, Osman, Halu, Binyam, Legesse, Hailemariam, Smart, Francis, Kenneh, Sartie, Ameh, Soter, Ritter, Jana, Wilson, Tais, Winchell, Jonas, Witherbee, Jakob, Salzberg, Navit T., Koplan, Jeffrey P., Basket, Margaret, Wadhwa, Ashutosh, Lee, Kyu Han, Wanga, Valentine, Martines, Roosecelis, Warang, Shamta, Diaz, Maureen, Waller, Jessica, Nair, Shailesh, Liu, Lucy, Bursuc, Courtney, LaHatte, Kristin, Raymer, Sarah, Blevins, John, Argeseanu, Solveig, Vyas, Kurt, Bhandari, Manu, Rees, Chris A., Igunza, Kitiezo Aggrey, Madewell, Zachary J., Akelo, Victor, Onyango, Dickens, El Arifeen, Shams, Gurley, Emily S., Hossain, Mohammad Zahid, Rahman, Afruna, Alam, Muntasir, Scott, J. Anthony G., Assefa, Nega, Madrid, Lola, Belachew, Anteneh, Leulseged, Haleluya, Kotloff, Karen L., Sow, Samba O., Tapia, Milagritos D., Keita, Adama Mamby, Sidibe, Diakaridia, Sitoe, Antonio, Varo, Rosauro, Ajanovic, Sara, Bassat, Quique, Mandomando, Inácio, Tippett Barr, Beth A., Ogbuanu, Ikechukwu, Cain, Carrie Jo, Bassey, Ima-Abasi, Luke, Ronita, Gassama, Khadija, Madhi, Shabir, Dangor, Ziyaad, Mahtab, Sana, du Toit, Jeanie, Mutevedzi, Portia C., Blau, Dianna M., Breiman, Robert F., and Whitney, Cynthia G.
Published: 2023
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11. Neural tube defects as a cause of death among stillbirths, infants, and children younger than 5 years in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia: an analysis of the CHAMPS network

Author: Nawshad Uddin Ahmed, A.S.M., Hoque, Mahbubul, Kamal, Mohammed, Mosiur, Mohammad, Begum, Ferdousi, Tasnim, Saria, Flora, Meerjady Sabrina, Arjuman, Farida, Khan, Iqbal Ansary, Shirin, Tahmina, Rahman, Mahbubur, Bari, Sanwarul, Parveen, Shahana, Islam, Farzana, Hossain, Mohammad Zahid, Islam, Kazi Munisul, Ahmed, Mohammad Sabbir, Zaman, K, Rahman, Mustafizur, Ahmed, Dilruba, Chowdhury, Md Atique Iqbal, Alam, Muntasir, Lee, Kyu Han, Islam, Ferdousi, Oundo, Joseph O, Temesgen, Fikremelekot, Yeshi, Melisachew Mulatu, Ibrahim, Alexander M, Gure, Tadesse, Edris, Yunus, Alemu, Addisu, Marami, Dadi, Lemma, Ephrem, Mekonnen, Ayantu, Wale, Henok, Tesfaye, Tseyon, Leulseged, Haleluya, Dufera, Tadesse, Belachew, Anteneh, Getnet, Fentabil, Fentaw, Surafel, Acham, Yenework, Orlien, Stian MS, Abayneh Gizaw, Mahlet, Rogena, Emily, Murila, Florence, Revathi, Gunturu, Mitei, Paul K, Kuria, Magdalene, Verani, Jennifer R, Igunza, Aggrey, Nyamthimba, Peter, Oele, Elizabeth, Fairchild, Karen D, Greene, Carol L, Koka, Rima, Mehta, Ashka, Tennant, Sharon M, Johnson, J Kristie, Keita, Tatiana, Keita, Adama Mamby, Kourouma, Nana, Onwuchekwa, Uma U, Traore, Awa, Sanogo, Doh, Sidibe, Diakaridia, Sissoko, Seydou, Kone, Diakaridia, Kindcardett, Milton, Munguambe, Khátia, Nhacolo, Ariel, Nhampossa, Tacilta, Vitorino, Pio, Xerinda, Elisio, Bramugy, Justina, Monjane, Celso, Nhachungue, Sheila, Hurtado, Juan Carlos, Maixenchs, Maria, Menéndez, Clara, Ordi, Jaume, Rakislova, Natalia, Valente, Marta, Manhique, Zara, Chitungo, Dercio, Mocumbi, Sibone, Carrilho, Carla, Fernandes, Fabiola, Pass Philipsborn, Rebecca, Koplan, Jeffrey P, Garel, Mischka, Dewey, Betsy, Nair, Shailesh, Salzberg, Navit T, Liu, Lucy, Alkis-Ramirez, Rebecca, Ritter, Jana M, Zaki, Sherif R, Gary, Joy, Winchell, Jonas M, Witherbee, Jacob, Waller, Jessica L, Fayorsey, Ruby, Luke, Ronita, Bassey, Ima-Abasi, Kowuor, Dickens, Sesay, Foday, Kosia, Baindu, Pratt, Samuel, Cain, Carrie-Jo, Samura, Solomon, Solomon, Fatima, Fritz, Ashleigh, Dludlu, Noluthando, Ntuli, Constance, Chawana, Richard, Petersen, Karen, Lala, Sanjay G, Velaphi, Sithembiso, Wadula, Jeannette, Hale, Martin, Swart, Peter J, Lombaard, Hennie, Moosa, Rahima, Sorour, Gillian, Madrid, Lola, Vyas, Kartavya J, Kancherla, Vijaya, Suchdev, Parminder S, Bassat, Quique, Sow, Samba O, El Arifeen, Shams, Madhi, Shabir A, Onyango, Dickens, Ogbuanu, Ikechukwu, Scott, J Anthony G, Blau, Dianna, Mandomando, Inacio, Keita, Adama M, Gurley, Emily S, Mahtab, Sana, Akelo, Victor, Sannoh, Sulaiman, Tilahun, Yenenesh, Varo, Rosauro, Onwuchekwa, Uma, Rahman, Afruna, Adam, Yasmin, Omore, Richard, Lako, Sandra, Wise, Amy, Tippet-Barr, Beth A, Kaluma, Erick, Ajanovic, Sara, Kotloff, Karen L, Mutevedzi, Portia, Tapia, Milagritos D, Moses, Francis, Whitney, Cynthia G, and Assefa, Nega
Published: 2023
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12. Clinical risk factors of adverse outcomes among women with COVID-19 in the pregnancy and postpartum period: a sequential, prospective meta-analysis

Author: Smith, Emily R., Oakley, Erin, Grandner, Gargi Wable, Rukundo, Gordon, Farooq, Fouzia, Ferguson, Kacey, Baumann, Sasha, Adams Waldorf, Kristina Maria, Afshar, Yalda, Ahlberg, Mia, Ahmadzia, Homa, Akelo, Victor, Aldrovandi, Grace, Bevilacqua, Elisa, Bracero, Nabal, Brandt, Justin S., Broutet, Natalie, Carrillo, Jorge, Conry, Jeanne, Cosmi, Erich, Crispi, Fatima, Crovetto, Francesca, del Mar Gil, Maria, Delgado-López, Camille, Divakar, Hema, Driscoll, Amanda J., Favre, Guillaume, Fernandez Buhigas, Irene, Flaherman, Valerie, Gale, Christopher, Godwin, Christine L., Gottlieb, Sami, Gratacós, Eduard, He, Siran, Hernandez, Olivia, Jones, Stephanie, Joshi, Sheetal, Kalafat, Erkan, Khagayi, Sammy, Knight, Marian, Kotloff, Karen L., Lanzone, Antonio, Laurita Longo, Valentina, Le Doare, Kirsty, Lees, Christoph, Litman, Ethan, Lokken, Erica M., Madhi, Shabir A., Magee, Laura A., Martinez-Portilla, Raigam Jafet, Metz, Torri D., Miller, Emily S., Money, Deborah, Moungmaithong, Sakita, Mullins, Edward, Nachega, Jean B., Nunes, Marta C., Onyango, Dickens, Panchaud, Alice, Poon, Liona C., Raiten, Daniel, Regan, Lesley, Sahota, Daljit, Sakowicz, Allie, Sanin-Blair, Jose, Stephansson, Olof, Temmerman, Marleen, Thorson, Anna, Thwin, Soe Soe, Tippett Barr, Beth A., Tolosa, Jorge E., Tug, Niyazi, Valencia-Prado, Miguel, Visentin, Silvia, von Dadelszen, Peter, Whitehead, Clare, Wood, Mollie, Yang, Huixia, Zavala, Rebecca, and Tielsch, James M.
Published: 2023
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13. Acceptability and Experiences with the Use of 3D Scans to Measure Anthropometry of Young Children in Surveys and Surveillance Systems from the Perspective of Field Teams and Caregivers

Author: Jefferds, Maria Elena D, Mei, Zuguo, Palmieri, Mireya, Mesarina, Karla, Onyango, Dickens, Mwando, Rael, Akelo, Victor, Liu, Jianmeng, Zhou, Yubo, Meng, Ying, and Bougma, Karim
Published: 2022
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14. Health care-seeking behavior for childhood illnesses in western Kenya: Qualitative findings from the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Study

