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3. Author Correction: Genetic Factors and Genotype-Environment Interactions Contribute to Variation in Melanin Production in the Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans (Scientific Reports, (2018), 8, 1, (9824), 10.1038/s41598-018-27813-3)

Author

Samarasinghe, H. Aceituno-Caicedo, D. Cogliati, M. Kwon-Chung, K.J. Rickerts, V. Velegraki, A. Akcaglar, S. Xu, J.

Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. © 2021, The Author(s).

Published
2021

5. Genotypes and population genetics of cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii species complexes in Europe and the mediterranean area

Author

Cogliati, M. Desnos-Ollivier, M. McCormick-Smith, I. Rickerts, V. Ferreira-Paim, K. Meyer, W. Boekhout, T. Hagen, F. Theelen, B. Inácio, J. Alonso, B. Colom, M.F. Trilles, L. Montagna, M.T. De Donno, A. Susever, S. Ergin, C. Velegraki, A. Ellabib, M.S. Nardoni, S. Macci, C. Trovato, L. Dipineto, L. Akcaglar, S. Mlinaric-Missoni, E. Bertout, S. Vencá, A.C.F. Sampaio, A.C. Criseo, G. Ranque, S. Çerikçioğlu, N. Marchese, A. Vezzulli, L. Ilkit, M. Pasquale, V. Polacheck, I. Lockhart, S.R.

Abstract

A total of 476 European isolates (310 Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii, 150 C. neoformans var. neoformans, and 16 C. gattii species complex) from both clinical and environmental sources were analyzed by multi-locus sequence typing. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses were performed. Sequence analysis identified 74 sequence types among C. neoformans var. neoformans (VNIV), 65 among C. neoformans var. grubii (56 VNI, 8 VNII, 1 VNB), and 5 among the C. gattii species complex (4 VGI and 1 VGIV) isolates. ST23 was the most frequent genotype (22%) among VNI isolates which were mostly grouped in a large clonal cluster including 50% of isolates. Among VNIV isolates, a predominant genotype was not identified. A high percentage of autochthonous STs were identified in both VNI (71%) and VNIV (96%) group of isolates. The 16 European C. gattii species complex isolates analyzed in the present study originated all from the environment and all belonged to a large cluster endemic in the Mediterranean area. Population genetic analysis confirmed that VNI group of isolates were characterized by low variability and clonal expansion while VNIV by a higher variability and a number of recombination events. However, when VNI and VNIV environmental isolates were compared, they showed a similar population structure with a high percentage of shared mutations and the absence of fixed mutations. Also linkage disequilibrium analysis reveals differences between clinical and environmental isolates showing a key role of PLB1 allele combinations in host infection as well as the key role of LAC1 allele combinations for survival of the fungus in the environment. The present study shows that genetic comparison of clinical and environmental isolates represents a first step to understand the genetic characteristics that cause the shift of some genotypes from a saprophytic to a parasitic life style. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Published
2019

6. Genotypes and population genetics of cryptococcus neoformans and

Author

Cogliati, M, Desnos-Ollivier, M, McCormick-Smith, I, Rickerts, V, Ferreira-Paim, K, Meyer, W, Boekhout, T, Hagen, F, Theelen, B, Inacio, J, Alonso, B, Colom, MF, Trilles, L, Montagna, MT, De Donno, A, Susever, S, Ergin, C, Velegraki, A, Ellabib, MS, Nardoni, S, Macci, C, Trovato, L, Dipineto, L, Akcaglar, S, Mlinaric-Missoni, E, Bertout, S, Venca, ACF, Sampaio, AC, Criseoa, G, Ranque, S, Cerikcioglu, N, Marchese, A, Vezzulli, L, Ilkit, M, Pasquale, V, Polacheck, I, and Lockhart, SR

Subjects
Europe, Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus gattii, MLST, Population genetics
Abstract

