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1. Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey of the Cygnus X region (PILS-Cygnus) -- First results: observations of CygX-N30

Author

van der Walt, S. J., Kristensen, L. E., Jørgensen, J. K., Calcutt, H., Manigand, S., Akel, M. el, Garrod, R. T., and Qiu, K.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

(Abridged) Complex organic molecules (COMs) are commonly detected in and near star-forming regions. However, the dominant process in the release of these COMs from the icy grains - where they predominately form - to the gas phase is still an open question. We investigate the origin of COM emission in a protostellar source, CygX-N30, through high-angular-resolution interferometric observations over a continuous broad frequency range. We used 32 GHz Submillimeter Array observations with continuous frequency coverage from 329 to 361 GHz at an angular resolution of ~1" to do a line survey and obtain a chemical inventory of the source. The line emission was used to determine column densities and excitation temperatures for the COMs. We mapped out the intensity distribution of the different species and identified approximately 400 lines that can be attributed to 29 different molecular species and their isotopologues. We find that the molecular peak emission is along a linear gradient, coinciding with the axis of red- and blueshifted H2CO and CS emission. Chemical differentiation is detected along this gradient, with the O-bearing molecular species peaking towards one component of the system and the N- and S-bearing species peaking towards the other. The inferred column densities and excitation temperatures are compared to other sources where COMs are abundant. The origin of the observed COM emission is probably a combination of the young stellar sources along with accretion of infalling material onto a disc-like structure surrounding a young protostar. The low D/H ratio observed (<0.1%) likely reflects a pre-stellar phase where COMs formed on the ices at warm temperatures (~ 30 K), with inefficient deuterium fractionation. The observations and results presented here demonstrate the importance of good frequency coverage and high angular resolution when disentangling the origin of COM emission., Comment: 61 pages, 60 figures. To be published in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2021
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15. Body appreciation around the world: Measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age