Author: Ngere, Sarah, primary, Maixenchs, Maria, additional, Khagayi, Sammy, additional, Otieno, Peter, additional, Ochola, Kennedy, additional, Akoth, Kelvin, additional, Igunza, Aggrey, additional, Ochieng, Benard, additional, Onyango, Dickens, additional, Akelo, Victor, additional, Blevins, John, additional, and Barr, Beth A. Tippett, additional
Published: 2024
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15. The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella Surveillance Study in Kenya

Author: Omore, Richard, primary, Awuor, Alex O, additional, Ogwel, Billy, additional, Okonji, Caleb, additional, Sonye, Catherine, additional, Oreso, Caren, additional, Akelo, Victor, additional, Amollo, Manase, additional, Ogudi, Isaiah, additional, Anyango, Raphael O, additional, Audi, Marjorie, additional, Apondi, Evans, additional, Riziki, Laura, additional, Ambila, Lilian, additional, Dilruba, Nasrin, additional, Muok, Erick, additional, Munga, Stephen, additional, Ochieng, John B, additional, and Kotloff, Karen L, additional
Published: 2024
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16. Post-mortem investigation of deaths due to pneumonia in children aged 1–59 months in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia from 2016 to 2022: an observational study

Author: Mahtab, Sana, primary, Blau, Dianna M, additional, Madewell, Zachary J, additional, Ogbuanu, Ikechukwu, additional, Ojulong, Julius, additional, Lako, Sandra, additional, Legesse, Hailemariam, additional, Bangura, Joseph S, additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, Mandomando, Inacio, additional, Xerinda, Elisio, additional, Fernandes, Fabiola, additional, Varo, Rosauro, additional, Sow, Samba O, additional, Kotloff, Karen L, additional, Tapia, Milagritos D, additional, Keita, Adama Mamby, additional, Sidibe, Diakaridia, additional, Onyango, Dickens, additional, Akelo, Victor, additional, Gethi, Dickson, additional, Verani, Jennifer R, additional, Revathi, Gunturu, additional, Scott, J Anthony G, additional, Assefa, Nega, additional, Madrid, Lola, additional, Bizuayehu, Hiwot, additional, Tirfe, Tseyon Tesfaye, additional, El Arifeen, Shams, additional, Gurley, Emily S, additional, Islam, Kazi Munisul, additional, Alam, Muntasir, additional, Zahid Hossain, Mohammad, additional, Dangor, Ziyaad, additional, Baillie, Vicky L, additional, Hale, Martin, additional, Mutevedzi, Portia, additional, Breiman, Robert F, additional, Whitney, Cynthia G, additional, Madhi, Shabir A, additional, Adam, Yasmin, additional, Agaya, Janet, additional, Ahmed, A.S.M. Nawshad Uddin, additional, Ahmed, Dilruba, additional, Alemu, Addisu, additional, Ali, Solomon, additional, Ameh, Soter, additional, Aol, George, additional, Argeseanu, Solveig, additional, Ariuman, Farida, additional, Balogun, Oluseyi, additional, Bari, Sanwarul, additional, Basket, Margaret, additional, Begum, Ferdousi, additional, Bhandari, Manu, additional, Blevins, John, additional, Bunn, James, additional, Bursuc, Courtney, additional, Cain, Carrie Jo, additional, Chawana, Richard, additional, Chawla, Kiranpreet, additional, Chukwuegbo, Cornell, additional, Diarra, Kounandji, additional, Diarra, Tiéman, additional, Diaz, Maureen, additional, Duduyemi, Babatunde, additional, Fairchild, Karen D., additional, Flora, Meerjady Sabrina, additional, Fritz, Ashleigh, additional, Garel, Mischka, additional, Gaume, Brigitte, additional, Gizaw, Mahlet Abayneh, additional, Govender, Nelesh P., additional, Greene, Carol L., additional, Gure, Tadesse, additional, Halu, Binyam, additional, Hoque, Mahbubul, additional, Hwinya, Cleopas, additional, Ibrahim, Alexander M., additional, Igunza, Kitiezo Aggrey, additional, Islam, Ferdousi, additional, Ita, Okokon, additional, Jambai, Amara, additional, Johnson, J. Kristie, additional, Juma, Jane, additional, Kaluma, Erick, additional, Kamal, Mohammed, additional, Kaykay, Osman, additional, Kenneh, Sartie, additional, Khagayi, Sammy, additional, Koka, Rima, additional, Kone, Diakaridia, additional, Koplan, Jeffrey P., additional, Kourouma, Nana, additional, Kowuor, Dickens, additional, LaHatte, Kristin, additional, Lala, Sanjay G., additional, Lee, Kyu Han, additional, Liu, Lucy, additional, Lombaard, Hennie, additional, Maixenchs, Maria, additional, Manhique, Zara, additional, Mannah, Margaret, additional, Martines, Roosecelis, additional, Mash, Ronald, additional, Mehta, Ashka, additional, Menéndez, Clara, additional, Misore, Thomas, additional, Mocumbi, Sibone, additional, Moseray, Andrew, additional, Moses, Francis, additional, Muga, Christopher, additional, Munguambe, Khátia, additional, Myburgh, Nellie, additional, Nair, Shailesh, additional, Ndagurwa, Pedzisai, additional, Nhacolo, Ariel, additional, Nhampossa, Tacilta, additional, Nwajiobi, Princewill, additional, Ochola, Christine, additional, Oliech, Richard, additional, Oluoch, Bernard, additional, Onwuchekwa, Uma U., additional, Onyango, Peter Nyamthimba, additional, Orlien, Stian MS, additional, Otieno, Peter, additional, Oundo, Joseph, additional, Owuor, Harun, additional, Parveen, Shahana, additional, Petersen, Karen, additional, Pratt, Samuel, additional, Rahman, Mahbubur, additional, Rahman, Mohammad Mosiur, additional, Rahman, Mustafizur, additional, Raymer, Sarah, additional, Ritter, Jana, additional, Salzberg, Navit T., additional, Samura, Solomon, additional, Sannoh, Sulaiman, additional, Sanogo, Doh, additional, Seppeh, Martin, additional, Sesay, Tom, additional, Sesay, Joseph Kamanda, additional, Shirin, Tahmina, additional, Sissoko, Seydou, additional, Smart, Francis, additional, Sorour, Gillian, additional, Squire, James, additional, Swaray-Deen, Alim, additional, Swart, Peter J., additional, Tarawally, Fatmata Bintu, additional, Tasnim, Saria, additional, Temesgen, Fikremelekot, additional, Tennant, Sharon M., additional, Traore, Cheick Bougadari, additional, Traore, Awa, additional, Velaphi, Sithembiso, additional, Vyas, Kurt, additional, Wadhwa, Ashutosh, additional, Wadula, Jeannette, additional, Waller, Jessica, additional, Wanga, Valentine, additional, Warang, Shamta, additional, Were, Joyce Akinyi, additional, Wilson, Tais, additional, Winchell, Jonas, additional, Wise, Amy, additional, Witherbee, Jakob, additional, Yeshi, Melisachew Mulatu, additional, and Zaman, K., additional
Published: 2024
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17. Mothers’ Perspectives of Complementary Feeding Practices in an Urban Informal Settlement in Kisumu County, Western Kenya

Author: Reynolds, Elise C, Onyango, Dickens, Mwando, Rael, Oele, Elizabeth, Misore, Thomas, Agaya, Janet, Otieno, Peter, Tippett Barr, Beth A, Lee, Gwenyth O, and Akelo, Victor
Published: 2021
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18. A Smartphone Game to Prevent HIV among Young Kenyans: Household Dynamics of Gameplay in a Feasibility Study

Author: Winskell, Kate, Sabben, Gaëlle, Ondeng'e, Ken, Odero, Isdorah, Akelo, Victor, and Mudhune, Victor
Abstract: Objective: mHealth interventions often favour individual-level effects. This is particularly problematic in contexts where social support and shifts in social norms are critical to sustained behaviour change. Mobile digital games represent a promising health education strategy for youth, including in low-resource settings. We sought to better understand the interpersonal and social interactions that can be elicited by digital games for health. Design: We piloted "Tumaini," a smartphone game rooted in interactive narrative designed to prevent HIV among young Africans (aged 11-14), in a randomised controlled feasibility study and analysed reports of the household dynamics surrounding gameplay. Following a 16-day intervention period, phone gameplay log files were downloaded, and intervention arm participants (n = 30) completed a gameplay experience survey; eight focus group discussions were held, four with intervention arm participants (n = 27) and four with their parents (n = 22). Setting: This study took place in Kisumu, Kenya, in Spring 2017. Method: Descriptive statistics were computed from survey responses and log files. Focus group transcripts were labelled, analysed thematically and compared demographically using MAXQDA software. Results: Data from log files, surveys and focus groups indicate that the game generated considerable interaction and dialogue with parents, siblings and friends and served as a catalyst for children to act as advocates for healthful decisions about sex, both within the family and beyond. The game showed a high level of acceptability with parents. Conclusion: Serious digital games using a smartphone platform can generate considerable household interaction. Games can model and facilitate these exchanges, maximising multi-level effects. An additional app for parents could reinforce these effects.
Published: 2019
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19. Initial findings from a novel population-based child mortality surveillance approach: a descriptive study

