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Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a chorioretinal disease that is characterized by central vision loss and is usually seen in middle-aged males. It has been associated with the use of various drugs, including corticosteroids and phosphodiesterase inhibitors. We present the case of a 36-year-old male who developed CSCR after a few weeks of irregular use of quetiapine for his sleep problems. The clinical findings of the patient improved shortly after he stopped using the drug, and at the end of the two-month period complete recovery was observed. Quetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic that exerts its effects on dopamine and serotonin receptors. There are studies showing that these neurotransmitters may play a role in the control of choroidal vascular permeability, which is the underlying cause of CSCR. Therefore, we believe that quetiapine may have a causal relationship with CSCR. To our knowledge, this is the first case report documenting full recovery from quetiapine associated CSCR.

Chemicals used for seed treatments help to increase the agricultural production by preventing pests and pathogens but also cause environmental and health problems. Thus, environmentally-friendly technologies need to be developed for a seed treatment that inactivates surface microflora and improves seed vigor. One such pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment applied to cucumber seeds in the range of 1.07-17.28 Joule (J) significantly enhanced a mean germination rate (MGR) by up to 9%, a normal seedling rate by 25.73%, and a resistance to 100 and 200 mM salt stresses by 96% and 91.67%, respectively, with a stronger and faster growth of roots and seedlings. PEF treatment provided 3.34 and 3.22 log-reductions in the surface microflora of total mold and yeast and total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, respectively. The electrical conductivity (EC) values of the control samples increased over time, from 4 to 24 h. Those of the PEF-treated samples after 4, 12, and 24th hours were also more affected by the measurement time not by the PEF treatment.

In the present note, we have given a new integral identity via Conformable fractional integrals and some further properties. We have proved some integral inequalities for different kinds of convexity via Conformable fractional integrals. We have also showed that special cases of our findings gave some new inequalities involving Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals.

Background: Achievement goal theory is a popular motivational theory within education and psychology, with several review papers summarizing the extensive work done in these fields. Although reviews exist in these specific fields, none exists within science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. This is a considerable gap in our knowledge as STEM educators, especially engineering educators, where motivation is often ill-defined. Purpose: This paper highlights the findings of a systematic review of how STEM educators have used achievement goal theory within undergraduate STEM education. Scope/Method: We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 checklist for our search. A total of 50 studies (43 journal articles and 7 conference proceedings) were included in our review. Results: Our review revealed five common themes: quantitative methodologies, sex, emotions, academic achievement, and culture. A majority of the papers reviewed used quantitative methods. Although there was inconclusive evidence of differences in motivational orientations based on biological sex, the most studied emotion (anxiety) was found to be inversely correlated with mastery orientations. Among the many ways to measure academic achievement, exam scores was the most popular method reported. Lastly, ethnic, institutional, and department cultures were significant factors in shaping a student's motivational orientation. Conclusions: Our review suggests that a motivational difference between students based on biological sex is inconclusive. We also recommend more studies that use qualitative or mixed methodologies to gain further insight into students' motivational processes and consider how cultural contexts may impact students' motivational orientations.

In this paper, we obtain some new inequalities for functions whose second derivatives’ absolute value is s−convex and log −convex. Also, we give some applications for numerical integration.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effectiveness of the explicit teaching method using "Augmented Reality (AR)" in teaching sensory organs to students with "Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)". The participants of this research are consist of three male students with ASD. They are attending Special Education Vocational School. The design of this research is the multiple probe design with probe conditions across subjects. The dependent variable of the research is the learning level of the structure and functions of the sensory organs of the students with ASD. The independent variable is the explicit teaching method using AR. The findings indicated that the explicit teaching method using AR is effective in teaching the structure and functions of the sensory organs in three students with ASD. It was revealed that the participants maintained their acquisitions about sensory organs they learned in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks. Additionally, generalization data indicated that three students with ASD generalized the skills they learned.