Author

Swami, V., Tran, U. S., Stieger, S., Aavik, T., Ranjbar, H. A., Adebayo, S. O., Afhami, R., Ahmed, O., Aimé, A., Akel, M., Halbusi, H. A., Alexias, G., Ali, K. F., Alp-Dal, N., Alsalhani, A. B., Álvares-Solas, S., Amaral, A. C. S., Andrianto, S., Aspden, T., Argyrides, M., Aruta, J. J. B. R., Atkin, S., Ayandele, O., Baceviciene, M., Bahbouh, R., Ballesio, A., Barron, D., Bellard, A., Bender, S. S., Beydağ, K. D., Birovljević, G., Blackburn, M. È, Borja-Alvarez, T., Borowiec, J., Bozogáňová, M., Bratland-Sanda, S., Browning, M. H. E. M., Brytek-Matera, A., Burakova, M., Çakır-Koçak, Y., Camacho, P., Camilleri, V. E., Cazzato, V., Cerea, S., Chaiwutikornwanich, A., Chaleeraktrakoon, T., Chambers, T., Chen, Q. W., Chen, X., Chien, C. L., Chobthamkit, P., Choompunuch, B., Compte, E. J., Corrigan, J., Cosmas, G., Cowden, R. G., Czepczor-Bernat, K., Czub, M., da Silva, W. R., Dadfar, M., Dalley, S. E., Dany, L., Datu, J. A. D., Berbert de Carvalho, P. H., Coelho, G. L. D. H., De Jesus, A. O. S., Debbabi, S. H., Dhakal, S., Di Bernardo, F., Dimitrova, D. D., Dion, J., Dixson, B., Donofrio, S. M., Drysch, M., Du, H., Dzhambov, A. M., El-Jor, C., Enea, V., Eskin, M., Farbod, F., Farrugia, L., Fian, L., Fisher, M. L., Folwarczny, M., Frederick, D. A., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Furnham, A., García, A. A., Geller, S., Ghisi, M., Ghorbani, A., Martinez, M. A. G., Gradidge, S., Graf, S., Grano, C., Gyene, G., Hallit, S., Hamdan, M., Handelzalts, J. E., Hanel, P. H. P., Hawks, S. R., Hekmati, I., Helmy, M., Hill, T., Hina, F., Holenweger, G., Hřebíčková, M., Ijabadeniyi, O. A., Imam, A., İnce, B., Irrazabal, N., Jankauskiene, R., Jiang, D. Y., Jiménez-Borja, M., Jiménez-Borja, V., Johnson, E. M., Jovanović, V., Jović, M., Junqueira, A. C. P., Kahle, L. M., Kantanista, A., Karakiraz, A., Karkin, A. N., Kasten, E., Khatib, S., Khieowan, N., Kimong, P. J., Kiropoulos, L., Knittel, J., Kohli, N., Koprivnik, M., Kospakov, A., Król-Zielińska, M., Krug, I., Kuan, G., Kueh, Y. C., Kujan, O., Kukić, M., Kumar, S., Kumar, V., Lamba, N., Lauri, M. A., Laus, M. F., LeBlanc, L. A., Lee, H. J., Lipowska, M., Lipowski, M., Lombardo, C., Lukács, A., Maïano, C., Malik, S., Manjary, M., Baldó, L. M., Martinez-Banfi, M., Massar, K., Matera, C., McAnirlin, O., Mebarak, M. R., Mechri, A., Meireles, J. F. F., Mesko, N., Mills, J., Miyairi, M., Modi, R., Modrzejewska, A., Modrzejewska, J., Mulgrew, K. E., Myers, T. A., Namatame, H., Nassani, M. Z., Nerini, A., Neto, F., Neto, J., Neves, A. N., Ng, S. K., Nithiya, D., O, J., Obeid, S., Oda-Montecinos, C., Olapegba, P. O., Olonisakin, T. T., Omar, S. S., Örlygsdóttir, B., Özsoy, E., Otterbring, T., Pahl, S., Panasiti, M. S., Park, Y., Patwary, M. M., Pethö, T., Petrova, N., Pietschnig, J., Pourmahmoud, S., Prabhu, V. G., Poštuvan, V., Prokop, P., Ramseyer Winter, V. L., Razmus, M., Ru, T., Rupar, M., Sahlan, R. N., Hassan, M. S., Šalov, A., Sapkota, S., Sarfo, J. O., Sawamiya, Y., Schaefer, K., Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M., Seekis, V., Selvi, K., Sharifi, M., Shrivastava, A., Siddique, R. F., Sigurdsson, V., Silkane, V., Šimunić, A., Singh, G., Slezáčková, A., Sundgot-Borgen, C., Ten