Author: Acácio, Sozinho, Adam, Yasmin, Ajanovic, Sara, Alam, Muntasir, Alkis Ramirez, Rebecca, Badji, Henry, Bari, Sanwarul, Caneer, J. Patrick, Chowdhury, Atique Iqbal, Diaz, Maureen H., Fairchild, Karen D., Flora, Meerjady Sabrina, Garel, Mischka, Gibby, Adriana, Govender, Nelesh P., Greene, Carol L., Hale, Martin John, Hurtado, Juan Carlos, Johnson, J. Kristie, Kamal, Mohammed, Keita, Tatiana, Koka, Rima, Koné, Diakaridia, Lala, Sanjay G., Lombaard, Hennie, Mabunda, Rita, Martines, Roosecelis B., Mehta, Ashka, Menéndez, Clara, Mocumbi, Sibone, Moya, Claudia, Nhampossa, Tacilta, Onwuchekwa, Uma U., Parveen, Shahana, Petersen, Karen L., Phillipsborn, Rebecca Pass, Rahman, Mustafizur, Rakislova, Natalia, Ritter, Jana, Sazzad, Hossain M.S., Sidibe, Diakaridia, Sitoe, Antonio, Sivalogan, Kasthuri, Swanson, Jennifer M., Swart, Peter J., Tennant, Sharon M., Traoré, Cheick B., Varo Cobos, Rosauro, Vitorino, Pio, Valente, Marta, Velaphi, Sithembiso, Wadula, Jeannette, Waller, Jessica L., Wilkinson, Amanda L., Winchell, Jonas M., Taylor, Allan W, Blau, Dianna M, Bassat, Quique, Onyango, Dickens, Kotloff, Karen L, Arifeen, Shams El, Mandomando, Inacio, Chawana, Richard, Baillie, Vicky L, Akelo, Victor, Tapia, Milagritos D, Salzberg, Navit T, Keita, Adama Mamby, Morris, Timothy, Nair, Shailesh, Assefa, Nega, Seale, Anna C, Scott, J Anthony G, Kaiser, Reinhard, Jambai, Amara, Barr, Beth A Tippet, Gurley, Emily S, Ordi, Jaume, Zaki, Sherif R, Sow, Samba O, Islam, Farzana, Rahman, Afruna, Dowell, Scott F, Koplan, Jeffrey P, Raghunathan, Pratima L, Madhi, Shabir A, and Breiman, Robert F
Published: 2020
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20. Comparison of Masimo Total Hemoglobin SpHb® continuous non-invasive hemoglobin monitoring device with laboratory complete blood count measurement using venous sample: Protocol for an observational substudy of the Pregnancy Risk and Infant Surveillance and Measurement Alliance Maternal and Newborn Health (PRISMA MNH) study

Author: Farooq, Fouzia, primary, Smith, Emily R., additional, Pan, Qing, additional, Glass Baumann, Sasha, additional, Akelo, Victor, additional, Jehan, Fyezah, additional, Kasaro, Margaret, additional, Nisar, Imran, additional, Ouma, Gregory, additional, Vwalika, Bellington, additional, Spelke, M. Bridget, additional, Price, Joan T., additional, and Hoodbhoy, Zahra, additional
Published: 2024
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21. Community perceptions of incentives for minimally-invasive autopsy in Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) in Western Kenya: A qualitative study

Author: Ochola, Kennedy Omondi, primary, Ngere, Sarah Hawi, additional, Otieno, Peter, additional, Agaya, Janet, additional, Onyango, Dickens, additional, Akelo, Victor, additional, Omore, Richard, additional, and Barr, Beth A Tippett, additional
Published: 2023
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22. Causes of death in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children in the child health and mortality prevention surveillance study—Kenya

Author: Onyango, Dickens O., Akelo, Victor, van der Sande, Marianne A.B., Ridzon, Renee, Were, Joyce A., Agaya, Janet A., Oele, Elizabeth A., Wandiga, Steve, Igunza, Aggrey K., Young, Peter W., Blau, Dianna M., Joseph, Rachael H., Yuen, Courtney M., Zielinski-Gutierrez, Emily, and Tippet-Barr, Beth A.
Published: 2021
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23. Antiretroviral therapy and vaginally administered contraceptive hormones: a three-arm, pharmacokinetic study

Author: Barr, Liz, Blanchard-Horan, Christina, Connick, Elizabeth, Cermak, Mary Allegra, Chakhtoura, Nahida, Chang-Ching, Cecelia, Fox, Andee, Haas, David W., Landay, Alan, Leon, Mey, Park, Jeong-Gun, Patterson, Kristine, Sise, Thucuma, Spear, Greg, Shugarts, David, Tshandu, Pamela, Wira, Charles R, Scarsi, Kimberly K, Cramer, Yoninah S, Rosenkranz, Susan L, Aweeka, Francesca, Berzins, Baiba, Coombs, Robert W, Coughlin, Kristine, Moran, Laura E, Zorrilla, Carmen D, Akelo, Victor, Aziz, Mariam, Friedman, Ruth K, Gingrich, David, Swaminathan, Shobha, Godfrey, Catherine, and Cohn, Susan E
Published: 2019
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24. Brief Report: No Differences Between Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor–Based Antiretroviral Therapy on Clearance of Plasmodium falciparum Subclinical Parasitemia in Adults Living With HIV Starting Treatment (A5297)

Author: Shaffer, Douglas, Kumwenda, Johnstone, Chen, Huichao, Akelo, Victor, Angira, Francis, Kosgei, Josphat, Tonui, Ronald, Ssali, Francis, McKhann, Ashley, Hogg, Evelyn, Stewart, V. Ann, Murphy, Sean C., Coombs, Robert, and Schooley, Robert
Published: 2022
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25. Causes of death in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children aged under-five years in western Kenya

Author: Onyango, Dickens O., Akelo, Victor, van der Sande, Marianne A.B., Ridzon, Renee, Were, Joyce A., Agaya, Janet A., Oele, Elizabeth A., Wandiga, Steve, Igunza, Aggrey K., Young, Peter W., Blau, Dianna M., Joseph, Rachael H., Yuen, Courtney M., Zielinski-Gutierrez, Emily, and Tippett-Barr, Beth A.
Published: 2022
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26. Impact of anthropometry training and feasibility of 3D imaging on anthropometry data quality among children under five years in a postmortem setting

Author: Gupta, Priya M., primary, Sivalogan, Kasthuri, additional, Oliech, Richard, additional, Alexander, Eugene, additional, Klein, Jamie, additional, Addo, O. Yaw., additional, Gethi, Dickson, additional, Akelo, Victor, additional, Blau, Dianna M., additional, and Suchdev, Parminder S., additional
Published: 2023
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27. Acceptability of minimally invasive autopsy by community members and healthcare workers in Siaya and Kisumu counties, western Kenya, 2017–2018

Author: Otieno, Peter, primary, Akelo, Victor, additional, Khagayi, Sammy, additional, Omore, Richard, additional, Akoth, Kelvin, additional, Nyanjom, Maryanne, additional, Ngere, Sara, additional, Ochola, Ken, additional, Maixenchs, Maria, additional, Kone, Ahoua, additional, Blevins, John, additional, Zielinski-Gutierrez, Emily, additional, and Barr, Beth A. Tippett, additional
Published: 2023
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28. Provider adherence to clinical care recommendations for infants and children who died in seven low- and middle-income countries in the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network