A total of 476 European isolates (310 Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii, 150 C. neoformans var. neoformans, and 16 C. gattii species complex) from both clinical and environmental sources were analyzed by multi-locus sequence typing. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses were performed. Sequence analysis identified 74 sequence types among C. neoformans var. neoformans (VNIV), 65 among C. neoformans var. grubii (56 VNI, 8 VNII, 1 VNB), and 5 among the C. gattii species complex (4 VGI and 1 VGIV) isolates. ST23 was the most frequent genotype (22%) among VNI isolates which were mostly grouped in a large clonal cluster including 50% of isolates. Among VNIV isolates, a predominant genotype was not identified. A high percentage of autochthonous STs were identified in both VNI (71%) and VNIV (96%) group of isolates. The 16 European C. gattii species complex isolates analyzed in the present study originated all from the environment and all belonged to a large cluster endemic in the Mediterranean area. Population genetic analysis confirmed that VNI group of isolates were characterized by low variability and clonal expansion while VNIV by a higher variability and a number of recombination events. However, when VNI and VNIV environmental isolates were compared, they showed a similar population structure with a high percentage of shared mutations and the absence of fixed mutations. Also linkage disequilibrium analysis reveals differences between clinical and environmental isolates showing a key role of PLB1 allele combinations in host infection as well as the key role of LAC1 allele combinations for survival of the fungus in the environment. The present study shows that genetic comparison of clinical and environmental isolates represents a first step to understand the genetic characteristics that cause the shift of some genotypes from a saprophytic to a parasitic life style. C1 [Cogliati, Massimo] Univ Milan, Dip Sci Biomed Sallee, Via Pascal 36, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Desnos-Ollivier, Marie] CNRS, UMR2000, Natl Reference Ctr Invas Mycoses & Antifungal, Inst Pasteur,Mol Mycol Unit, Paris, France. [McCormick-Smith, Ilka; Rickerts, Volker] Robert Koch Inst, Berlin, Germany. [Ferreira-Paim, Kennio; Meyer, Wieland] Univ Sydney, Marie Bashier Inst Emerging Infect Dis & Biosecur, Westmead Inst Med Res,Sydney Med Sch,Westmead Cli, Mol Mycol Res Lab,Ctr Infect Dis,Fac Med & Hlth,W, Westmead, NSW, Australia. [Ferreira-Paim, Kennio] Univ Fed Triangulo Mineiro, Dept Microbiol, Uberaba, MG, Brazil. [Boekhout, Teun; Hagen, Ferry; Theelen, Bart] Westerdijk Fungal Biodivers Inst, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Boekhout, Teun] Univ Amsterdam, IBED, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Inacio, Joao; Alonso, Beatriz] Univ Brighton, Sch Pharm & Biomol Sci, Brighton, E Sussex, England. [Alonso, Beatriz] Hosp Gegorio Maranon, Inst Invest Sanitaria Gregorio Maranon IisGM, Madrid, Spain. [Colom, Maria F.] Univ Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain. [Trilles, Luciana] Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Montagna, Maria Teresa] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy. [De Donno, Antonella] Univ Salento, DiSTeBA, Lecce, Italy. [Susever, Serdar] Cyprus Near East Univ, Nicosia, Cyprus. [Ergin, Cagri] Pamukkale Univ, Denizli, Turkey. [Velegraki, Aristea] Univ Athens, Med Sch, Athens, Greece. [Ellabib, Mohamed S.] Univ Tripoli, Med Coll, Tripoli, Libya. [Nardoni, Simona] Univ Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Macci, Cristina] CNR, Res Inst Terr Ecosystems IRET, Pisa, Italy. [Trovato, Laura] Univ Catania, Catania, Italy. [Dipineto, Ludovico] Univ Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy. [Akcaglar, Sevim] Uludag Univ, Sch Med, Bursa, Turkey. [Mlinaric-Missoni, Emilija] Croatian Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Zagreb, Croatia. [Bertout, Sebastien] Univ Montpellier, Unite Mixte Int Rech Translat Infect VIH & Malad, Montpellier, France. [Venca, Ana C. F.] Inst Higiene & Med Trop, Lisbon, Portugal. [Sampaio, Ana C.] Univ Tras os Montes & Alto Douro, CITAB, Quinta Prados, Vila Real, Portugal. [Criseoa, Giuseppe] Univ Messina, Dept Chem Biol Pharmaceut & Environm Sci, Messina, Italy. [Ranque, Stephane] Aix Marseille Univ, IHU Mediterranee Infect, AP HM, IRD,SSA,VITROME, Marseille, France. [Cerikcioglu, Nilgun] Marmara Univ, Sch Med, Istanbul, Turkey. [Marchese, Anna] Univ Genoa, IRCCS Policlin San Martino Genova, Sez Microbiol DISC, Genoa, Italy. [Vezzulli, Luigi] Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Sci Terra Ambiente & Vita DISTAV, Genoa, Italy. [Ilkit, Macit] Univ Cukurova Saricam, Adana, Turkey. [Pasquale, Vincenzo] Univ Napoli Parthenope, Naples, Italy. [Polacheck, Itzhack] Hadassah Hebrew Univ, Med Ctr, Jerusalem, Israel. [Lockhart, Shawn R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.