Hoor, G., Tevichapong, P., Tipandjan, A., Todd, J., Togas, C., Tonini, F., Tovar-Castro, J. C., Trangsrud, L. K. J., Tripathi, P., Tudorel, O., Tylka, T. L., Uyzbayeva, A., Vally, Z., Vanags, E., Vega, L. D., Vicente-Arruebarrena, A., Vidal-Mollón, J., Vilar, R., Villegas, H., Vintilă, M., Wallner, C., White, M. P., Whitebridge, S., Windhager, S., Wong, K. Y., Yau, E. K., Yamamiya, Y., Yeung, V. W. L., Zanetti, M. C., Zawisza, M., Zeeni, N., Zvaríková, M., Voracek, M., Swami, V., Tran, U. S., Stieger, S., Aavik, T., Ranjbar, H. A., Adebayo, S. O., Afhami, R., Ahmed, O., Aimé, A., Akel, M., Halbusi, H. A., Alexias, G., Ali, K. F., Alp-Dal, N., Alsalhani, A. B., Álvares-Solas, S., Amaral, A. C. S., Andrianto, S., Aspden, T., Argyrides, M., Aruta, J. J. B. R., Atkin, S., Ayandele, O., Baceviciene, M., Bahbouh, R., Ballesio, A., Barron, D., Bellard, A., Bender, S. S., Beydağ, K. D., Birovljević, G., Blackburn, M. È, Borja-Alvarez, T., Borowiec, J., Bozogáňová, M., Bratland-Sanda, S., Browning, M. H. E. M., Brytek-Matera, A., Burakova, M., Çakır-Koçak, Y., Camacho, P., Camilleri, V. E., Cazzato, V., Cerea, S., Chaiwutikornwanich, A., Chaleeraktrakoon, T., Chambers, T., Chen, Q. W., Chen, X., Chien, C. L., Chobthamkit, P., Choompunuch, B., Compte, E. J., Corrigan, J., Cosmas, G., Cowden, R. G., Czepczor-Bernat, K., Czub, M., da Silva, W. R., Dadfar, M., Dalley, S. E., Dany, L., Datu, J. A. D., Berbert de Carvalho, P. H., Coelho, G. L. D. H., De Jesus, A. O. S., Debbabi, S. H., Dhakal, S., Di Bernardo, F., Dimitrova, D. D., Dion, J., Dixson, B., Donofrio, S. M., Drysch, M., Du, H., Dzhambov, A. M., El-Jor, C., Enea, V., Eskin, M., Farbod, F., Farrugia, L., Fian, L., Fisher, M. L., Folwarczny, M., Frederick, D. A., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Furnham, A., García, A. A., Geller, S., Ghisi, M., Ghorbani, A., Martinez, M. A. G., Gradidge, S., Graf, S., Grano, C., Gyene, G., Hallit, S., Hamdan, M., Handelzalts, J. E., Hanel, P. H. P., Hawks, S. R., Hekmati, I., Helmy, M., Hill, T., Hina, F., Holenweger, G., Hřebíčková, M., Ijabadeniyi, O. A., Imam, A., İnce, B., Irrazabal, N., Jankauskiene, R., Jiang, D. Y., Jiménez-Borja, M., Jiménez-Borja, V., Johnson, E. M., Jovanović, V., Jović, M., Junqueira, A. C. P., Kahle, L. M., Kantanista, A., Karakiraz, A., Karkin, A. N., Kasten, E., Khatib, S., Khieowan, N., Kimong, P. J., Kiropoulos, L., Knittel, J., Kohli, N., Koprivnik, M., Kospakov, A., Król-Zielińska, M., Krug, I., Kuan, G., Kueh, Y. C., Kujan, O., Kukić, M., Kumar, S., Kumar, V., Lamba, N., Lauri, M. A., Laus, M. F., LeBlanc, L. A., Lee, H. J., Lipowska, M., Lipowski, M., Lombardo, C., Lukács, A., Maïano, C., Malik, S., Manjary, M., Baldó, L. M., Martinez-Banfi, M., Massar, K., Matera, C., McAnirlin, O., Mebarak, M. R., Mechri, A., Meireles, J. F. F., Mesko, N., Mills, J., Miyairi, M., Modi, R., Modrzejewska, A., Modrzejewska, J., Mulgrew, K. E., Myers, T. A., Namatame, H., Nassani, M. Z., Nerini, A., Neto, F., Neto, J., Neves, A. N., Ng, S. K., Nithiya, D., O, J., Obeid, S., Oda-Montecinos, C., Olapegba, P. O., Olonisakin, T. T., Omar, S. S., Örlygsdóttir, B., Özsoy, E., Otterbring, T., Pahl, S., Panasiti, M. S., Park, Y., Patwary, M. M., Pethö, T., Petrova, N., Pietschnig, J., Pourmahmoud, S., Prabhu, V. G., Poštuvan, V., Prokop, P., Ramseyer Winter, V. L., Razmus, M., Ru, T., Rupar, M., Sahlan, R. N., Hassan, M. S., Šalov, A., Sapkota, S., Sarfo, J. O., Sawamiya, Y., Schaefer, K., Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M., Seekis, V., Selvi, K., Sharifi, M., Shrivastava, A., Siddique, R. F., Sigurdsson, V., Silkane, V., Šimunić, A., Singh, G., Slezáčková, A., Sundgot-Borgen, C., Ten Hoor, G., Tevichapong, P., Tipandjan, A., Todd, J., Togas, C., Tonini, F., Tovar-Castro, J. C., Trangsrud, L. K. J., Tripathi, P., Tudorel, O., Tylka, T. L., Uyzbayeva, A., Vally, Z., Vanags, E., Vega, L. D., Vicente-Arruebarrena, A., Vidal-Mollón, J., Vilar, R., Villegas, H., Vintilă, M., Wallner, C., White, M. P., Whitebridge, S., Windhager, S., Wong, K. Y., Yau, E. K., Yamamiya, Y., Yeung, V. W. L., Zanetti, M. C., Zawisza, M., Zeeni, N., Zvaríková, M., and Voracek, M.

