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Objectives: The present study evaluated the effects of blood contamination performed at different steps of bonding on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of multimode adhesives to dentin when using the self-etch approach. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five molars were randomly assigned to three adhesive groups comprising 25 specimens each: two multimode adhesives [Single Bond Universal (SBU) and All-Bond Universal (ABU)] and a conventional one-step self-etch adhesive [Clearfil S3 Bond Plus (CSBP)]. Each group was subdivided as follows: (1) uncontaminated (control): bonding application/light curing as a positivecontrol; (2) contamination-1 (cont-1): bonding application/light curing/blood contamination/dry as a negative control; (3) contamination-2 (cont-2): bonding application/light curing/blood contamination/rinse/dry; (4) contamination-3 (cont-3): bonding application/blood contamination/dry/bonding re-application/light curing; and (5) contamination-4 (cont-4): bonding application/blood contamination/rinse/ dry/bonding re-application/light curing. Dentin specimens were prepared for μTBS testing after the composite resin application. Data were analyzed with twoway ANOVA and post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). Results: μTBS values were similar in cont-3 groups, and ABU/cont-4 and corresponding control groups, but were significantly lower in the other groups than in their control groups (P < 0.05). Cont-1 groups showed the lowest μTBS values (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Neither decontamination method prevented the decrease in μTBS when contamination occurred after light curing. Drying the blood contaminants and reapplying the adhesive may regain the dentin adhesion when contamination occurs before light curing. Alternatively, rinsing and drying contaminants followed by adhesive reapplication may be effective depending on adhesive type.Keywords: Micro-tensile, novel adhesives, resin-based composites

Thermal glass tempering process is based on heating the glass in a furnace and suddenly cooling it down in a cooling unit. The quality of the glass obtained at the end largely depends on the heat transferred from the glass surface. In this study, the glass tempering process was conducted in a specially designed and manufactured glass tempering unit prototype, and the change in the local number of broken glass particles was examined based on the local heat transfer rate. A 6-mm-thick flat glass in 170 x 170 mm dimensions was used in the study. Two single nozzles, 13 mm in diameter and 300 mm in length that were placed against each other were used for the cooling process. The distance between the nozzle and the glass plate surface was taken as 1

In this study, an auto glass tempering process was conducted in different cooling unit configurations and cooling temperatures, and the changes in the sudden cooling time and the number of broken glass particles of the tempered glass plates were examined. Six-millimeter-thick glass plates were heated up to T-h = 680 degrees C and then suddenly cooled at four different cooling temperatures (T-c = 70, 250, 300, and 400 degrees C). In the sudden cooling process, the rate of the distance between nozzle axes to nozzle diameter (S/D) was taken as 4

Heating and sudden cooling are among the most important processes affecting temper quality in the production period of tempered auto glass. In this study, heat transfer characteristics and cooling times during the sudden cooling process of tempered glass production have been experimentally investigated. Flat glass with dimensions of 50x50x4 mm has been heated up to 680 degrees C in the furnace and was then exposed to sudden cooling process until its surface temperature dropped to 70 degrees C. In the cooling process two mutually placed 8 cm long air jet nozzles with an internal diameter of 8 mm have been used. Experiments have been conducted for Reynolds numbers in the range of (20000

WOS: 000174005900008, An alternative sample preparation method has been developed for destructive analysis of magmatic rock sample. The method simply included the crushing, HF treatment and 1% HCl leaching steps of the rock samples under ultrasonic effects. There is no need to exhaust all of the sample through the operation. A reproducible and representative, partial recovery of an analyte was expected in a procedural sequences consisting of strictly defined steps. The changes in analyte recoveries were investigated by sample grain size, sample mass, applied ultrasonic power and sonication time. The optimum recovery conditions were examined. In addition, the kinetics of the dissolution under ultrasonic effects were studied. It was observed that the process followed second order kinetics. The accuracy of the ultrasonic leaching method (C(ULM)) was tested by application on standard reference material (SRM) and a recovery rate was defined as K(1) = C(ULM)/C(SRM). Another recovery rate, K(2), was also defined according to the result of the conventional dissolution method (CDM), that is, K(2)= C(ULM)/C(CDM). The accuracy and the precision of the method are comparable with those of the conventional methods; 91.3% < K(1,Mn)

The pear (Pyrus communis L.) is a fruit species grown in many temperate regions of the world. Turkey harbours a rich and ancient pear germplasm adapted to diverse ecological regions of the country. The aim of this study was to genetically characterise locally grown Anatolian pear germplasm. We have analysed large numbers (228) of pear accessions originated from six eco-geographically diverse regions using 18 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and identified 308 SSR alleles. Genetic similarities among the accessions examined were generally below 80%. The highest heterozygosity rate was obtained for the SSR locus 'CH02D11' derived from apples and 'KA16' and 'NH0021a' derived from pears. No identical or synonymous genotypes were found, while five homonymous genotypes were identified. Factorial correspondence analysis could not clearly separate different pear accession groups studied, suggesting that Anatolian pear accessions were intermixed possibly due to gene flow and/or germplasm movements between different eco-geographical regions. However, most pear accessions were grouped according to their collection sites in structure analyses. The SSR data reported here for Anatolian pear accessions will be valuable for future germplasm management efforts as well as for comparative studies that investigate genetic relationships of pears from Anatolia and the surrounding regions.