Published
2019

8. Corrigendum: Environmental distribution of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii around the Mediterranean basin [FEMS, (2016), 16, 4] doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsyr/fow045

Author

Cogliati M., D'Amicis R., Zani A., Montagna M. T., Caggiano G., De Giglio O., Balbino S., De Donno A., Serio F., Susever S., Ergin C., Velegraki A., Ellabib M. S., Nardoni S., Macci C., Oliveri S., Trovato L., Dipineto L., Rickerts V., McCormick-Smith I., Akcaglar S., Tore O., Mlinaric-Missoni E., Bertout S., Mallie M., Martins M. L., Venca A. C. F., Vieira M. L., Sampaio A. C., Pereira C., Criseo G., Romeo O., Ranque S., Al-Yasiri M. H. Y., Kaya M., Cerikcioglu N., Marchese A., Vezzulli L., Ilkit M., Desnos-Ollivier M., Pasquale V., Korem M., Polacheck I., Scopa A., Meyer W., Ferreira-Paim K., Hagen F., Theelen B., Boekhout T., Lockhart S. R., Tintelnot K., Tortorano A. M., Dromer F., Varma A., Kwon-Chung K. J., Inacio J., Alonso B., Colom M. F., Cogliati, M., D'Amicis, R., Zani, A., Montagna, M. T., Caggiano, G., De Giglio, O., Balbino, S., De Donno, A., Serio, F., Susever, S., Ergin, C., Velegraki, A., Ellabib, M. S., Nardoni, S., Macci, C., Oliveri, S., Trovato, L., Dipineto, L., Rickerts, V., McCormick-Smith, I., Akcaglar, S., Tore, O., Mlinaric-Missoni, E., Bertout, S., Mallie, M., Martins, M. L., Venca, A. C. F., Vieira, M. L., Sampaio, A. C., Pereira, C., Criseo, G., Romeo, O., Ranque, S., Al-Yasiri, M. H. Y., Kaya, M., Cerikcioglu, N., Marchese, A., Vezzulli, L., Ilkit, M., Desnos-Ollivier, M., Pasquale, V., Korem, M., Polacheck, I., Scopa, A., Meyer, W., Ferreira-Paim, K., Hagen, F., Theelen, B., Boekhout, T., Lockhart, S. R., Tintelnot, K., Tortorano, A. M., Dromer, F., Varma, A., Kwon-Chung, K. J., Inacio, J., Alonso, B., and Colom, M. F.

Abstract

The original article published in FEMS Yeast Research Vol. 16. Iss. 4; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsyr/fow045 This paper has been updated to correct a spelling error concerning an author name. It previously showed as Giuseppe Griseo, however the correct spelling is Giuseppe Criseo.

Published
2016

9. Fundamental niche prediction of the pathogenic yeasts Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Europe

Author

Cogliati, M. Puccianti, E. Montagna, M.T. De Donno, A. Susever, S. Ergin, C. Velegraki, A. Ellabib, M.S. Nardoni, S. Macci, C. Trovato, L. Dipineto, L. Rickerts, V. Akcaglar, S. Mlinaric-Missoni, E. Bertout, S. Vencà, A.C.F. Sampaio, A.C. Criseo, G. Ranque, S. Çerikçioğlu, N. Marchese, A. Vezzulli, L. Ilkit, M. Desnos-Ollivier, M. Pasquale, V. Polacheck, I. Scopa, A. Meyer, W. Ferreira-Paim, K. Hagen, F. Boekhout, T. Dromer, F. Varma, A. Kwon-Chung, K.J. Inácio, J. Colom, M.F.

Subjects
parasitic diseases, bacterial infections and mycoses
Abstract

Fundamental niche prediction of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Europe is an important tool to understand where these pathogenic yeasts have a high probability to survive in the environment and therefore to identify the areas with high risk of infection. In this study, occurrence data for C. neoformans and C. gattii were compared by MaxEnt software with several bioclimatic conditions as well as with soil characteristics and land use. The results showed that C. gattii distribution can be predicted with high probability along the Mediterranean coast. The analysis of variables showed that its distribution is limited by low temperatures during the coldest season, and by heavy precipitations in the driest season. C. neoformans var. grubii is able to colonize the same areas of C. gattii but is more tolerant to cold winter temperatures and summer precipitations. In contrast, the C. neoformans var. neoformans map was completely different. The best conditions for its survival were displayed in sub-continental areas and not along the Mediterranean coasts. In conclusion, we produced for the first time detailed prediction maps of the species and varieties of the C. neoformans and C. gattii species complex in Europe and Mediterranean area. © 2017 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Published
2017