Serkan Dundar,1 Abubekir Eltas,2 Sema S Hakki,3 Sıddık Malkoc,4 M Ozay Uslu,2 Mehmet Tuzcu,5 James Komorowski,6 I Hanifi Ozercan,7 Fatih Akdemir,8 Kazim Sahin9 1Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Firat University, Elazig, 2Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, 3Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, 4Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, 5Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey; 6Research & Development, Nutrition 21 Inc., Purchase, NY, USA; 7Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, 8Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries, Inonu University, Malatya, 9Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey Abstract: The purpose of this study was to induce experimental periodontitis in rats previously fed diets containing arginine silicate inositol (ASI) complex and examine the biochemical, immunological, and radiological effects. Fifty two 8-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were equally divided into four groups. The control group included those fed a standard rat diet with no operation performed during the experiment. The periodontitis, ASI I, and ASI II groups were subjected to experimental periodontitis induction for 11 days after being fed a standard rat diet alone, a diet containing 1.81 g/kg ASI complex, or a diet containing 3.62 g/kg ASI complex, respectively, for 8 weeks. Throughout the 11-day duration of periodontitis induction, all rats were fed standard feed. The rats were euthanized on the eleventh day, and their tissue and blood samples were collected. In the periodontitis group, elevated tissue destruction parameters and reduced tissue formation parameters were found, as compared to the ASI groups. Levels of enzymes, cytokines, and mediators associated with periodontal tissue destruction were lower in rats fed a diet containing ASI complex after experimental periodontitis. These results indicate that ASI complex could be an alternative agent for host modulation. Keywords: arginine silicate inositol complex, experimental periodontitis, host modulation, micro-computed tomography, periodontal infection

Since its first description from Madagaskar, there are about 16 living (Recent) species of the genus Zonocypris reported from Afrotropical, Neotropical and Palearctic regions. Similarly, there are about 16 fossil with two (sub)species of the genus known from the Early Cretaceous (e.g., India, France, Russia, China, Brazil) to Holocene (e.g., Albania). Among the species, the only species known with fossil and living species is Zonocypris costata. In Turkey, Zonocypris membranae with two subspecies (Z. m. membranae,Z. m. quadricella) is the only fossil species known while living individuals of Z. costata were encountered the southeast Anatolia. Additionally, Zonocypris mardinensis n. sp. is now proposed as a new species which shows clear differences in the soft body parts (e.g., aesthetasc ya in A1, knife-type G2 claw, shapes of clasping organs and hemipenis) and carapace structure (e.g., LV with extension, RV with posterior denticles). Overall, living species reported herein seem to inhabit comparatively warm (15–30 °C) within the ranges of slightly acidic to alkaline (pH 6.81–8.44) and low to well oxygenated waters (3.05–18.8 mg/l) where they can tolerate salinity (electrical conductivity 103–1910 μS/cm) values within a limited elevational range (336–991 m). Our results suggest that geographic distribution of the living species of the genus is limited within southern parts of Turkey while fossil forms seem to exhibit much wider distribution in northern parts. Anatolian Diagonal as physical barrier may be considered to play a critical role on separating fossil (east-north regions) and extant (southeast region) species of the genus in Turkey. This is the first supportive evidence provided by the species of the genus Zonocypris that geographic barrier could have played the main role on its distribution.

Language education evolves and is shaped by the needs of the generations as well as the contemporary realities of the world. Today, humanity faces with rapid developments and innovations in technology and science. These realities shape the society and each community in the world. In this regard, the term Generation Z (Gen Z) has emerged. Gen Z has its own dynamics and realities which, in turn, entails new issues in learning and teaching. It is not possible to implement classical and obsolete techniques and ways while teaching English to Gen Z. Current paper is an attempt to investigate the theoretical and practical issues of teaching English to Gen Z.

Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the long-term effects of botulinum toxin A (BTA) in patients diagnosed with benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) and hemifacial spasm (HFS) comparing the drug dose in early and late periods and mean duration of relief. Materials and Methods: The records of patients who were treated with BTA for BEB and HFS were analyzed retrospectively. The patients who had