Author: Rees, Chris A., primary, Igunza, Kitiezo Aggrey, additional, Madewell, Zachary J., additional, Akelo, Victor, additional, Onyango, Dickens, additional, El Arifeen, Shams, additional, Gurley, Emily S., additional, Hossain, Mohammad Zahid, additional, Rahman, Afruna, additional, Alam, Muntasir, additional, Scott, J. Anthony G., additional, Assefa, Nega, additional, Madrid, Lola, additional, Belachew, Anteneh, additional, Leulseged, Haleluya, additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, Sow, Samba O., additional, Tapia, Milagritos D., additional, Keita, Adama Mamby, additional, Sidibe, Diakaridia, additional, Sitoe, Antonio, additional, Varo, Rosauro, additional, Ajanovic, Sara, additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, Mandomando, Inácio, additional, Tippett Barr, Beth A., additional, Ogbuanu, Ikechukwu, additional, Cain, Carrie Jo, additional, Bassey, Ima-Abasi, additional, Luke, Ronita, additional, Gassama, Khadija, additional, Madhi, Shabir, additional, Dangor, Ziyaad, additional, Mahtab, Sana, additional, Velaphi, Sithembiso, additional, du Toit, Jeanie, additional, Mutevedzi, Portia C., additional, Blau, Dianna M., additional, Breiman, Robert F., additional, Whitney, Cynthia G., additional, Solomon, Fatima, additional, Sorour, Gillian, additional, Lombaard, Hennie, additional, Wadula, Jeannette, additional, Petersen, Karen, additional, Hale, Martin, additional, Govender, Nelesh P., additional, Swart, Peter J., additional, Lala, Sanjay G., additional, Chawana, Richard, additional, Adam, Yasmin, additional, Wise, Amy, additional, Fritz, Ashleigh, additional, Myburgh, Nellie, additional, Ndagurwa, Pedzisai, additional, Hwinya, Cleopas, additional, Bari, Sanwarul, additional, Parveen, Shahana, additional, Kamal, Mohammed, additional, Uddin Ahmed, A.S.M. Nawshad, additional, Hoque, Mahbubul, additional, Tasnim, Saria, additional, Islam, Ferdousi, additional, Ariuman, Farida, additional, Rahman, Mohammad Mosiur, additional, Begum, Ferdousi, additional, Zaman, K., additional, Rahman, Mustafizur, additional, Ahmed, Dilruba, additional, Flora, Meerjady Sabrina, additional, Shirin, Tahmina, additional, Rahman, Mahbubur, additional, Oundo, Joseph, additional, Ibrahim, Alexander M., additional, Temesgen, Fikremelekot, additional, Gure, Tadesse, additional, Alemu, Addisu, additional, Yeshi, Melisachew Mulatu, additional, Gizaw, Mahlet Abayneh, additional, Orlien, Stian, additional, Ali, Solomon, additional, Otieno, Peter, additional, Onyango, Peter Nyamthimba, additional, Agaya, Janet, additional, Oliech, Richard, additional, Were, Joyce Akinyi, additional, Gethi, Dickson, additional, Khagayi, Sammy, additional, Aol, George, additional, Misore, Thomas, additional, Owuor, Harun, additional, Mugah, Christopher, additional, Oluoch, Bernard, additional, Ochola, Christine, additional, Tennant, Sharon M., additional, Greene, Carol L., additional, Mehta, Ashka, additional, Johnson, J. Kristie, additional, Gaume, Brigitte, additional, Koka, Rima, additional, Fairchild, Karen D., additional, Kone, Diakaridia, additional, Sanogo, Doh, additional, Onwuchekwa, Uma U., additional, Kourouma, Nana, additional, Sissoko, Seydou, additional, Traore, Cheick Bougadari, additional, Juma, Jane, additional, Diarra, Kounandji, additional, Traore, Awa, additional, Diarra, Tiéman, additional, Chawla, Kiranpreet, additional, Nhampossa, Tacilta, additional, Manhique, Zara, additional, Mocumbi, Sibone, additional, Menéndez, Clara, additional, Munguambe, Khátia, additional, Nhacolo, Ariel, additional, Maixenchs, Maria, additional, Moseray, Andrew, additional, Tarawally, Fatmata Bintu, additional, Seppeh, Martin, additional, Mash, Ronald, additional, Ojulong, Julius, additional, Duduyemi, Babatunde, additional, Bunn, James, additional, Swaray-Deen, Alim, additional, Bangura, Joseph, additional, Jambai, Amara, additional, Mannah, Margaret, additional, Ita, Okokon, additional, Chukwuegbo, Cornell, additional, Sannoh, Sulaiman, additional, Nwajiobi, Princewill, additional, Kowuor, Dickens, additional, Kaluma, Erick, additional, Balogun, Oluseyi, additional, Samura, Solomon, additional, Pratt, Samuel, additional, Moses, Francis, additional, Sesay, Tom, additional, Squire, James, additional, Sesay, Joseph Kamanda, additional, Kaykay, Osman, additional, Halu, Binyam, additional, Legesse, Hailemariam, additional, Smart, Francis, additional, Kenneh, Sartie, additional, Ameh, Soter, additional, Ritter, Jana, additional, Wilson, Tais, additional, Winchell, Jonas, additional, Witherbee, Jakob, additional, Salzberg, Navit T., additional, Koplan, Jeffrey P., additional, Basket, Margaret, additional, Wadhwa, Ashutosh, additional, Lee, Kyu Han, additional, Wanga, Valentine, additional, Martines, Roosecelis, additional, Warang, Shamta, additional, Diaz, Maureen, additional, Waller, Jessica, additional, Nair, Shailesh, additional, Liu, Lucy, additional, Bursuc, Courtney, additional, LaHatte, Kristin, additional, Raymer, Sarah, additional, Blevins, John, additional, Argeseanu, Solveig, additional, Vyas, Kurt, additional, and Bhandari, Manu, additional
Published: 2023
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29. Prediction of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) using machine learning algorithms in a Kenyan population

Author: Shah, Santosh Yogendra, primary, Saxena, Sumant, additional, Rani, Satya Pavitra, additional, Nelaturi, Naresh, additional, Gill, Sheena, additional, Tippett Barr, Beth, additional, Were, Joyce, additional, Khagayi, Sammy, additional, Ouma, Gregory, additional, Akelo, Victor, additional, Norwitz, Errol R., additional, Ramakrishnan, Rama, additional, Onyango, Dickens, additional, and Teltumbade, Manoj, additional
Published: 2023
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30. Neural tube defects as a cause of death among stillbirths, infants, and children younger than 5 years in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia: an analysis of the CHAMPS network

Author: Madrid, Lola, primary, Vyas, Kartavya J, additional, Kancherla, Vijaya, additional, Leulseged, Haleluya, additional, Suchdev, Parminder S, additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, Sow, Samba O, additional, El Arifeen, Shams, additional, Madhi, Shabir A, additional, Onyango, Dickens, additional, Ogbuanu, Ikechukwu, additional, Scott, J Anthony G, additional, Blau, Dianna, additional, Mandomando, Inacio, additional, Keita, Adama M, additional, Gurley, Emily S, additional, Mahtab, Sana, additional, Akelo, Victor, additional, Sannoh, Sulaiman, additional, Tilahun, Yenenesh, additional, Varo, Rosauro, additional, Onwuchekwa, Uma, additional, Rahman, Afruna, additional, Adam, Yasmin, additional, Omore, Richard, additional, Lako, Sandra, additional, Xerinda, Elisio, additional, Islam, Kazi Munisul, additional, Wise, Amy, additional, Tippet-Barr, Beth A, additional, Kaluma, Erick, additional, Ajanovic, Sara, additional, Kotloff, Karen L, additional, Hossain, Mohammad Zahid, additional, Mutevedzi, Portia, additional, Tapia, Milagritos D, additional, Rogena, Emily, additional, Moses, Francis, additional, Whitney, Cynthia G, additional, Assefa, Nega, additional, Nawshad Uddin Ahmed, A.S.M., additional, Hoque, Mahbubul, additional, Kamal, Mohammed, additional, Mosiur, Mohammad, additional, Begum, Ferdousi, additional, Tasnim, Saria, additional, Flora, Meerjady Sabrina, additional, Arjuman, Farida, additional, Khan, Iqbal Ansary, additional, Shirin, Tahmina, additional, Rahman, Mahbubur, additional, Bari, Sanwarul, additional, Parveen, Shahana, additional, Islam, Farzana, additional, Ahmed, Mohammad Sabbir, additional, Zaman, K, additional, Rahman, Mustafizur, additional, Ahmed, Dilruba, additional, Chowdhury, Md Atique Iqbal, additional, Alam, Muntasir, additional, Lee, Kyu Han, additional, Islam, Ferdousi, additional, Oundo, Joseph O, additional, Temesgen, Fikremelekot, additional, Yeshi, Melisachew Mulatu, additional, Ibrahim, Alexander M, additional, Gure, Tadesse, additional, Edris, Yunus, additional, Alemu, Addisu, additional, Marami, Dadi, additional, Lemma, Ephrem, additional, Mekonnen, Ayantu, additional, Wale, Henok, additional, Tesfaye, Tseyon, additional, Dufera, Tadesse, additional, Belachew, Anteneh, additional, Getnet, Fentabil, additional, Fentaw, Surafel, additional, Acham, Yenework, additional, Orlien, Stian MS, additional, Abayneh Gizaw, Mahlet, additional, Murila, Florence, additional, Revathi, Gunturu, additional, Mitei, Paul K, additional, Kuria, Magdalene, additional, Verani, Jennifer R, additional, Igunza, Aggrey, additional, Nyamthimba, Peter, additional, Oele, Elizabeth, additional, Fairchild, Karen D, additional, Greene, Carol L, additional, Koka, Rima, additional, Mehta, Ashka, additional, Tennant, Sharon M, additional, Johnson, J Kristie, additional, Keita, Tatiana, additional, Keita, Adama Mamby, additional, Kourouma, Nana, additional, Onwuchekwa, Uma U, additional, Traore, Awa, additional, Sanogo, Doh, additional, Sidibe, Diakaridia, additional, Sissoko, Seydou, additional, Kone, Diakaridia, additional, Kindcardett, Milton, additional, Munguambe, Khátia, additional, Nhacolo, Ariel, additional, Nhampossa, Tacilta, additional, Vitorino, Pio, additional, Bramugy, Justina, additional, Monjane, Celso, additional, Nhachungue, Sheila, additional, Hurtado, Juan Carlos, additional, Maixenchs, Maria, additional, Menéndez, Clara, additional, Ordi, Jaume, additional, Rakislova, Natalia, additional, Valente, Marta, additional, Manhique, Zara, additional, Chitungo, Dercio, additional, Mocumbi, Sibone, additional, Carrilho, Carla, additional, Fernandes, Fabiola, additional, Pass Philipsborn, Rebecca, additional, Koplan, Jeffrey P, additional, Garel, Mischka, additional, Dewey, Betsy, additional, Nair, Shailesh, additional, Salzberg, Navit T, additional, Liu, Lucy, additional, Alkis-Ramirez, Rebecca, additional, Ritter, Jana M, additional, Zaki, Sherif R, additional, Gary, Joy, additional, Winchell, Jonas M, additional, Witherbee, Jacob, additional, Waller, Jessica L, additional, Fayorsey, Ruby, additional, Luke, Ronita, additional, Bassey, Ima-Abasi, additional, Kowuor, Dickens, additional, Sesay, Foday, additional, Kosia, Baindu, additional, Pratt, Samuel, additional, Cain, Carrie-Jo, additional, Samura, Solomon, additional, Solomon, Fatima, additional, Fritz, Ashleigh, additional, Dludlu, Noluthando, additional, Ntuli, Constance, additional, Chawana, Richard, additional, Petersen, Karen, additional, Lala, Sanjay G, additional, Velaphi, Sithembiso, additional, Wadula, Jeannette, additional, Hale, Martin, additional, Swart, Peter J, additional, Lombaard, Hennie, additional, Moosa, Rahima, additional, and Sorour, Gillian, additional
Published: 2023
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31. Postmortem investigations and identification of multiple causes of child deaths: An analysis of findings from the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network