10. Fundamental niche prediction of the pathogenic yeasts Cryptococcus

Author

Cogliati, M, Puccianti, E, Montagna, MT, De Donno, A, Susever, S, Ergin, C, Velegraki, A, Ellabib, MS, Nardoni, S, Macci, C, Trovato, L, Dipineto, L, Rickerts, V, Akcaglar, S, Mlinaric-Missoni, E, Bertout, S, Venca, ACF, Sampaio, AC, Criseo, G, Ranque, S, Cerikcioglu, N, Marchese, A, Vezzulli, L, Ilkit, M, Desnos-Ollivier, M, Pasquale, V, Polacheck, I, Scopa, A, Meyer, W, Ferreira-Paim, K, Hagen, F, Boekhout, T, Dromer, F, Varma, A, Kwon-Chung, KJ, Inacio, J, and Colom, MF

Subjects
parasitic diseases, bacterial infections and mycoses
Abstract

Fundamental niche prediction of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Europe is an important tool to understand where these pathogenic yeasts have a high probability to survive in the environment and therefore to identify the areas with high risk of infection. In this study, occurrence data for C. neoformans and C. gattii were compared by MaxEnt software with several bioclimatic conditions as well as with soil characteristics and land use. The results showed that C. gattii distribution can be predicted with high probability along the Mediterranean coast. The analysis of variables showed that its distribution is limited by low temperatures during the coldest season, and by heavy precipitations in the driest season. C. neoformans var. grubii is able to colonize the same areas of C. gattii but is more tolerant to cold winter temperatures and summer precipitations. In contrast, the C. neoformans var. neoformans map was completely different. The best conditions for its survival were displayed in sub-continental areas and not along the Mediterranean coasts. In conclusion, we produced for the first time detailed prediction maps of the species and varieties of the C. neoformans and C. gattii species complex in Europe and Mediterranean area.

Published
2017

11. Multilocus sequence typing analysis reveals that Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans is a recombinant population

Author

Cogliati, M. Zani, A. Rickerts, V. McCormick, I. Desnos-Ollivier, M. Velegraki, A. Escandon, P. Ichikawa, T. Ikeda, R. Bienvenue, A.-L. Tintelnot, K. Tore, O. Akcaglar, S. Lockhart, S. Tortorano, A.M. Varma, A.

Abstract

Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (serotype D) represents about 30% of the clinical isolates in Europe and is present less frequently in the other continents. It is the prevalent etiological agent in primary cutaneous cryptococcosis as well as in cryptococcal skin lesions of disseminated cryptococcosis. Very little is known about the genotypic diversity of this Cryptococcus subtype. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotypic diversity among a set of clinical and environmental C. neoformans var. neoformans isolates and to evaluate the relationship between genotypes, geographical origin and clinical manifestations. A total of 83 globally collected C. neoformans var. neoformans isolates from Italy, Germany, France, Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Turkey, Thailand, Japan, Colombia, and the USA, recovered from different sources (primary and secondary cutaneous cryptococcosis, disseminated cryptococcosis, the environment, and animals), were included in the study. All isolates were confirmed to belong to genotype VNIV by molecular typing and they were further investigated by MLST analysis. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic as well as network analysis strongly suggested the existence of a recombinant rather than a clonal population structure. Geographical origin and source of isolation were not correlated with a specific MLST genotype. The comparison with a set of outgroup C. neoformans var. grubii isolates provided clear evidence that the two varieties have different population structures. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.

Published
2016

12. Environmental distribution of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii around the Mediterranean basin

Author

Cogliati M, D'Amicis R, Zani A, Montagna MT, Caggiano G, De Giglio O, Balbino S, De Donno A, Serio F, Susever S, Ergin C, Velegraki A, Ellabib MS, Nardoni S, Macci C, Oliveri S, Trovato L, Dipineto L, Rickerts V, McCormick-Smith I, Akcaglar S, Tore O, Mlinaric-Missoni E, Bertout S, Mallié M, Martins MD, Vencà AC, Vieira ML, Sampaio AC, Pereira C, Criseo G, Romeo O, Ranque S, Al-Yasiri MH, Kaya M, Cerikcioglu N, Marchese A, Vezzulli L, Ilkit M, Desnos-Ollivier M, Pasquale V, Korem M, and Polacheck I

Subjects
Cryptococcus gattii/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification, Cryptococcus neoformans/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification, Environmental Microbiology, Genotype, Mediterranean Region, Molecular Typing, Mycological Typing Techniques, Trees/*microbiology
Abstract

