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Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased inflammation and a risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to assess the impact of exercise with ursolic acid (UA) on some protein levels in the brains of aged male Wistar rats with diet-induced Type 2. We investigated the effects of exercise with UA on protein levels in rats with type 2 diabetes. The rats were divided into seven groups and underwent different exercise or UA protocols. Results The results showed that type 2 diabetes led to increased levels of tau, IL-1β, TNF-α, and c-Jun, and decreased levels of IRS2 protein. Endurance training improved tau, Jun, and IRS2 levels. UA reduced increased levels of tau, IL-1β, TNF-α, and c-Jun, and increased IRS2 levels. Combining the supplement with training led to further improvements. Conclusions These findings suggest that combining training and UA partially reversed the inflammation in the Type 2 diabetes model. However, further research is needed to understand how UA consumption with or without training protocols can reduce the risk of AD in type 2 diabetes.

Abstract This study presents a comprehensive investigation into a 3D simulation of magnetorheological (MR) conical bearings, focusing on considering viscous dissipation using the conjugated heat transfer approach. The behavior of MR fluids is expressed through the utilization of the Bingham-Papanastasiou constitutive equation. Notably, this study considers variations in viscosity and yield stress as functions of both magnetic field intensity and temperature. The study utilizes a multidisciplinary approach, encompassing fluid dynamics, magnetism, and heat transfer, to model and analyze the behavior of MR fluids within conical bearing geometries. The governing equations containing Cauchy momentum, energy, and Maxwell equations are solved using the finite element method. This research delves into the impacts of viscous dissipation on the functional and characteristic attributes of conical bearings. The energy equations in solid and fluid domains and extended considerations to the plug region within viscous dissipation are specifically addressed. Extensive validation is performed through a comparative analysis involving experimental, numerical, and analytical studies to ensure the validity of results. The results reveal the substantial impact of temperature on both the characteristics and functionality of magnetorheological conical bearings.

Abstract Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is an uncommon monogenic type of diabetes mellitus. Detecting genetic variants for MODY is a necessity for precise diagnosis and treatment. The majority of MODY genetic predisposition has been documented in European populations and a lack of information is present in Iranians which leads to misdiagnosis as a consequence of defects in unknown variants. In this study, using genetic variant information of 20,002 participants from the family-based TCGS (Tehran Cardiometabolic Genetic Study) cohort, we evaluated the genetic spectrum of MODY in Iran. We concentrated on previously discovered MODY-causing genes. Genetic variants were evaluated for their pathogenicity. We discovered 6 variants that were previously reported in the ClinVar as pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) for MODY in 45 participants from 24 families (INS in 21 cases, GCK in 13, HNF1B in 8, HNF4A, HNF1A, and CEL in 1 case). One potential MODY variant with Uncertain Risk Allele in ClinVar classification was also identified, which showed complete disease penetrance (100%) in four subjects from one family. This is the first family-based study to define the genetic spectrum and estimate the prevalence of MODY in Iran. The discovered variants need to be investigated by additional studies.

Abstract Trial design This study is a pilot randomized clinical trial aimed to investigate the effect of using Hip Exoskeleton Assistive (HEXA) robot compared to conventional physiotherapy on the quality of walking, disability, and quality of life of stroke patients with hemiplegia. Methods In this study, 24 patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group (robotic physiotherapy with HEXA robot), or control group (conventional physiotherapy). In each session, both groups received 30 min of conventional physiotherapy including electrotherapy and conventional exercises, and then the intervention group did gait training for 30 min with the HEXA robot and the control group for 30 min without the HEXA robot. The treatment program was 12 sessions, 3 times a week. Before the 1st and after the 12th sessions, both groups were evaluated for walking quality, disability, and quality of life. Results The results showed that the main effect of time was significant (P

Abstract Background New-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, increasing the risk of embolism and stroke. There is a lack of information on the use of anticoagulants in this context. The choice between Warfarin and Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) also is not well-established. This randomized study aimed to compare the feasibility and safety of Warfarin and Rivaroxaban in preventing thrombotic events in POAF patients after isolated CABG. Methods A total of 66 patients were randomized parallelly with 1:1 allocation to receive either Rivaroxaban (n = 34) or Warfarin (n = 32). Major bleeding events within 30 days after discharge were the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included minor bleeding events and thrombotic episodes. Clinical characteristics, medication regimens, and left atrial diameter were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed using appropriate tests. Results No thrombotic episodes were observed in either treatment arm. No major bleeding events occurred in either group. Four minor bleeding events were reported, with no significant difference between the treatment groups (P = 0.6). Patients with atrial fibrillation had significantly larger left atrial diameters compared to those with normal sinus rhythm (40.5 vs. 37.8 mm, P = 0.01). Conclusions This pilot study suggests that Warfarin and Rivaroxaban are both safe and effective for preventing thrombotic episodes in POAF patients after isolated CABG. No significant differences in major bleeding events were observed between the two anticoagulants. These findings may support the preference for DOACs like Rivaroxaban due to their convenience and easier maintenance. Trial registration Number IRCT20200304046696N1, Date 18/03/2020 https//irct.behdasht.gov.ir/ .

Abstract Absolute qualifications with the application of protic ionic liquids (PILs) and a recognition of the numerous thermophysical features of these materials are required in various processes. Due to the wonderful applications of these compounds and their high potential in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, there is a particular eagerness to utilize these PILs in drug solubility and delivery area. The aim of this investigation was to explore the solubility of the acetaminophen (ACP) in three PILs base on ethanolamine laurate [(2-hydroxyethylammonium laurate [MEA]La), (bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium laurate [DEA]La), and ( tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium laurate [TEA]La)]. The shake flask method has been employed in this study, and the conditions were set at T = (298.15–313.15) K and atmospheric pressure. Moreover, the experimental solubility data was correlated using a variety of empirical and thermodynamic models, encompassing e-NRTL and Wilson activity coefficient models and the empirical models such as Van’t Hoff-Jouyban-Acree and Modified Apelblat-Jouyban-Acree. Their performance for the system containing [MEA]La follow the trend for activity coefficient models and empirical respectively: the Wilson > e-NRTL and Modified Apelblat–Jouyban–Acree > Van’t Hoff–Jouyban–Acree. On the other hand, [DEA]La and [TEA]La PILs followed slightly different trend for activity coefficient models and empirical respectively: the Wilson > e-NRTL and Van’t Hoff–uyban–Acree > Modified Apelblat–Jouyban–Acree. The Van’t Hoff and Gibbs equations were used to determine the thermodynamic properties of dissolution in the studied systems.

Objective: This study assessed the effects of Aloe verasupplementation on serum inflammatory factors, blood sugar andlipid profiles in hemodialysis patients.Materials and Methods: Totally, 50 hemodialysis patients wereallocated randomly to either Aloe vera or placebo groups. TheAloe vera group received 2 Aloe vera capsules daily for 8 weeks(500 mg/day). Serum C-reactive protein (hs- CRP), Fasting bloodglucose (FBS), and lipid profiles levels were evaluated at thebaseline and the end of the eighth week.Results: Aloe vera supplementation for 8 weeks was associatedwith a significant reduction of serum hs- CRP (p=0.004), totalcholesterol (p=0.01), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (p=0.02) levesand increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) (p=0.002)concentration in the hemodialysis patients.Conclusion: Aloe vera supplementation is beneficial inimprovement of cardiovascular risk factors in hemodialysispatients