Author: Breiman, Robert F., Blau, Dianna M., Mutevedzi, Portia, Akelo, Victor, Mandomando, Inacio, Ogbuanu, Ikechukwu U., Sow, Samba O., Madrid, Lola, El Arifeen, Shams, Garel, Mischka, Thwala, Nana Bukiwe, Onyango, Dickens, Sitoe, Antonio, Bassey, Ima-Abasi, Keita, Adama Mamby, Alemu, Addisu, Alam, Muntasir, Mahtab, Sana, Gethi, Dickson, Varo, Rosauro, Ojulong, Julius, Samura, Solomon, Mehta, Ashka, Ibrahim, Alexander M., Rahman, Afruna, Vitorino, Pio, Baillie, Vicky L., Agaya, Janet, Tapia, Milagritos D., Assefa, Nega, Chowdhury, Atique Iqbal, Scott, J. Anthony G., Gurley, Emily S., Kotloff, Karen L., Jambai, Amara, Bassat, Quique, Tippett-Barr, Beth A., Madhi, Shabir A., and Whitney, Cynthia G.
Subjects: Pediatric research, Children -- Death, Company legal issue, Biological sciences
Abstract: Background The current burden of >5 million deaths yearly is the focus of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) to end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years old by 2030. To accelerate progression toward this goal, data are needed that accurately quantify the leading causes of death, so that interventions can target the common causes. By adding postmortem pathology and microbiology studies to other available data, the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network provides comprehensive evaluations of conditions leading to death, in contrast to standard methods that rely on data from medical records and verbal autopsy and report only a single underlying condition. We analyzed CHAMPS data to characterize the value of considering multiple causes of death. Methods and findings We examined deaths identified from December 2016 through November 2020 from 7 CHAMPS sites (in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, and South Africa), including 741 neonatal, 278 infant, and 241 child Conclusions Including conditions that appear anywhere in the causal chain, rather than considering underlying condition alone, markedly changed the proportion of deaths attributed to various diagnoses, especially LRI, sepsis, and meningitis. While CHAMPS methods cannot determine when 2 conditions cause death independently or may be synergistic, our findings suggest that considering the chain of events leading to death can better guide research and prevention priorities aimed at reducing child deaths., Author(s): Robert F. Breiman 1,2,*, Dianna M. Blau 3, Portia Mutevedzi 4,5, Victor Akelo 6, Inacio Mandomando 7,8, Ikechukwu U. Ogbuanu 9, Samba O. Sow 10,11, Lola Madrid 12,13, Shams [...]
Published: 2021
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32. Prevalence and Missed Cases of Respiratory Distress Syndrome Disease Amongst Neonatal Deaths Enrolled in the Kenya Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network (CHAMPS) Program Between 2017 and 2021.

Author: Owuor, Harun O., Akelo, Victor, Murila, Florence, Onyango, Dickens, Kuria, Magdalene, Rogena, Emily, Revathi, Gunturu, Mitei, Paul, Sava, Solomon, Were, Joyce, Igunza, Aggrey, Khagayi, Sammy, Zielinski-Gutierrez, Emily, Hawi, Sarah, Gethi, Dickson, Verani, Jennifer R., Onyango, Clayton, Blau, Dianna M., and Tippett Barr, Beth A.
Published: 2023
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33. Decreased HIV-associated mortality rates during scale-up of antiretroviral therapy, 2011–2016

Author: Otieno, George, Whiteside, Yohance Omar, Achia, Thomas, Kwaro, Daniel, Zielinski-Gutierrez, Emily, Ojoo, Sylvia, Sewe, Maquins, Musingila, Paul, Akelo, Victor, Obor, David, Nyaguara, Amek, De Cock, Kevin M., and Borgdorff, Martien W.
Published: 2019
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34. Comparison of Masimo Total Hemoglobin SpHb® continuous non-invasive hemoglobin monitoring device with laboratory complete blood count measurement using venous sample: Protocol for an observational substudy of the Pregnancy Risk and Infant Surveillance and Measurement Alliance Maternal and Newborn Health (PRISMA MNH) study

Author: Farooq, Fouzia, primary, Smith, Emily R., additional, Pan, Qing, additional, Glass Baumann, Sasha, additional, Akelo, Victor, additional, Jehan, Fyezah, additional, Kasaro, Margaret, additional, Nisar, Imran, additional, Ouma, Gregory, additional, Vwalika, Bellington, additional, Price, Joan T., additional, and Hoodbhoy, Zahra, additional
Published: 2023
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35. Adverse maternal, fetal, and newborn outcomes among pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an individual participant data meta-analysis

Author: Kalafat, Erkan (ORCID 0000-0003-0658-138X & YÖK ID 197389), Smith, Emily R.; Oakley, Erin; Grandner, Gargi Wable; Ferguson, Kacey; Farooq, Fouzia; Afshar, Yalda; Ahlberg, Mia; Ahmadzia, Homa; Akelo, Victor; Aldrovandi, Grace; Barr, Beth A. Tippett; Bevilacqua, Elisa; Brandt, Justin S.; Broutet, Nathalie; Buhigas, Irene Fernandez; Carrillo, Jorge; Clifton, Rebecca; Conry, Jeanne; Cosmi, Erich; Crispi, Fatima; Crovetto, Francesca; Delgado-Lopez, Camille; Divakar, Hema; Driscoll, Amanda J.; Favre, Guillaume; Flaherman, Valerie J.; Gale, Chris; Gil, Maria M.; Gottlieb, Sami L.; Gratacos, Eduard; Hernandez, Olivia; Jones, Stephanie; Khagayi, Sammy; Knight, Marian; Kotloff, Karen; Lanzone, Antonio; Le Doare, Kirsty; Lees, Christoph; Litman, Ethan; Lokken, Erica M.; Laurita Longo, Valentina; Madhi, Shabir A.; Magee, Laura A.; Martinez-Portilla, Raigam Jafet; McClure, Elizabeth M.; Metz, Tori D.; Miller, Emily S.; Money, Deborah; Moungmaithong, Sakita; Mullins, Edward; Nachega, Jean B.; Nunes, Marta C.; Onyango, Dickens; Panchaud, Alice; Poon, Liona C.; Raiten, Daniel; Regan, Lesley; Rukundo, Gordon; Sahota, Daljit; Sakowicz, Allie; Sanin-Blair, Jose; Soderling, Jonas; Stephansson, Olof; Temmerman, Marleen; Thorson, Anna; Tolosa, Jorge E.; Townson, Julia; Valencia-Prado, Miguel; Visentin, Silvia; von Dadelszen, Peter; Waldorf, Kristina Adams; Whitehead, Clare; Yassa, Murat; Tielsch, Jim M., School of Medicine, Kalafat, Erkan (ORCID 0000-0003-0658-138X & YÖK ID 197389), Smith, Emily R.; Oakley, Erin; Grandner, Gargi Wable; Ferguson, Kacey; Farooq, Fouzia; Afshar, Yalda; Ahlberg, Mia; Ahmadzia, Homa; Akelo, Victor; Aldrovandi, Grace; Barr, Beth A. Tippett; Bevilacqua, Elisa; Brandt, Justin S.; Broutet, Nathalie; Buhigas, Irene Fernandez; Carrillo, Jorge; Clifton, Rebecca; Conry, Jeanne; Cosmi, Erich; Crispi, Fatima; Crovetto, Francesca; Delgado-Lopez, Camille; Divakar, Hema; Driscoll, Amanda J.; Favre, Guillaume; Flaherman, Valerie J.; Gale, Chris; Gil, Maria M.; Gottlieb, Sami L.; Gratacos, Eduard; Hernandez, Olivia; Jones, Stephanie; Khagayi, Sammy; Knight, Marian; Kotloff, Karen; Lanzone, Antonio; Le Doare, Kirsty; Lees, Christoph; Litman, Ethan; Lokken, Erica M.; Laurita Longo, Valentina; Madhi, Shabir A.; Magee, Laura A.; Martinez-Portilla, Raigam Jafet; McClure, Elizabeth M.; Metz, Tori D.; Miller, Emily S.; Money, Deborah; Moungmaithong, Sakita; Mullins, Edward; Nachega, Jean B.; Nunes, Marta C.; Onyango, Dickens; Panchaud, Alice; Poon, Liona C.; Raiten, Daniel; Regan, Lesley; Rukundo, Gordon; Sahota, Daljit; Sakowicz, Allie; Sanin-Blair, Jose; Soderling, Jonas; Stephansson, Olof; Temmerman, Marleen; Thorson, Anna; Tolosa, Jorge E.; Townson, Julia; Valencia-Prado, Miguel; Visentin, Silvia; von Dadelszen, Peter; Waldorf, Kristina Adams; Whitehead, Clare; Yassa, Murat; Tielsch, Jim M., and School of Medicine
Abstract: Introduction: despite a growing body of research on the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, there is continued controversy given heterogeneity in the quality and design of published studies. Methods: we screened ongoing studies in our sequential, prospective meta-analysis. We pooled individual participant data to estimate the absolute and relative risk (RR) of adverse outcomes among pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, compared with confirmed negative pregnancies. We evaluated the risk of bias using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: we screened 137 studies and included 12 studies in 12 countries involving 13 136 pregnant women. Pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection-as compared with uninfected pregnant women-were at significantly increased risk of maternal mortality (10 studies; n=1490; RR 7.68, 95% CI 1.70 to 34.61); admission to intensive care unit (8 studies; n=6660; RR 3.81, 95% CI 2.03 to 7.17); receiving mechanical ventilation (7 studies; n=4887; RR 15.23, 95% CI 4.32 to 53.71); receiving any critical care (7 studies; n=4735; RR 5.48, 95% CI 2.57 to 11.72); and being diagnosed with pneumonia (6 studies; n=4573; RR 23.46, 95% CI 3.03 to 181.39) and thromboembolic disease (8 studies; n=5146; RR 5.50, 95% CI 1.12 to 27.12). Neonates born to women with SARS-CoV-2 infection were more likely to be admitted to a neonatal care unit after birth (7 studies; n=7637; RR 1.86, 95% CI 1.12 to 3.08); be born preterm (7 studies; n=6233; RR 1.71, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.29) or moderately preterm (7 studies; n=6071; RR 2.92, 95% CI 1.88 to 4.54); and to be born low birth weight (12 studies; n=11 930; RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.40). Infection was not linked to stillbirth. Studies were generally at low or moderate risk of bias. Conclusions: this analysis indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection at any time during pregnancy increases the risk of maternal death, severe maternal morbidities and neonatal morbidity, but not stillbirth or intrauterine growth restriction, Funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation grant to ERS (INV- 022057).
Published: 2023