In order to elucidate the distribution of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii in the Mediterranean basin, an extensive environmental survey was carried out during 2012-2015. A total of 302 sites located in 12 countries were sampled, 6436 samples from 3765 trees were collected and 5% of trees were found to be colonized by cryptococcal yeasts. Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from 177 trees and C. gattii from 13. Cryptococcus neoformans colonized 27% of Ceratonia, 10% of Olea, Platanus and Prunus trees and a lower percentage of other tree genera. The 13 C. gattii isolates were collected from five Eucalyptus, four Ceratonia, two Pinus and two Olea trees. Cryptococcus neoformans was distributed all around the Mediterranean basin, whereas C. gattii was isolated in Greece, Southern Italy and Spain, in agreement with previous findings from both clinical and environmental sources. Among C. neoformans isolates, VNI was the prevalent molecular type but VNII, VNIV and VNIII hybrid strains were also isolated. With the exception of a single VGIV isolate, all C. gattii isolates were VGI. The results confirmed the presence of both Cryptococcus species in the Mediterranean environment, and showed that both carob and olive trees represent an important niche for these yeasts.

Published
2016

13. Environmental distribution of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii around the Mediterranean basin

Author

Cogliati, M, D'Amicis, R, Zani, A, Montagna, Mt, Caggiano, G, De Giglio, O, Balbino, S, De Donno, A, Serio, F, Susever, S, Ergin, C, Velegraki, A, Ellabib, Ms, Nardoni, S, Macci, C, Oliveri, Salvatore, Trovato, L, Dipineto, L, Rickerts, V, McCormick Smith, I, Akcaglar, S, Tore, O, Mlinaric Missoni, E, Bertout, S, Mallié, M, Martins, Md, Vencà, Ac, Vieira, Ml, Sampaio, Ac, Pereira, C, Griseo, G, Romeo, O, Ranque, S, Al Yasiri MH, Kaya, M, Cerikcioglu, N, Marchese, A, Vezzulli, L, Ilkit, M, Desnos Ollivier, M, Pasquale, V, Korem, M, Polacheck, I, Scopa, A, Meyer, W, Ferreira Paim, K, Hagen, F, Theelen, B, Boekhout, T, Lockhart, Sr, Tintelnot, K, Tortorano, Am, Dromer, F, Varma, A, Kwon Chung KJ, Inácio, J, Alonso, B, and Colom, M. F.

Published
2016

14. Environmental survey of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii in European and Mediterranean area

Author

Cogliati, M., Colom, M. F., Hagen, F., Boekhout, T., Ilkit, M. M., Velegraki, A., Lockhart, S. R., Montagna, M. T., Tintelnot, K., Rickerts, V., Kwon-chung, K. J., Akcaglar, S., Tore, O., Oliveri, S., Trovato, L. C., Susever, S., Ergin, C., Mitchell, T. G., Marchese, A., Vezzulli, L., Kaya, M., Cerikcioglu, N., Korem, M., Polacheck, I., De Donno, A., Ranque, S., Criseo, G., Tortorano, A. M., D’Amicis, R., Bertout, S., Maillé, M., Dipineto, L., Pasquale, V., Dromer, F., Desnosollivier, M., Nardoni, S., Macci, C. P., Scopa, A., Trilles, L., Meyer, W., Firacative, C., Ellabib, M. S., Kronstad, J., and Bartlett, K. H. Mlinaric-missoni E.

Published
2014

15. Multiple intracranial abscesses due to Cryptococcus neoformans: an unusual clinical feature in an immunocompetent patient and a short review of reported cases

Author

Tore, O., Akcaglar, S., Kazak, E., Heper, Y., Akalin, H., Hakyemez, B., Ener, B., Boekhout, T., Hagen, F., Tore, O., Akcaglar, S., Kazak, E., Heper, Y., Akalin, H., Hakyemez, B., Ener, B., Boekhout, T., and Hagen, F.

Abstract

We present a case of multiple intracranial abscesses caused by Cryptococcus neoformans in a patient who presented with no symptoms of immunodeficiency., We present a case of multiple intracranial abscesses caused by Cryptococcus neoformans in a patient who presented with no symptoms of immunodeficiency.

