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Is children's literature only beneficial to children? Or do the benefits of children's literature also extend to the knowledge and mathematical skills of the teachers who employ it and reflect on it? This study seeks to investigate the role of picturebooks on the mathematical knowledge of preschool teacher candidates. For this purpose, in-depth examinations of how picturebooks can be used in teaching preschool mathematics and children's literature. As well as the changes in the content knowledge of the teacher candidates, were done by conducting focus group interviews with teacher candidates. This is a qualitative case study consisting of focus group discussions in which high-level knowledge sharing and production can be achieved through interaction and associations. In the research, 11 picturebooks were discussed, and 8 teacher candidates participated in 6 focus group interviews lasting a total of 338 min throughout a 7 week period. The study's findings have demonstrated that through children's literature, teacher candidates' misconceptions about measuring length can be revealed and eliminated without the need for another source, with discussions based on consciously and systematically selected picturebooks. Thus, it can be said that picturebooks act as a catalyst for the studies that aim to enhance the mathematical content knowledge of teacher candidates. The study has also observed that picturebooks can comprehensively address the fundamental concepts of length measurement.

This study explored factors impacting the decision for gifted females to pursue a career in computer science. The study used a phenomenological approach to delve into the experiences of ten gifted alumnae of The Gatton Academy of Mathematics and Science (Gatton), a residential STEM program, aiming to reveal nuanced insights into factors shaping their career development. Participants were selected based on their initial intentions to pursue careers other than CS before attending Gatton but changing to a CS focus afterward. Semi-structured interviews conducted via Zoom and coded using thematic analysis provided rich data on lived experiences and perspectives of participants. Findings shed light on the multifaceted factors influencing gifted women's career intentions before attending Gatton, the transformative effects of the residential STEM program on their decisions to pursue CS careers, and the evolution of their perceptions of CS over time.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) implicate broad genomic loci containing clusters of highly correlated genetic variants. Finemapping techniques can select and prioritize variants within each GWAS locus which are more likely to have a functional influence on the trait. Here, we present a novel method, Finemap-MiXeR, for finemapping causal variants from GWAS summary statistics, controlling for correlation among variants due to linkage disequilibrium. Our method is based on a variational Bayesian approach and direct optimization of the Evidence Lower Bound (ELBO) of the likelihood function derived from the MiXeR model. After obtaining the analytical expression for ELBOs gradient, we apply Adaptive Moment Estimation (ADAM) algorithm for optimization, allowing us to obtain the posterior causal probability of each variant. Using these posterior causal probabilities, we validated Finemap-MiXeR across a wide range of scenarios using both synthetic data, and real data on height from the UK Biobank. Comparison of Finemap-MiXeR with two existing methods, FINEMAP and SuSiE RSS, demonstrated similar or improved accuracy. Furthermore, our method is computationally efficient in several aspects. For example, unlike many other methods in the literature, its computational complexity does not increase with the number of true causal variants in a locus and it does not require any matrix inversion operation. The mathematical framework of Finemap-MiXeR is flexible and may also be applied to other problems including cross-trait and cross-ancestry finemapping.

Abstract Aims Right ventricular (RV) failure is one of the leading causes of death in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Conventional echocardiographic parameters are not included in risk stratification and follow‐up for prognostic assessment due to PH's diverse nature and the RV's complex geometry. RV outflow tract velocity time integral (RVOT VTI) is a simple, non‐invasive estimate of pulmonary flow and an echocardiographic surrogate of RV stroke volume. In this study, we aimed to define the prognostic value of RVOT VTI in PH patients. Methods Sixty‐three subjects with idiopathic PAH (IPAH) (n = 23), connective tissue disease‐associated PAH (CTD‐associated PAH) (n = 19) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) (n = 21) were retrospectively included. A comprehensive two‐dimensional echocardiographic evaluation, including RVOT‐VTI measurement, was performed during the follow‐up and the New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA FC), 6 min walk distance (6MWD) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels were recorded. Results The median age of the whole cohort was 63 years (52–68), and 47 (74.6%) of the patients were women. The median follow‐up period was 20 months (11–33), and 20 (31.7%) patients died in this period. BNP values were higher [317 (210–641) vs 161 (47–466), P = 0.02], and 6MWD values were lower [197.5 ± 89.5 vs 339 ± 146.3, P