36. Stillbirths and Neonatal Deaths Caused by Group B Streptococcus in Africa and South Asia Identified Through Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS).

Author: Mahtab, Sana, Madewell, Zachary J, Madhi, Shabir A, Wise, Amy, Swart, Peter J, Velaphi, Sithembiso, Mandomando, Inacio, Bramugy, Justina, Mabunda, Rita, Xerinda, Elisio, Scott, Anthony G, Assefa, Nega, Madrid, Lola, Bweihun, Mulu, Temesgen, Fikremelekot, Onyango, Dickens, Akelo, Victor, Oliech, Richard, Otieno, Peter, and Verani, Jennifer R
Subjects: STREPTOCOCCUS agalactiae, CHILD mortality, NEONATAL death, NEONATAL sepsis, STILLBIRTH, CAUSES of death
Abstract: Background Invasive Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a common cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis and is also associated with stillbirth. This study aimed to determine the proportion of stillborn infants and infants who died between 0 and 90 days attributable to GBS using postmortem minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) in 7 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) participating in Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS). Methods Deaths that occurred between December 2016 and December 2021 were investigated with MITS, including culture for bacteria of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), multipathogen polymerase chain reaction on blood, CSF, and lung tissue and histopathology of lung, liver, and brain. Data collection included clinical record review and verbal autopsy. Expert panels reviewed all information and assigned causes of death. Results We evaluated 2966 deaths, including stillborn infants (n = 1322), infants who died during first day of life (0 to <24 hours, n = 597), early neonatal deaths (END) (1 day to <7 days; END; n = 593), and deaths from 7 to 90 days (n = 454). Group B Streptococcus was determined to be in the causal pathway of death for 2.7% of infants (79 of 2, 966; range, 0.3% in Sierra Leone to 7.2% in South Africa), including 2.3% (31 of 1322) of stillbirths, 4.7% (28 of 597) 0 to <24 hours, 1.9% (11 of 593) END, and 2.0% (9 of 454) of deaths from 7 to 90 days of age. Among deaths attributed to GBS with birth weight data available, 61.9% (39 of 63) of decedents weighed <2500 grams at birth. Group B Streptococcus sepsis was the postmortem diagnosis for 100% (31 of 31) of stillbirths. For deaths <90 days, postmortem diagnoses included GBS sepsis (83.3%, 40 of 48), GBS meningitis (4.2%, 2 of 48), and GBS pneumonia (2.1%, 1 of 48). Conclusions Our study reveals significant heterogeneity in the contribution of invasive GBS disease to infant mortality across different countries, emphasizing the need for tailored prevention strategies. Moreover, our findings highlight the substantial impact of GBS on stillbirths, shedding light on a previously underestimated aspect in LMICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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37. Diagnostic accuracy of the Panbio COVID-19 antigen rapid test device for SARS-CoV-2 detection in Kenya, 2021: A field evaluation

Author: Irungu, Jack Karuga, primary, Munyua, Peninah, additional, Ochieng, Caroline, additional, Juma, Bonventure, additional, Amoth, Patrick, additional, Kuria, Francis, additional, Kiiru, John, additional, Makayotto, Lyndah, additional, Abade, Ahmed, additional, Bulterys, Marc, additional, Hunsperger, Elizabeth, additional, Emukule, Gideon O., additional, Onyango, Clayton, additional, Samandari, Taraz, additional, Barr, Beth A. Tippett, additional, Akelo, Victor, additional, Weyenga, Herman, additional, Munywoki, Patrick K., additional, Bigogo, Godfrey, additional, Otieno, Nancy A., additional, Kisivuli, Jackton Azenga, additional, Ochieng, Edwin, additional, Nyaga, Rufus, additional, Hull, Noah, additional, Herman-Roloff, Amy, additional, and Aman, Rashid, additional
Published: 2023
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38. Traditional Medicine Beliefs and Practices among Caregivers of Children under Five Years—The Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS), Western Kenya: A qualitative study

Author: Ngere, Sarah Hawi, primary, Akelo, Victor, additional, Ondeng’e, Ken, additional, Ridzon, Renee, additional, Otieno, Peter, additional, Nyanjom, Maryanne, additional, Omore, Richard, additional, and Barr, Beth A. Tippett, additional
Published: 2022
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39. First cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and secondary transmission in Kisumu, Kenya

Author: Tippett Barr, Beth A., primary, Herman-Roloff, Amy, additional, Mburu, Margaret, additional, Murnane, Pamela M., additional, Sang, Norton, additional, Bukusi, Elizabeth, additional, Oele, Elizabeth, additional, Odhiambo, Albert, additional, Lewis-Kulzer, Jayne, additional, Onyango, Clayton O., additional, Hunsperger, Elizabeth, additional, Odhiambo, Francesca, additional, Joseph, Rachel H., additional, Munyua, Peninah, additional, Othieno, Kephas, additional, Mulwa, Edwin, additional, Akelo, Victor, additional, Muok, Erick, additional, Bulterys, Marc, additional, Nzioka, Charles, additional, and Cohen, Craig R., additional
Published: 2022
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40. Comparison of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Participants Enrolled in a Multinational Clinical Trial: HPTN 052

Author: Greer, Amy E., Ou, San-San, Wilson, Ethan, Piwowar-Manning, Estelle, Forman, Michael S., McCauley, Marybeth, Gamble, Theresa, Ruangyuttikarn, Cholticha, Hosseinipour, Mina C., Kumarasamy, Nagalingeswaran, Nyirenda, Mulinda, Grinsztejn, Beatriz, Pilotto, Jose Henrique, Kosashunhanan, Natthapol, Gonçalves de Melo, Marineide, Makhema, Joseph, Akelo, Victor, Panchia, Ravindre, Badal-Faesen, Sharlaa, Chen, Ying Q., Cohen, Myron S., Eshleman, Susan H., Thio, Chloe L., and Valsamakis, Alexandra
Published: 2017
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41. Insights on the differentiation of stillbirths and early neonatal deaths: A study from the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network

Author: Quincer, Elizabeth, primary, Philipsborn, Rebecca, additional, Morof, Diane, additional, Salzberg, Navit T., additional, Vitorino, Pio, additional, Ajanovic, Sara, additional, Onyango, Dickens, additional, Ogbuanu, Ikechukwu, additional, Assefa, Nega, additional, Sow, Samba O., additional, Mutevedzi, Portia, additional, El Arifeen, Shams, additional, Tippet Barr, Beth A., additional, Scott, J. Anthony G., additional, Mandomando, Inacio, additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, Jambai, Amara, additional, Akelo, Victor, additional, Cain, Carrie Jo, additional, Chowdhury, Atique Iqbal, additional, Gure, Tadesse, additional, Igunza, Kitiezo Aggrey, additional, Islam, Farzana, additional, Keita, Adama Mamby, additional, Madrid, Lola, additional, Mahtab, Sana, additional, Mehta, Ashka, additional, Mitei, Paul K., additional, Ntuli, Constance, additional, Ojulong, Julius, additional, Rahman, Afruna, additional, Samura, Solomon, additional, Sidibe, Diakaridia, additional, Thwala, Bukiwe Nana, additional, Varo, Rosauro, additional, Madhi, Shabir A., additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, Gurley, Emily S., additional, Blau, Dianna M., additional, and Whitney, Cynthia G., additional
Published: 2022
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42. Accuracy of a handheld 3D imaging system for child anthropometric measurements in population-based household surveys and surveillance platforms: an effectiveness validation study in Guatemala, Kenya, and China

Author: Bougma, Karim, primary, Mei, Zuguo, additional, Palmieri, Mireya, additional, Onyango, Dickens, additional, Liu, Jianmeng, additional, Mesarina, Karla, additional, Akelo, Victor, additional, Mwando, Rael, additional, Zhou, Yubao, additional, Meng, Ying, additional, and Jefferds, Maria Elena, additional
Published: 2022
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43. First cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and secondary transmission in Kisumu, Kenya.