Published
2010

20. Corrigendum: Environmental distribution of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii around the Mediterranean basin [FEMS, (2016), 16, 4] doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsyr/fow045

Author

Cogliati, M. D'Amicis, R. Zani, A. Montagna, M.T. Caggiano, G. De Giglio, O. Balbino, S. De Donno, A. Serio, F. Susever, S. Ergin, C. Velegraki, A. Ellabib, M.S. Nardoni, S. Macci, C. Oliveri, S. Trovato, L. Dipineto, L. Rickerts, V. McCormick-Smith, I. Akcaglar, S. Tore, O. Mlinaric-Missoni, E. Bertout, S. Mallié, M. Martins, M.L. Vencà, A.C.F. Vieira, M.L. Sampaio, A.C. Pereira, C. Criseo, G. Romeo, O. Ranque, S. Al-Yasiri, M.H.Y. Kaya, M. Cerikcioglu, N. Marchese, A. Vezzulli, L. Ilkit, M. Desnos-Ollivier, M. Pasquale, V. Korem, M. Polacheck, I. Scopa, A. Meyer, W. Ferreira-Paim, K. Hagen, F. Theelen, B. Boekhout, T. Lockhart, S.R. Tintelnot, K. Tortorano, A.M. Dromer, F. Varma, A. Kwon-Chung, K.J. Inácio, J. Alonso, B. Colom, M.F.

Abstract

The original article published in FEMS Yeast Research Vol. 16. Iss. 4; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsyr/fow045 This paper has been updated to correct a spelling error concerning an author name. It previously showed as Giuseppe Griseo, however the correct spelling is Giuseppe Criseo. © FEMS 2016. All rights reserved.

22. Genotypes and population genetics of cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii species complexes in Europe and the mediterranean area.

Author

Cogliati M, Desnos-Ollivier M, McCormick-Smith I, Rickerts V, Ferreira-Paim K, Meyer W, Boekhout T, Hagen F, Theelen B, Inácio J, Alonso B, Colom MF, Trilles L, Montagna MT, De Donno A, Susever S, Ergin C, Velegraki A, Ellabib MS, Nardoni S, Macci C, Trovato L, Dipineto L, Akcaglar S, Mlinaric-Missoni E, Bertout S, Vencá ACF, Sampaio AC, Criseo G, Ranque S, Çerikçioğlu N, Marchese A, Vezzulli L, Ilkit M, Pasquale V, Polacheck I, and Lockhart SR

Subjects
Animals, Environmental Microbiology, Europe, Genetics, Population, Humans, Mediterranean Region, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Mycological Typing Techniques, Cryptococcus gattii genetics, Cryptococcus neoformans genetics, Genotype, Phylogeny
Abstract

A total of 476 European isolates (310 Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii, 150 C. neoformans var. neoformans, and 16 C. gattii species complex) from both clinical and environmental sources were analyzed by multi-locus sequence typing. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses were performed. Sequence analysis identified 74 sequence types among C. neoformans var. neoformans (VNIV), 65 among C. neoformans var. grubii (56 VNI, 8 VNII, 1 VNB), and 5 among the C. gattii species complex (4 VGI and 1 VGIV) isolates. ST23 was the most frequent genotype (22%) among VNI isolates which were mostly grouped in a large clonal cluster including 50% of isolates. Among VNIV isolates, a predominant genotype was not identified. A high percentage of autochthonous STs were identified in both VNI (71%) and VNIV (96%) group of isolates. The 16 European C. gattii species complex isolates analyzed in the present study originated all from the environment and all belonged to a large cluster endemic in the Mediterranean area. Population genetic analysis confirmed that VNI group of isolates were characterized by low variability and clonal expansion while VNIV by a higher variability and a number of recombination events. However, when VNI and VNIV environmental isolates were compared, they showed a similar population structure with a high percentage of shared mutations and the absence of fixed mutations. Also linkage disequilibrium analysis reveals differences between clinical and environmental isolates showing a key role of PLB1 allele combinations in host infection as well as the key role of LAC1 allele combinations for survival of the fungus in the environment. The present study shows that genetic comparison of clinical and environmental isolates represents a first step to understand the genetic characteristics that cause the shift of some genotypes from a saprophytic to a parasitic life style., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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23. Fundamental niche prediction of the pathogenic yeasts Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Europe.