Abstract

The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used measure of a core facet of the positive body image construct. However, extant research concerning measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across a large number of nations remains limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset – with data collected between 2020 and 2022 – to assess measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that full scalar invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional BAS-2 model has widespread applicability. There were large differences across nations and languages in latent body appreciation, while differences across gender identities and age groups were negligible-to-small. Additionally, greater body appreciation was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction, being single (versus being married or in a committed relationship), and greater rurality (versus urbanicity). Across a subset of nations where nation-level data were available, greater body appreciation was also significantly associated with greater cultural distance from the United States and greater relative income inequality. These findings suggest that the BAS-2 likely captures a near-universal conceptualisation of the body appreciation construct, which should facilitate further cross-cultural research.

Published
2023

16. Total neutron emission from deuteron fusion and plasma pinch compression in a medium-sized plasma focus operating with D2 and D2 + Ne gas mixtures—Experimental results.

Author

Marciniak, L., Kulinska, A., Scholz, M., Akel, M., Lee, S., and Saw, S. H.

Subjects
PINCH effect (Physics), PLASMA focus, GAS mixtures, NEUTRON emission, NEUTRON counters, PLASMA dynamics
Abstract

Newly obtained results on hot and dense deuterium and deuterium-neon plasma compression in a z-pinch electrical discharge configuration are presented. The investigated plasma was generated and compressed using 269 high-current discharges in a medium-sized (dense) plasma focus device. The experimental chamber of the device was filled with deuterium and deuterium-neon gas mixtures under constant total mass/density conditions. Magnetic and electric probes, beryllium neutron activation counter, and high-speed four-frame vacuum ultraviolet/soft x-ray pinhole camera were used to study the plasma dynamics and radiation emission. The results obtained experimentally for the first time confirmed clearly a decrease in the minimum radius of plasma columns with an increase in initial neon fraction. Simultaneously, a decrease in the total neutron emission from deuteron fusion was found. The observed plasma/discharge evolution revealed that the classical description of plasma-focus discharges can be approximately correct up to the moment of maximum compression. Including, existence of quasi-equilibrium plasma compression is probable. It is also possible that the homogeneity of plasma columns during the slow compression phase and maximum compression moment increases with the increase in initial neon fraction. The effect of higher stabilization (repeatability) of discharges was confirmed, for higher initial neon fractions. The dependency of the total neutron emission yield on the parameters describing the full discharge dynamics and the maximum discharge voltage was confirmed. The existence of this type of dependency, for a minimum pinch radius is also possible. In contrast, there was little dependency to the total discharge current parameters measured in the collector area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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20. Factors associated with quality of life among community pharmacists in Lebanon: results of a cross-sectional study

Author

Sacre H, Obeid S, Choueiry G, Hobeika E, Farah R, Hajj A, Akel M, Hallit S, Salameh P

Subjects
quality of life, burnout professional, fatigue, depression, pharmacies, pharmacists, risk factors, multivariate analysis, surveys and questionnaires, lebanon, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract

Lebanon. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out between March and July 2018, enrolling 435 pharmacists, using a proportionate random sample of community pharmacies from all districts of Lebanon. The validated Arabic translation of the Short-Form 12 (SF12v2) was used to derive 2 summary scores: physical and mental component summaries (PCS and MCS). Results: Lebanese community pharmacists scored a mean PCS-12 and MCS-12 of 48.9 (SD 7.1) and 48.8 (SD 8.5), respectively. Higher age (Beta= -0.08), having a PhD degree (Beta= -4.54), higher depression score (Beta= -0.25), higher emotional work fatigue (Beta= -0.13) and higher physical work fatigue (Beta=-0.14) were significantly associated with lower physical QoL (lower PCS-12 scores). Increased stress (Beta= -0.17), higher insomnia (Beta= -0.21), higher depression (Beta= -0.2) and working for over 40 hours per week (Beta= -0.2) were significantly associated with lower mental QoL (lower mental MCS-12 scores). Conclusions: Our research has found a strong correlation between quality of life and psychological factors, including stress, burnout, insomnia, and depression among community pharmacists.