Author: Tippett Barr, Beth A, Coffee, Megan1, Tippett Barr, Beth A, Herman-Roloff, Amy, Mburu, Margaret, Murnane, Pamela M, Sang, Norton, Bukusi, Elizabeth, Oele, Elizabeth, Odhiambo, Albert, Lewis-Kulzer, Jayne, Onyango, Clayton O, Hunsperger, Elizabeth, Odhiambo, Francesca, Joseph, Rachel H, Munyua, Peninah, Othieno, Kephas, Mulwa, Edwin, Akelo, Victor, Muok, Erick, Bulterys, Marc, Nzioka, Charles, Cohen, Craig R, Tippett Barr, Beth A, Coffee, Megan1, Tippett Barr, Beth A, Herman-Roloff, Amy, Mburu, Margaret, Murnane, Pamela M, Sang, Norton, Bukusi, Elizabeth, Oele, Elizabeth, Odhiambo, Albert, Lewis-Kulzer, Jayne, Onyango, Clayton O, Hunsperger, Elizabeth, Odhiambo, Francesca, Joseph, Rachel H, Munyua, Peninah, Othieno, Kephas, Mulwa, Edwin, Akelo, Victor, Muok, Erick, Bulterys, Marc, Nzioka, Charles, and Cohen, Craig R
Abstract: We investigated the first 152 laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases (125 primary and 27 secondary) and their 248 close contacts in Kisumu County, Kenya. Conducted June 10-October 8, 2020, this study included interviews and sample collection at enrolment and 14-21 days later. Median age was 35 years (IQR 28-44); 69.0% reported COVID-19 related symptoms, most commonly cough (60.0%), headache (55.2%), fever (53.3%) and loss of taste or smell (43.8%). One in five were hospitalized, 34.4% >25 years of age had at least one comorbidity, and all deaths had comorbidities. Adults ≥25 years with a comorbidity were 3.15 (95% CI 1.37-7.26) times more likely to have been hospitalized or died than participants without a comorbidity. Infectious comorbidities included HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria, but no current cases of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, dengue fever, leptospirosis or chikungunya were identified. Thirteen (10.4%) of the 125 primary infections transmitted COVID-19 to 27 close contacts, 158 (63.7%) of whom resided or worked within the same household. Thirty-one percent (4 of 13) of those who transmitted COVID-19 to secondary cases were health care workers; no known secondary transmissions occurred between health care workers. This rapid assessment early in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic identified some context-specific characteristics which conflicted with the national line-listing of cases, and which have been substantiated in the year since. These included over two-thirds of cases reporting the development of symptoms during the two weeks after diagnosis, compared to the 7% of cases reported nationally; over half of cases reporting headaches, and nearly half of all cases reporting loss of taste and smell, none of which were reported at the time by the World Health Organization to be common symptoms. This study highlights the importance of rapid in-depth assessments of outbreaks in understanding the local epidemiology and response measures required.
Published: 2022

44. Clinical risk factors of adverse outcomes among women with COVID-19 in the pregnancy and postpartum period: a sequential, prospective meta-analysis

Author: Kalafat, Erkan (ORCID 0000-0003-0658-138X & YÖK ID 197389), Smith , Emily R; Oakley, Erin; Grandner , Gargi Wable; Rukundo, Gordon; Farooq, Fouzia; Ferguson, Kacey; Bauman, Sasha; Waldorf, Kristina Maria Adams; Afshar, Yalda; Ahlberg, Mia; Ahmadzia, Homa; Akelo , Victor; Aldrovandi , Grace; Bevilacqua, Elisa; Bracero, Nabal; Brandt, Justin S; Broutet, Natalie; Carrillo, Jorge; Conry, Jeanne; Cosmi, Erich; Crispi, Fatima; Crovetto, Francesca; Gil, Maria Del Mar; Delgado-López, Camille; Divakar, Hema; Driscoll, Amanda J.; Favre, Guillaume;Buhigas, Irene Fernandez; Flaherman, Valerie; Gale, Christopher; Godwin,Christine L.; Gottlieb, Sami; Gratacós, Eduard; He, Siran; Hernandez, Olivia; Jones, Stephanie; Joshi, Sheetal; Khagayi, Sammy; Knight, Marian; Kotloff, Karen; Lanzone, Antonio; Longo, Valentina Laurita; Doare, Kirsty Le; Lees, Christoph; Litman, Ethan; Lokken, Erica M; Madhi, Shabir A; Magee, Laura A; Martinez- Portilla ,Raigam Jafet; Metz,Torri D.; Miller, Emily S; Money, Deborah; Moungmaithong, Sakita; Mullins, Edward; Nachega, Jean B.; Nunes, Marta C.; Onyango, Dickens; Panchaud, Alice; Poon, Liona C.; Raiten, Daniel; Regan, Lesley; Sahota, Daljit; Sakowicz, Allie; Sanin-Blair, Jose; Olof Stephansson; Temmerman, Marleen; Thorson, Anna; Thwin, Soe ; Tippett Barr, Beth A.; Tolosa, Jorge E.; Tug, Niyazi; Valencia-Prado, Miguel; Visentin, Silvia; von Dadelszen, Peter; Whitehead, Clare; Wood, Mollie; Yang, Huixia; Zavala, Rebecca; Tielsch, James M., School of Medicine, Kalafat, Erkan (ORCID 0000-0003-0658-138X & YÖK ID 197389), Smith , Emily R; Oakley, Erin; Grandner , Gargi Wable; Rukundo, Gordon; Farooq, Fouzia; Ferguson, Kacey; Bauman, Sasha; Waldorf, Kristina Maria Adams; Afshar, Yalda; Ahlberg, Mia; Ahmadzia, Homa; Akelo , Victor; Aldrovandi , Grace; Bevilacqua, Elisa; Bracero, Nabal; Brandt, Justin S; Broutet, Natalie; Carrillo, Jorge; Conry, Jeanne; Cosmi, Erich; Crispi, Fatima; Crovetto, Francesca; Gil, Maria Del Mar; Delgado-López, Camille; Divakar, Hema; Driscoll, Amanda J.; Favre, Guillaume;Buhigas, Irene Fernandez; Flaherman, Valerie; Gale, Christopher; Godwin,Christine L.; Gottlieb, Sami; Gratacós, Eduard; He, Siran; Hernandez, Olivia; Jones, Stephanie; Joshi, Sheetal; Khagayi, Sammy; Knight, Marian; Kotloff, Karen; Lanzone, Antonio; Longo, Valentina Laurita; Doare, Kirsty Le; Lees, Christoph; Litman, Ethan; Lokken, Erica M; Madhi, Shabir A; Magee, Laura A; Martinez- Portilla ,Raigam Jafet; Metz,Torri D.; Miller, Emily S; Money, Deborah; Moungmaithong, Sakita; Mullins, Edward; Nachega, Jean B.; Nunes, Marta C.; Onyango, Dickens; Panchaud, Alice; Poon, Liona C.; Raiten, Daniel; Regan, Lesley; Sahota, Daljit; Sakowicz, Allie; Sanin-Blair, Jose; Olof Stephansson; Temmerman, Marleen; Thorson, Anna; Thwin, Soe ; Tippett Barr, Beth A.; Tolosa, Jorge E.; Tug, Niyazi; Valencia-Prado, Miguel; Visentin, Silvia; von Dadelszen, Peter; Whitehead, Clare; Wood, Mollie; Yang, Huixia; Zavala, Rebecca; Tielsch, James M., and School of Medicine
Abstract: Objective: this sequential, prospective meta-analysis (sPMA) sought to identify risk factors among pregnant and postpartum women with COVID-19 for adverse outcomes related to disease severity, maternal morbidities, neonatal mortality and morbidity, adverse birth outcomes. Data sources: we prospectively invited study investigators to join the sPMA via professional research networks beginning in March 2020. Study eligibility criteria: eligible studies included those recruiting at least 25 consecutive cases of COVID-19 in pregnancy within a defined catchment area. Study appraisal and synthesis methods: we included individual patient data from 21 participating studies. Data quality was assessed, and harmonized variables for risk factors and outcomes were constructed. Duplicate cases were removed. Pooled estimates for the absolute and relative risk of adverse outcomes comparing those with and without each risk factor were generated using a two-stage meta-analysis. Results: we collected data from 33 countries and territories, including 21,977 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy or postpartum. We found that women with comorbidities (pre-existing diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease) versus those without were at higher risk for COVID-19 severity and pregnancy health outcomes (fetal death, preterm birth, low birthweight). Participants with COVID-19 and HIV were 1.74 times (95% CI: 1.12, 2.71) more likely to be admitted to the ICU. Pregnant women who were underweight before pregnancy were at higher risk of ICU admission (RR 5.53, 95% CI: 2.27, 13.44), ventilation (RR 9.36, 95% CI: 3.87, 22.63), and pregnancy-related death (RR 14.10, 95% CI: 2.83, 70.36). Pre-pregnancy obesity was also a risk factor for severe COVID-19 outcomes including ICU admission (RR 1.81, 95% CI: 1.26,2.60), ventilation (RR 2.05, 95% CI: 1.20,3.51), any critical care (RR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.28,2.77), and pneumonia (RR 1.66, 95% CI: 1.18,2.33). Anemic pregnant women with COVID-19 also had inc, C.W. declares a relationship with the following entities: Ferring Pharmaceuticals (COVID19 Investigational Grant) and National Health and Medical Research Council Fellowship (salary support). A.P. declares the following research grants: ”1) H2020-Grant - Consortium member of Innovative medicine initiative call 13 topic 9, ConcePTION; and 2) Efficacy and safety studies on Medicines EMA/2017/09/PE/11, Lot 4, WP 2 lead, Safety monitoring of COVID-19 vaccines in the EU - Reopening of competition no. 20 under a framework contract following procurement procedure EMA/2017/09/PE (Lot 3) (Euro 110’000.-), Federal Office of Public Health (207’000 CHF).” E.M. and C.L. declare a relationship with the National Institute for Health and Care Research (project grant for PAN-COVID study). D.M. declares a relationship with the following entities: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (payments to institution only), Public Health Agency of Canada (payments to institution only), and BC Women’s Health Foundation (payments to institution only). She is also a member of the COVID-19 Immunity Task Force sponsored by the Canadian government. T.D.M. declares a relationship with the following entities: Pfizer (site Principal Investigator for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pregnancy study—payment received by the institution; member of Medical Advisory Board for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pregnancy studyepayment received by the author), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (subcommittee Chair for the NICHD Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network Gestational Research Assessments of COVID- 19 [GRAVID] study), and Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (board member). E.M.L. declares a relationship with the National Institutes of Health (paid institution) and is an employee of AbbVie, Inc, but was employed at the University of Washington at the time of the study. K.L.K. and S.H. declare a relationship with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) (S.H.: pa
Published: 2022