Author

Cogliati M, Puccianti E, Montagna MT, De Donno A, Susever S, Ergin C, Velegraki A, Ellabib MS, Nardoni S, Macci C, Trovato L, Dipineto L, Rickerts V, Akcaglar S, Mlinaric-Missoni E, Bertout S, Vencà ACF, Sampaio AC, Criseo G, Ranque S, Çerikçioğlu N, Marchese A, Vezzulli L, Ilkit M, Desnos-Ollivier M, Pasquale V, Polacheck I, Scopa A, Meyer W, Ferreira-Paim K, Hagen F, Boekhout T, Dromer F, Varma A, Kwon-Chung KJ, Inácio J, and Colom MF

Subjects
Cryptococcosis microbiology, Cryptococcus gattii metabolism, Cryptococcus neoformans metabolism, Europe, Mediterranean Region, Seasons, Soil chemistry, Weather, Cellular Microenvironment physiology, Cryptococcus gattii growth & development, Cryptococcus neoformans growth & development, Environmental Microbiology, Soil Microbiology
Abstract

Fundamental niche prediction of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Europe is an important tool to understand where these pathogenic yeasts have a high probability to survive in the environment and therefore to identify the areas with high risk of infection. In this study, occurrence data for C. neoformans and C. gattii were compared by MaxEnt software with several bioclimatic conditions as well as with soil characteristics and land use. The results showed that C. gattii distribution can be predicted with high probability along the Mediterranean coast. The analysis of variables showed that its distribution is limited by low temperatures during the coldest season, and by heavy precipitations in the driest season. C. neoformans var. grubii is able to colonize the same areas of C. gattii but is more tolerant to cold winter temperatures and summer precipitations. In contrast, the C. neoformans var. neoformans map was completely different. The best conditions for its survival were displayed in sub-continental areas and not along the Mediterranean coasts. In conclusion, we produced for the first time detailed prediction maps of the species and varieties of the C. neoformans and C. gattii species complex in Europe and Mediterranean area., (© 2017 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2017
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24. Multilocus sequence typing analysis reveals that Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans is a recombinant population.

Author

Cogliati M, Zani A, Rickerts V, McCormick I, Desnos-Ollivier M, Velegraki A, Escandon P, Ichikawa T, Ikeda R, Bienvenu AL, Tintelnot K, Tore O, Akcaglar S, Lockhart S, Tortorano AM, and Varma A

Subjects
Americas, Asia, Cryptococcus neoformans genetics, Cryptococcus neoformans isolation & purification, Europe, Phylogeography, Cryptococcosis microbiology, Cryptococcus neoformans classification, Genetic Variation, Genotype, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Mycological Typing Techniques, Recombination, Genetic
Abstract

Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (serotype D) represents about 30% of the clinical isolates in Europe and is present less frequently in the other continents. It is the prevalent etiological agent in primary cutaneous cryptococcosis as well as in cryptococcal skin lesions of disseminated cryptococcosis. Very little is known about the genotypic diversity of this Cryptococcus subtype. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotypic diversity among a set of clinical and environmental C. neoformans var. neoformans isolates and to evaluate the relationship between genotypes, geographical origin and clinical manifestations. A total of 83 globally collected C. neoformans var. neoformans isolates from Italy, Germany, France, Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Turkey, Thailand, Japan, Colombia, and the USA, recovered from different sources (primary and secondary cutaneous cryptococcosis, disseminated cryptococcosis, the environment, and animals), were included in the study. All isolates were confirmed to belong to genotype VNIV by molecular typing and they were further investigated by MLST analysis. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic as well as network analysis strongly suggested the existence of a recombinant rather than a clonal population structure. Geographical origin and source of isolation were not correlated with a specific MLST genotype. The comparison with a set of outgroup C. neoformans var. grubii isolates provided clear evidence that the two varieties have different population structures., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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25. Effects of Malassezia yeasts on serum Th1 and Th2 cytokines in patients with guttate psoriasis.

Author

Aydogan K, Tore O, Akcaglar S, Oral B, Ener B, Tunalı S, and Saricaoglu H

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Dermatomycoses pathology, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psoriasis pathology, Cytokines blood, Dermatomycoses blood, Malassezia isolation & purification, Psoriasis blood, Th1 Cells immunology, Th2 Cells immunology
Abstract