Abstract Background Distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability is a common post-traumatic complication, often leading to chronic pain and dysfunction. Current reconstructive techniques, such as the single suture button construct, offer suboptimal stabilization in certain motions. This study aimed to evaluate whether a double suture button construct provides greater stability than the single construct in a cadaver model of DRUJ instability. We hypothesized that the double suture button construct would more effectively minimize dorsal translation of the radius relative to the ulna. Methods We used nine freshly frozen human cadaver upper extremities, destabilized the DRUJ, and then reconstructed the joint using three different suture button constructs: single transverse, double (transverse + oblique), and single oblique. The specimens were secured in a custom-designed testing apparatus to measure dorsal translation of the radius. The study proceeded in five stages: stable DRUJ, unstable DRUJ, and reconstruction using a single transverse, double (transverse + oblique), and single oblique suture button construct. Dorsal translation was measured at neutral, 45° pronation, and 45° supination. Statistical comparisons of mean values were conducted for each stage. Results Reconstruction with the transverse, transverse plus oblique, and oblique suture button constructs resulted in statistically significant reductions in dorsal translation compared to the unstable DRUJ (p

Pathological upgrading poses a significant challenge in treatment decision-making, particularly for patients considered for active surveillance (AS). This study aimed to devise a novel scoring system to predict the risk of upgrading in patients with biopsy Gleason grade group 1 prostate cancer. We conducted a retrospective review of 235 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between February 2014 and June 2022. Data on patient age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, body mass index, clinical T-stage, prior biopsy history, Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) score, time interval from biopsy to surgery, and pathological outcomes were collected. After a comprehensive review of the literature, multivariate analyses identified seven factors associated with upgrading in prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy: uninformative prior biopsy sample, PSA level, greatest percentage of tumor involvement, radiological PIRADS score, age, delay from biopsy to surgery and extension of positive cores. These factors were integrated into our devised U.P.G.R.A.D.E. model to form a scoring system. The U.P.G.R.A.D.E. score was calculated based on the cumulative score of these variables. The predictive performance of the U.P.G.R.A.D.E. scoring system was assessed, revealing a cohort with a mean age of 64.22 ± 5.88 years and a mean PSA value of 8.92 ± 5.05 ng/mL. The pathological samples of 95 patients (40.6%) were upgraded, and the upgraded patients exhibited significantly higher U.P.G.R.A.D.E. scores (p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve for the U.P.G.R.A.D.E. scoring system demonstrated robust predictive ability for upgrading (AUROC = 0.952; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 0.926–0.978; p < 0.001). In addition, a higher U.P.G.R.A.D.E. score was strongly associated with an increased risk of upgrading in biopsy Gleason grade group 1 patients, suggesting potential limitations for active surveillance eligibility in these individuals. Further validation studies are warranted to confirm these initial findings.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are injuries with a high incidence in athletes, and ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is a surgical treatment orthopedists perform. This study aims to compare the 6 and 12 months post-op results of single leg hop tests (SLHT) performed in multidirectional conventional semitendinosus/gracilis (ST/G) and modified all inside (MAI) ACLR techniques on both sides and the limb symmetry indexes (LSI) of both techniques. This study evaluated a retrospective cohort of 50 male athletes who applied MAI (n = 23) and traditional ACLR ST/G (n = 27) techniques. Functional knee strength of the participants on both sides was measured with different SLHTs at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. The SLHT included medial side (MSTH), triple hop (TH), medial rotation (90°) (MRH), crossover triple (CH) ve the single hop (SH) hop for distance. Both ACLR techniques showed significant improvement in mean Tegner, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm scores preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively (p < 0.05). For MAI and ST/G techniques, there was no significant difference in the results of SLHTs at 6 and 12 months for both the operated and non-operated sides (p < 0.05). Significance was found only in the MRH test of the non-operated side (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in SLHT scores between the operated and non-operated sides at 6 and 12 months postoperatively (p > 0.05). There was no difference in LSI scores between techniques (p < 0.05). Our study revealed similar LSI rates in ST/G and MAI techniques at 6 and 12 months, suggesting that MAI technique can be used as a functional ACLR technique for athletes.