45. Causes of death in hiv-infected and hiv-uninfected children aged under-five years in western kenya

Author: Global Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Onyango, Dickens O, Akelo, Victor, van der Sande, Marianne A B, Ridzon, Renee, Were, Joyce A, Agaya, Janet A, Oele, Elizabeth A, Wandiga, Steve, Igunza, Aggrey K, Young, Peter W, Blau, Dianna M, Joseph, Rachael H, Yuen, Courtney M, Zielinski-Gutierrez, Emily, Tippet-Barr, Beth A, Global Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Onyango, Dickens O, Akelo, Victor, van der Sande, Marianne A B, Ridzon, Renee, Were, Joyce A, Agaya, Janet A, Oele, Elizabeth A, Wandiga, Steve, Igunza, Aggrey K, Young, Peter W, Blau, Dianna M, Joseph, Rachael H, Yuen, Courtney M, Zielinski-Gutierrez, Emily, and Tippet-Barr, Beth A
Published: 2022

46. Treatment as Prevention: Characterization of Partner Infections in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 052 Trial

Author: Eshleman, Susan H., Hudelson, Sarah E., Redd, Andrew D., Swanstrom, Ronald, Ou, San-San, Zhang, Xinyi Cindy, Ping, Li-Hua, Piwowar-Manning, Estelle, Porcella, Stephen F., Sievers, Matthew F., Martens, Craig A., Bruno, Daniel, Dukhovlinova, Elena, McCauley, Marybeth, Gamble, Theresa, Fogel, Jessica M., Sabin, Devin, Quinn, Thomas C., Gunde, Laurence, Maliwichi, Madalitso, Nhando, Nehemiah, Akelo, Victor, Moyo, Sikhulile, Panchia, Ravindre, Kumarasamy, Nagalingeswaran, Chotirosniramit, Nuntisa, Melo, Marineide Gonçalves de, Pilotto, Jose, Grinsztejn, Beatriz, Mayer, Kenneth, Chen, Ying Q., Hughes, James P., and Cohen, Myron S.
Published: 2017
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47. Diagnostic accuracy of the Panbio™ COVID-19 Antigen rapid test device for SARS-CoV-2 detection in Kenya, 2021: A field evaluation

Author: Karuga, Irungu, primary, Munyua, Peninah, additional, Ochieng, Caroline, additional, Juma, Bonventure, additional, Amoth, Patrick, additional, Kuria, Francis, additional, Kiiru, John, additional, Makayotto, Lyndah, additional, Abade, Ahmed, additional, Bulterys, Marc, additional, Hunsperger, Elizabeth, additional, Emukule, Gideon O., additional, Onyango, Clayton, additional, Samandari, Taraz, additional, Tippett Barr, Beth A., additional, Akelo, Victor, additional, Weyenga, Herman, additional, Munywoki, Patrick K, additional, Bigogo, Godfrey, additional, Otieno, Nancy A., additional, Kisivuli, Jackton Azenga, additional, Ochieng, Edwin, additional, Nyaga, Rufus, additional, Hull, Noah, additional, Herman-Roloff, Amy, additional, and Aman, Rashid, additional
Published: 2022
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48. Healthcare-related stigma among men who have sex with men and transgender women in sub-Saharan Africa participating in HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 075 study

Author: Mbeda, Calvin, Ogendo, Arthur, Lando, Richard, Schnabel, David, Gust, Deborah A., Guo, Xu, Akelo, Victor, Dominguez, Karen, Panchia, Ravindre, Mbilizi, Yamikani, Chen, Ying, Chege, Wairimu, and Sandfort, Theo
Subjects: Adult, Male, Malawi, medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Sub saharan, Social Psychology, Attitude of Health Personnel, Health Personnel, Social Stigma, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Stigma (botany), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Transgender Persons, Article, Health Services Accessibility, Transgender women, Men who have sex with men, Cohort Studies, Sexual and Gender Minorities, South Africa, 03 medical and health sciences, Health services, Discrimination, Psychological, 0302 clinical medicine, Health care, Retention in Care, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Homosexuality, Male, Aged, 030505 public health, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, virus diseases, Fear, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Kenya, Family medicine, Female, Prevention trials, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract: The inability to access health services when needed is a critical barrier to HIV prevention, treatment, and care among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW). Using data collected in HPTN 075, we explored factors associated with any any experienced healthcare-related stigma. HPTN 075 was a cohort study to assess the feasibility of recruiting and retaining MSM and TGW in clinical trials in sub-Saharan Africa. Of 401 MSM and TGW enrolled at four sites (Kisumu, Kenya; Blantyre, Malawi; Cape Town, Soweto, South Africa) 397 contributed to the analysis (79.9% cis-gender and 20.1% TGW). Of these, (45.3%; 180/397) reported one or more of healthcare-related stigma experiences. Most frequently reported experiences included fear to seek healthcare services (36.3%) and avoiding seeking such services because of discovery of MSM status (29.2%). Few men and TGW (2.5%) reported having been denied health services because of having sex with men. In multivariable analysis, more participants in Soweto [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.60] and fewer participants in Blantyre (AOR = 0.27) reported any healthcare-related stigma experiences, in comparison to participants in Kisumu. MSM and TGW that did not have a supportive gay community to rely on were more likely to report any healthcare-related stigma experiences (AOR = 1.46), whereas MSM and TGW who reported high social support and who never had engaged in transactional sex were less likely to report such experiences (AOR = 0.76 and AOR = 0.43, respectively). Our results suggest that encouraging support groups for MSM and TGW as well as training and sensitizing healthcare staff, and the general community, on MSM and TGW health issues and cultural competence may reduce stigma, improve access to healthcare, which could ultimately reduce HIV transmission.
Published: 2020

49. Brief Report

Author: Shaffer, Douglas, primary, Kumwenda, Johnstone, additional, Chen, Huichao, additional, Akelo, Victor, additional, Angira, Francis, additional, Kosgei, Josphat, additional, Tonui, Ronald, additional, Ssali, Francis, additional, McKhann, Ashley, additional, Hogg, Evelyn, additional, Stewart, V. Ann, additional, Murphy, Sean C., additional, Coombs, Robert, additional, and Schooley, Robert, additional
Published: 2021
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50. Causes of death in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children aged under-five years in western Kenya

Author: Onyango, Dickens O., primary, Akelo, Victor, additional, van der Sande, Marianne A.B., additional, Ridzon, Renee, additional, Were, Joyce A., additional, Agaya, Janet A., additional, Oele, Elizabeth A., additional, Wandiga, Steve, additional, Igunza, Aggrey K., additional, Young, Peter W., additional, Blau, Dianna M., additional, Joseph, Rachael H., additional, Yuen, Courtney M., additional, Zielinski-Gutierrez, Emily, additional, and Tippett-Barr, Beth A., additional
Published: 2021
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