In terms of tempering quality, controlling and applying of heating and rapid cooling processes are very important in the glass tempering process. In this study, auto glass tempering process was implemented in the prototype glass tempering unit which was designed specifically, exchange of cooling time and particle number was investigated according to heating and cooling temperatures. Without going out of standards, it was aimed to determine the tempering conditions which are needed to keep the energy consumption at minimum in glass tempering process. Glasses that were heated to three different average surface temperatures (T-h=620, 650 and 680 degrees C) were rapidly cooled to four different average surface temperatures (T-c=70, 250, 300 and 400 degrees C). The distance between the nozzle and the glass surface is H, the distance between the nozzle axes is S. It was considered 2

A multi-elements pre-concentration method was proposed for determination of Cu, Ni, Co, Mn, Pb, Zn and Cr from leaching solutions by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). It has been investigated the enrichment performance of the three complexing reagents i.e., [8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ), dithizone (DT) and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaDDTC)] on Amberlite XAD-4 resin of the mentioned elements which are at or below the detection limits in FAAS. The aliquots of (5 or 10 g) fly ash were leached with 500 or 1000 mL chelating solutions at optimum pHs (8 for 8-HQ and DT and 4 for NaDDTC) for 15 min under magnetic stirring conditions. Then the leachates were passed through preconcentration column and eluted the elements 15 mL 1.0 M HNO3 in water:water (1:2) and determined the elements by FAAS. The satisfactory recoveries had been obtained from the multi-element pre-concentration studies with dithizone on Amberlite XAD-4. The recoveries Pb, Co and Zn were higher than 90 %, while acceptable for other elements (82, 77 and 72 % for Cu, Ni and Mn, respectively) except Cr (46 %) with acceptable precisions [RSD under 10 % (N = 5)]., Bingol, D.; Department of Chemistry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; email: denizbingol1@gmail.com

Butanol is one of the fuel which is seen as alternative to petroleum based on fuels in internal combustion engines. Butanol, can be produced via fermentation from biomass (biobutanol) and it can be used as pure or mixed with gasoline in specific ratios in spark ignition engines without a significant change. In this study, the effects on the performance and exhaust emissions of n-butanol addition 10% and 20% by volume into the gasoline, on single-cylinder spark ignition engine was investigated at engine speed 2400 1/min and engine load 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. According to the results obtained from the study, n-butanol addition to gasoline increases brake specific fuel consumption, CO2, NOx emissions, and exhaust gas temperature and reduces CO and HC emissions. Moreover, the result of adding n-butanol inside of gasoline does not cause phase seperation and any negativeness is seen while using in engine. Therefore it can be signified that n-butonal can be used as additive for reducing fosil based fuel emission.

Impinging air jets due to their high heat and mass transfer capacity are widely used for heating, cooling and drying applications in nowadays industry. This study aims to investigate auto glass tempering project. Heat transfer characteristics of heated glass plates during their cooling with mutually placed circular air jets have been experimentally investigated. 4 mm thick glass samples were used in the experiments. Cooling process has been performed with 16 mutually placed nozzles of 8 mm in diameter and 80 mm in length in staggered arrangement. Nozzles were made of seamless aluminum pipes. Experiments have been conducted for dimensionless jet to plate distances (H/D) between 1 and 10, and S/D ratios which represents dimensionless distance between nozzle axis, for 2

In this study, determining the factors acting to the satisfaction levels of workers (interior customer) about the director behavior and the job working in Automotive Authorized Services (AAS) is aimed. 302 interior customers working at 70 authorized services in Denizli, Aydin and Izmir cities are the working group. survey method is used in the research. Evaluations are made on frequency (f), mean ((X) over bar) and standard deviation (S) during evaluating the findings obtained from the answers of the questionnaire. In addition, one way variance analysis (ANOVA) is used to determine whether there is a difference in the evaluation according to education level variable of participants or not and Tukey-HSD test is used to determine in which groups the possible differences exist. The meaningfulness level is taken as p

This study aims to determine the satisfaction levels of employees considered the internal customers in respect of the total quality management approach and the factors affecting the satisfaction levels. It can be stated that determination of the factors affecting the internal customer satisfaction can be provided to increase the services quality and to make better use from employees' performance. In the research, the screening method was used and study group is consisted of 550 internal customers working in the authorized services in randomly selected provinces. The findings obtained via answering of the survey questions were evaluated according to frequency, mean and standard deviation. In the study, according to hierarchical differences (Master/Forman-Sub-administrator) between employees in automotive authorized services (AAS), independent groups t-test analysis related to differences of assessments has been used. And, one-way analysis (ANOVA) was used to determine if there were differences according to variables of "educational status" and "working hours" in the evaluations, and, Tukey-HSD test was used in order to determine which groups the possible differences of the groups were between. The significance level was considered as p < 0.05 in testing the differences between the groups. At the result of the study done, the satisfaction levels of the internal customers are seen to be high. It can be stated that internal customers' sense of dismissing is low, employers and employee mutual love and respect for each other, and, this situation creates an effect which increases the internal customers' sense of belonging to the workplace. The satisfaction levels of internal customers in AAS are seen at the "medium" level according to their fee and social rights.