Abstract Analyses of complex behaviors of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) have become increasingly important in diseases diagnosis. The changes of the phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) signal formed by the velocity of flowing CSF are represented as a set of velocity-encoded images or maps, which can be thought of as signal data in the context of medical imaging, enabling the evaluation of pulsatile patterns throughout a cardiac cycle. However, automatic segmentation of the CSF region in a PC-MRI image is challenging, and implementing an explained ML method using pulsatile data as a feature remains unexplored. This paper presents lightweight machine learning (ML) algorithms to perform CSF lumen segmentation in spinal, utilizing sets of velocity-encoded images or maps as a feature. The Dataset contains 57 PC-MRI slabs by 3T MRI scanner from control and idiopathic scoliosis participants are involved to collect data. The ML models are trained with 2176 time series images. Different cardiac periods image (frame) numbers of PC-MRIs are interpolated in the preprocessing step to align to features of equal size. The fivefold cross-validation procedure is used to estimate the success of the ML models. Additionally, the study focusses on enhancing the interpretability of the highest-accuracy eXtreme gradient boosting (XGB) model by applying the shapley additive explanations (SHAP) technique. The XGB algorithm presented its highest accuracy, with an average fivefold accuracy of 0.99% precision, 0.95% recall, and 0.97% F1 score. We evaluated the significance of each pulsatile feature's contribution to predictions, offering a more profound understanding of the model's behavior in distinguishing CSF lumen pixels with SHAP. Introducing a novel approach in the field, develop ML models offer comprehension into feature extraction and selection from PC-MRI pulsatile data. Moreover, the explained ML model offers novel and valuable insights to domain experts, contributing to an enhanced scholarly understanding of CSF dynamics.

Inappropriate sexual behaviors may be observed in individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID), especially during adolescence. There are several undesired consequences of exhibiting such behaviors in public spaces, such as schools. The competencies and attitudes of special education teachers, who are responsible for the education of individuals with ID, are of significant influence. This study was conducted to investigate the views of special education teachers working with adolescents with ID on inappropriate sexual behaviors exhibited in educational settings. Accordingly, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 special education teachers. The phenomenological research design, one of the qualitative research methods, and thematic analysis were used in this study. Five themes were identified after the analysis of the findings of the study, namely, common behaviors, teacher attitudes, teacher competencies, teacher interventions, and educational content. The findings were discussed on the basis of the relevant studies in the literature and a number of conclusions were reached. Accordingly, the inappropriate sexual behaviors that special education teachers encounter the most frequently are masturbation, undressing, and touching, and when these behaviors are exhibited aggressively, teachers have difficulty in intervening. Participants regard themselves to be incompetent in terms of sexual education and consider relevant educational content inadequate.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a relatively common and genetically heterogeneous structural birth defect associated with high mortality and morbidity. We describe eight unrelated families with an X-linked condition characterized by diaphragm defects, variable anterior body-wall anomalies, and/or facial dysmorphism. Using linkage analysis and exome or genome sequencing, we found that missense variants in plastin 3 (PLS3), a gene encoding an actin bundling protein, co-segregate with disease in all families. Loss-of-function variants in PLS3 have been previously associated with X-linked osteoporosis (MIM: 300910), so we used in silico protein modeling and a mouse model to address these seemingly disparate clinical phenotypes. The missense variants in individuals with CDH are located within the actin-binding domains of the protein but are not predicted to affect protein structure, whereas the variants in individuals with osteoporosis are predicted to result in loss of function. A mouse knockin model of a variant identified in one of the CDH-affected families, c.1497G>C (p.Trp499Cys), shows partial perinatal lethality and recapitulates the key findings of the human phenotype, including diaphragm and abdominal-wall defects. Both the mouse model and one adult human male with a CDH-associated PLS3 variant were observed to have increased rather than decreased bone mineral density. Together, these clinical and functional data in humans and mice reveal that specific missense variants affecting the actin-binding domains of PLS3 might have a gain-of-function effect and cause a Mendelian congenital disorder.

Climate change has emerged as a pressing concern affecting nations worldwide, particularly within the African continent, including Benin. Given that maize stands as a staple cereal in Benin, this research to assess the impact and predict the effects of climate change on maize production by the year 2050. To attain this objective, an assortment of data encompassing climatic conditions, demographic factors, fertilizer application levels, and emissions of environmental pollutants has been collected and analyzed. The data analysis based on ARDL and ARIMA models has unveiled those variables such as emissions of CO2 and CH4 through food waste, peak temperatures, precipitation patterns, and rural population density exert considerable immediate influence over maize production volumes. The predictive models portend an upswing in national maize production volume, albeit accompanied by a probable decline in per capita availability. Policies aimed at controlling activities that generate high levels of air pollutants should be formulated to increase production capacities.