Published
2019
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24. Unlocking the sulphur chemistry in intermediate-mass protostars of Cygnus X Connecting the cold and warm chemistry

Author

el Akel, M., Kristensen, L. E., Le Gal, R., van der Walt, S. J., Pitts, R. L., Dulieu, F., el Akel, M., Kristensen, L. E., Le Gal, R., van der Walt, S. J., Pitts, R. L., and Dulieu, F.

Abstract

Context. The chemistry of sulphur-bearing species in the interstellar medium remains poorly understood, but might play a key role in the chemical evolution of star-forming regions. Aims. Coupling laboratory experiments to observations of sulphur-bearing species in different parts of star-forming regions, we aim to understand the chemical behavior of the sulphur species in cold and warm regions of protostars, and we ultimately hope to connect them. Methods. We performed laboratory experiments in which we tested the reactivity of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on a cold substrate with hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide (CO) under different physical conditions that allowed us to determine the products from sulphur reactions using a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The laboratory experiments were complemented by observations. We observed two luminous binary sources in the Cygnus-X star-forming complex, Cygnus X-N30 and N12, covering a frequency range of 329-361 GHz at a spatial resolution of 1 '' 5 with the SubMillimeter Array (SMA). This study was complemented by a 3 mm line survey of Cygnus X-N12 covering specific frequency windows in the frequency ranges 72.0-79.8 GHz at a spatial resolution of 34 '' 0-30 '' 0 and 84.2-115.5 GHz at a spatial resolution of 29 '' 0-21 '' 0, with the IRAM-30 m single-dish telescope. Column densities and excitation temperatures were derived under the local thermodynamic equilibrium approximation. Results. We find that OCS is a direct product from H2S reacting with CO and H under cold temperatures (T < 100 K) from laboratory experiments. OCS is therefore found to be an important solid-state S-reservoir. We identify several S-species in the cold envelope of Cyg X-N12, principally organo-sulphurs (H2CS, CS, OCS, CCS, C3S, CH3SH, and HSCN). For the hot cores of Cyg X-N12 and N30, only OCS, CS and H2CS were detected. We found a difference in the S-diversity between the hot core and the cold envelope of N12, which is likely due to the sensitivity of t

Published
2022

41. Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey of the Cygnus X region (PILS-Cygnus) First results:Observations of CygX-N30

Author

van der Walt, S. J., Kristensen, L. E., Jorgensen, J. K., Calcutt, H., Manigand, S., el Akel, M., Garrod, R. T., Qiu, K., van der Walt, S. J., Kristensen, L. E., Jorgensen, J. K., Calcutt, H., Manigand, S., el Akel, M., Garrod, R. T., and Qiu, K.

Abstract

Context. Complex organic molecules (COMs) are commonly detected in and near star-forming regions. However, the dominant process in the release of these COMs from the icy grains - where they predominately form - to the gas phase is still an open question.Aims. We investigate the origin of COM emission in a high-mass protostellar source, CygX-N30 MM1, through high-angular-resolution interferometric observations over a continuous broad frequency range.Methods. We used 32 GHz Submillimeter Array observations with continuous frequency coverage from 329 to 361 GHz at an angular resolution of similar to 1 '' to do a line survey and obtain a chemical inventory of the source. The line emission in the frequency range was used to determine column densities and excitation temperatures for the COMs. We also mapped out the intensity distribution of the different species.Results. We identified approximately 400 lines that can be attributed to 29 different molecular species and their isotopologues. We find that the molecular peak emission is along a linear gradient, and coincides with the axis of red- and blueshifted H2CO and CS emission. Chemical differentiation is detected along this gradient, with the O-bearing molecular species peaking towards one component of the system and the N- and S-bearing species peaking towards the other. The chemical gradient is offset from but parallel to the axis through the two continuum sources. The inferred column densities and excitation temperatures are compared to other sources where COMs are abundant. Only one deuterated molecule is detected, HDO, while an upper limit for CH2DOH is derived, leading to a D/H ratio ofConclusions. We conclude that the origin of the observed COM emission is probably a combination of the young stellar sources along with accretion of infalling material onto a disc-like structure surrounding a young protostar and located close to one of the continuum sources. This disc and protostar are

Published
2021

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