Background: Systemic and focal infections caused by microorganisms have been known to induce or exacerbate psoriasis. Although the role of yeast species of the genus Malassezia in the pathogenesis of psoriasis is not fully understood, it is thought that these lipophilic yeasts may represent a triggering factor in the exacerbation of psoriatic lesions., Objectives: This study investigated the effects of Malassezia yeasts on serum Th1 and Th2 cytokines in patients with guttate psoriasis (GP) in order to define their role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis., Methods: Fifty patients with GP and 29 clinically healthy individuals were included in the study. All samples consisted of scales and scrapings taken from the scalps, trunks, and upper limbs of both psoriasis patients and healthy subjects. Psoriasis patients and healthy subjects were grouped according to their positivity or negativity for Malassezia yeasts as ascertained by direct microscopy and/or culture. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure serum levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in these groups., Results: No significant differences in positivity for Malassezia yeasts were found between psoriatic skin and healthy skin in samples taken from different body sites. Serum interleukin-13 (IL-13) levels were significantly lower in the psoriasis group compared with the control group (P = 0.04). Levels of other cytokines did not differ significantly between the psoriasis and control groups. Mean levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13), but not of Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ), were significantly lower in psoriasis patients positive for Malassezia yeasts compared with those negative for Malassezia yeasts and control subjects (P = 0.04, P < 0.001 and P = 0.01, respectively)., Conclusions: The isolation of Malassezia yeasts from GP lesions does not necessarily mean that these species are pathogenic, but their downregulating effects on anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokines may contribute to the occurrence of GP., (© 2012 The International Society of Dermatology.)

Published
2013
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26. A comparative study of dermatophyte infections in Bursa, Turkey.

Author

Akcaglar S, Ener B, Toker SC, Ediz B, Tunali S, and Tore O

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Turkey epidemiology, Young Adult, Arthrodermataceae classification, Arthrodermataceae isolation & purification, Dermatomycoses epidemiology, Dermatomycoses microbiology
Abstract

A total of 555 specimens from 372 patients with symptoms compatible with superficial mycosis were included in this study. Those from patients clinically diagnosed as having dermatomycosis were thoroughly investigated by mycological examinations in the laboratory, including microscopic studies of KOH mounts and cultivation of the samples in culture. The results of this study and a previous study in our hospital conducted in 1980 were compared with respect to clinical presentation and etiological agents. Onychomycosis was the most common clinical form of dermatomycoses, and Trichophyton rubrum was the most common pathogen in this study., (© 2011 ISHAM)

Published
2011
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27. Multiple intracranial abscesses due to Cryptococcus neoformans: an unusual clinical feature in an immunocompetent patient and a short review of reported cases.

Author

Tore O, Akcaglar S, Kazak E, Heper Y, Akalin H, Hakyemez B, Ener B, Boekhout T, and Hagen F

Subjects
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Brain microbiology, Brain pathology, Cryptococcosis drug therapy, Cryptococcosis immunology, Cryptococcosis microbiology, Cryptococcus neoformans genetics, Empyema, Subdural drug therapy, Empyema, Subdural immunology, Fatal Outcome, Female, Humans, Immunocompetence, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Middle Aged, Cryptococcosis diagnosis, Cryptococcus neoformans isolation & purification, Empyema, Subdural microbiology
Abstract

We present a case of multiple intracranial abscesses caused by Cryptococcus neoformans in a patient who presented with no symptoms of immunodeficiency.

Published
2010
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28. Genetic evaluation of von Hippel-Lindau disease for early diagnosis and improved prognosis.

Author

Akcaglar S, Yavascaoglu I, Vuruskan H, and Oktay B

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Carcinoma, Renal Cell surgery, Female, Humans, Kidney Neoplasms surgery, Male, Middle Aged, Nephrectomy methods, Pedigree, Prognosis, Turkey, von Hippel-Lindau Disease diagnosis, Carcinoma, Renal Cell genetics, Kidney Neoplasms genetics, Mutation, von Hippel-Lindau Disease genetics
Abstract

von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) is a rare autosomal-dominant disorder in which affected individuals develop tumors in a number of locations. It occurs at a frequency of one per 36,000 population. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains the leading cause of mortality in patients with clear cell RCC arising from mutations in the VHL tumor suppressor. RCC is the presenting feature in only 10% of VHL patients. VHL patients can present with a number of other renal lesions, such as hemangiomas and benign adenomas, in addition to simple cysts and RCC. We have investigated VHL gene mutations in familial RCC. The study cohort consisted of four patients with synchronous VHL and RCC and 31 kindreds. Analysis of the chromosomes was performed by the Moorehead method. Although none of the kindreds investigated had clinical evidence of VHL disease, 22 were found to have a VHL gene mutation consisting of deletions on the short arm of chromosomes 3, 17, and 19. Detailed clinical examination of the 22 kindreds with a VHL mutation revealed cerebellar hemangioblastoma (three kindreds), meningioma (two) and renal cell carcinoma (five). No VHL gene mutation was detected in nine kindreds. The prevalence of VHL gene mutations was 70.9% in the familial RCC kindreds. As a result of this study, the kindreds of patients with synchronous VHL and RCC have undergone molecular genetic testing and should be investigated for associated disorders.

Published
2008
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