Gamze Ertaş,1 Hamiyet Şenol Çakmak,1 Sevda Akdeniz,1 Alparslan Yurtbay,2 Ebru Polat,2 Yavuz Yigit,3,4 Nezih Sertöz,5 Serkan Tulgar1 1Department of Anesthesiology, Samsun University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkiye; 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsun University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkiye; 3Department of Emergency Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; 4Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University, London, UK; 5Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, TurkiyeCorrespondence: Yavuz Yigit, Hamad Medical Corporation,Hamad General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Emergency Department, Doha, 3050, Qatar, Tel +97430616054, Email yyigit@hamad.qaIntroduction: Hip fracture surgeries in patients present significant challenges, particularly in managing pain during spinal anesthesia positioning. The Pericapsular Nerve Group Block (PENG) has shown promise in addressing this issue, but the ideal volume of local anesthetic for PENG is still uncertain. In our study, we aimed to analyze the effects of administering PENG block with two different volumes on analgesic quality for patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.Methods: In this prospective, randomized controlled trial, the effects of administering a PENG block with 20 mL versus 30 mL of local anesthetic in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery under spinal anesthesia were compared. The primary outcome was pain during spinal anesthesia positioning, and secondary outcomes included postoperative pain scores and opioid consumption.Results: A total of 60 patients were analyzed, with 30 in each group. Critical parameters such as the time of spinal anesthesia administration and the satisfaction of the anesthesiologist showed no significant differences (p=0.918; p=0.741, respectively). NRS scores recorded before, during, and after the positioning for spinal anesthesia exhibited similar patterns (p=0.290; p=0.247; p=0.288, respectively). The cumulative opioid requirements did not exhibit a statistically significant difference at 24 hours (p = 0.098). Quadriceps weakness was significantly more in the PENG-30 group 6 hours after surgery but had recovered by the 9th hour (p= 0.004).Conclusion: In patients undergoing hip fracture surgery, the effects of applying the PENG block with 20 mL or 30 mL of local anesthetic are comparable in terms of positioning for spinal anesthesia and postoperative analgesic requirements.Keywords: hip fracture surgery, pericapsular nerve group block, PENG, spinal anesthesia positioning, postoperative analgesia, local anesthetic volume

Cyberbullying is defined as intentional, repetitive, and harmful behaviors carried out using computers, cell phones, or other electronic devices. In recent years, there has been an increase in the rates of cyberbullying parallel to the rise in Internet usage. Particularly among adolescents, the prevalence of cyberbullying and cyber victimization are quite high. Adolescents who cyberbully or cyber victim face serious mental health problems. In this reason, efforts should be made to prevent adolescents from being exposed to these negative effects. It is crucial to identify the risk factors and protective factors related to cyberbullying, as they can guide preventive interventions. The review aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on the risk factors and protective factors influencing cyberbullying. Furthermore, information was provided regarding the definition, historical trend, prevalence, and consequences of cyberbullying. In this review, firstly, the definition of cyberbullying is provided, followed by a detailed discussion of its history, prevalence, risk factors, and protective factors. It is expected that the study, which comprehensively explains the factors related to cyberbullying, will contribute to the literature on cyberbullying and provide guidance to professionals working in this field."

This study was conducted as a descriptive and cross-sectional study to examine the effects of game addiction and social media addiction on the lifestyle of Turkish adolescents. The study was conducted between May to June 2022, involved 1116 adolescents in the 13-18 age group receiving education in three high schools situated in the Western region of Turkey. Data were collected online with the Descriptive Information Form, Game Addiction Scale Short Form for Adolescents (GAS), Social Media Addiction Scale for Adolescents (SMAS), and Adolescent Lifestyle Profile Scale (ALP). Mean, percentage, t test, analysis of variance and linear regression analysis were used for analyzing data. There was a statistically significant difference between the presence of social media accounts and smartphones, duration of having social media account, average time spent daily on social media accounts and virtual games, social media use characteristics for the last 6 months, interests of influencers followed on social media, affection by influencers, and effect of social media on daily life and the mean scores on GAS, SMAS, and ALP. It was determined that game addiction and social media addiction explained 61.8% of the lifestyles of adolescents and significantly affected them. In addition, social media use characteristics, game addiction, and social media addiction explain and significantly predict the lifestyle of adolescents at a rate of 62.8%. The results of the study reveal that game addiction and social media addiction is a significant predictor of Turkish adolescents' lifestyle. It can be recommended to provide trainings that shed light on the importance of efficient use of technology to adolescents and their parents and to evaluate the effectiveness of these trainings.

The present study aims to examine the mathematical language use of primary prospective teachers through the mathematical texts they write. Forty-seven 3rd-year prospective teachers studying in the Department of Mathematics Education at a university participated in the study. The prospective teachers were asked to solve 4 open-ended mathematics problems, in which 3 of them were taken from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012. The data were analyzed through the content analysis method. The main findings of the study illustrate that the language used by the prospective teachers in the mathematical texts they have written were incomplete or incorrect in logical connective use, equal, congruent, approximate symbols, time measurement expressions, rational numbers, abbreviation, division algorithm, ratio-proportion representation and the presentation of solutions. The errors and ambiguity in participants' proportion.

It has been recently reported that immune activity of some animal peptides/proteins has been found in some plants. In this study, the presence of immune reactivity of alarin, asprosin, paraoxonase, elabela, glucagon, and nesfatin-1 like molecules was investigated in two plant species related to Kastamonu Taşköprü garlic (an endemic cultivar of the Allium sativum L.) and Tunceli garlic (Allium tuncelianum).

Background: The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of pregnant women with neurological symptoms due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and Methods: This research was carried out in the Samsun University. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation from December 2021 to May 2022. Pregnant women exhibiting neurological symptoms linked to COVID-19 were assigned to one of the two groups, depending on the severity of the disease–mild (Group 1) and severe (Group 2). Specimens were collected from patients’ CSF, and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 was investigated using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. SARS-CoV-2 was also investigated using RT-PCR by collecting oropharyngeal swab specimens from infants in the first 6 h after birth. Results: One hundred fifty patients were enrolled, 75 in both groups. The most frequent neurological symptoms were dizziness in Group 1 (52%) and headache in Group 2 (32%). No significant differences were determined in neutrophils, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, platelets, ferritin, D-dimer, C-reactive protein, prothrombin time, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, sedimentation, or fibrinogen values. SARS-CoV-2 was identified in the CSF of only one patient, from Group 2. Infant oropharyngeal swab specimens tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR. Conclusion: This study indicates that the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in CSF via RT-PCR is rare. We suggest that neurological symptoms linked to SARS-CoV-2 are not caused by direct invasion and that other etiologies represent more likely mechanisms.

During the sacred period known as Ramadan in the Islamic faith, abstaining from food and drink is observed from dawn until dusk. This fasting practice can lead to alterations in the circadian rhythm due to sudden shifts in dietary habits and sleep patterns. Given that changes in circadian rhythm can impact sleep patterns, a relational survey model was implemented in this investigation. Data collection involved the utilization of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) alongside a sociodemographic survey. A total of seventy-three athletes willingly participated in the study. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 25.0, employing the Mann-Whitney U test for variables with two parameters and the Kruskall-Wallis H test was for those with three or more parameters. The significance level was established at p ≤ 0.05. Upon comparing the PSQI and its sub-dimensions, a statistically significant difference was observed in relation to age, alterations in mealtimes, changes in appetite, duration of sleep, and time required to fall asleep. Consequently, the data gathered in our study indicates that modifications in eating and sleeping schedules during Ramadan can disrupt the sleep quality of athletes.

Sektörlerin birbirleriyle olan etkileşimleri, diğer bir ifadeyle bağınlaşma ilişkisindeki değişimleri ortaya koyan yapısal değişim analizi; ekonomi politika yapıcıları açısından önem taşımaktadır. Söz konusu yapısal değişimi nicel olarak ortaya konulmasında, girdi-çıktı modelleri sıkça kullanılan bir analiz aracıdır. Bu kapsamda yapısal değişim analizi, genel olarak iki farklı dönem için ilgili ekonomilerin kilit sektörlerindeki değişimleri incelemektedir. Buna ek olarak iki farklı dönem için çarpan üretim matrisinin (multiplier product matrix) hesaplanmasıyla, sektörler arası bağınlaşma ilişkilerindeki farklılıklar tespit edilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye ekonomisindeki olası yapısal değişimlerin analiz edilmesi amacıyla; 1995 ve 2018 yıllarına ilişkin girdi-çıktı tabloları kullanılmıştır. OECD veri tabanından elde edilen girdi-çıktı tablolarında toplulaştırma işlemine gidilerek, 20 sektöre indirgenen tablolar aracılığıyla bağlantı etkileri hesaplanarak ilgili yıllara ilişkin kilit sektörler tanımlanmıştır. Buna göre her iki dönem için imalat ile elektrik, gaz, buhar ve havalandırma sistemi üretim ve dağıtımı sektörleri kilit sektör niteliğindedir. 1995 yılında kilit sektörler arasında yer alan gayrimenkul faaliyetlerinin, 2018 yılında kilit sektör niteliğini yitirdiği; tarım, ormancılık ve balıkçılık ile ulaştırma ve depolama sektörlerinin ise son dönemde kilit sektör niteliği kazandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Olası yapısal değişim incelenmesi için kullanılan çarpan üretim matrisinden elde edilen bulgulara göre; Türkiye ekonomisi için tarım, ormancılık ve balıkçılık, elektrik, gaz, buhar ve havalandırma sistemi üretim ve dağıtımı ile toptan ve perakende ticaret; motorlu taşıtların ve motosikletlerin onarımı sektörlerinin ekonomideki ağırlığının arttığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Öte yandan gayrimenkul faaliyetleri, eğitim ile kültür, sanat eğlence, dinlence ve spor sektörlerinin ise bağınlaşma ilişkileri açısından öneminin önceki döneme göre azaldığı tespit edilmiştir.