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Background: The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030. Although no virological cure exists for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, existing therapies to control viral replication and prophylaxis to minimise mother-to-child transmission make elimination of HBV feasible. We aimed to estimate the national, regional, and global prevalence of HBsAg in the general population and in the population aged 5 years in 2016, as well as coverage of prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment. Methods: In this modelling study, we used a Delphi process that included a literature review in PubMed and Embase, followed by interviews with experts, to quantify the historical epidemiology of HBV infection. We then used a dynamic HBV transmission and progression model to estimate the country-level and regional-level prevalence of HBsAg in 2016 and the effect of prophylaxis and treatment on disease burden. Findings: We developed models for 120 countries, 78 of which were populated with data approved by experts. Using these models, we estimated that the global prevalence of HBsAg in 2016 was 3·9% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·4–4·6), corresponding to 291 992 000 (251 513 000–341 114 000) infections. Of these infections, around 29 million (10%) were diagnosed, and only 4·8 million (5%) of 94 million individuals eligible for treatment actually received antiviral therapy. Around 1·8 (1·6–2·2) million infections were in children aged 5 years, with a prevalence of 1·4% (1·2–1·6). We estimated that 87% of infants had received the three-dose HBV vaccination in the first year of life, 46% had received timely birth-dose vaccination, and 13% had received hepatitis B immunoglobulin along with the full vaccination regimen. Less than 1% of mothers with a high viral load had received antiviral therapy to reduce mother-to-child transmission. Interpretation: Our estimate of HBV prevalence in 2016 differs from previous studies, potentially because we took into account the effect of infant prophylaxis and early childhood vaccination, as well as changing prevalence over time. Although some regions are well on their way to meeting prophylaxis and prevalence targets, all regions must substantially scale-up access to diagnosis and treatment to meet the global targets. Funding: John C Martin Foundation. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

Background The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 2030, which can become a reality with the recent launch of direct acting antiviral therapies. Reliable disease burden estimates are required for national strategies. This analysis estimates the global prevalence of viraemic HCV at the end of 2015, an update of—and expansion on—the 2014 analysis, which reported 80 million (95% CI 64–103) viraemic infections in 2013. Methods We developed country-level disease burden models following a systematic review of HCV prevalence (number of studies, n=6754) and genotype (n=11 342) studies published after 2013. A Delphi process was used to gain country expert consensus and validate inputs. Published estimates alone were used for countries where expert panel meetings could not be scheduled. Global prevalence was estimated using regional averages for countries without data. Findings Models were built for 100 countries, 59 of which were approved by country experts, with the remaining 41 estimated using published data alone. The remaining countries had insufficient data to create a model. The global prevalence of viraemic HCV is estimated to be 1·0% (95% uncertainty interval 0·8–1·1) in 2015, corresponding to 71·1 million (62·5–79·4) viraemic infections. Genotypes 1 and 3 were the most common cause of infections (44% and 25%, respectively). Interpretation The global estimate of viraemic infections is lower than previous estimates, largely due to more recent (lower) prevalence estimates in Africa. Additionally, increased mortality due to liver-related causes and an ageing population may have contributed to a reduction in infections. Funding John C Martin Foundation. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Background/Aims: Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) comprises a multigene family of microsomal enzymes that metabolize a wide variety of xenobiotics, including drugs and carcinogens. Although the a number of CYP enzymes were also detected in epithelial cells along the gastrointestinal tract, little is known about the expression of CYP genes in gastric tissue. Methodology: In this study, the expression patterns of CYP isoforms was investigated in a total of 14 antral biopsy tissues obtained from the patients with either chronic gastritis (n=6) or cancer (n=8) by gene-specific real-time reverse transcriptase -PCR analyses. We employed primer sets specific for CYPs -1A1, -1A2, -2A6, -2B6, -2C, -2D6, -2E1, and -3A5. Results: Among the isoforms CYP1A1, CYP2C and CYP2D6 gave rise to detectable mRNAs in all 14 gastric tissues while the mRNAs for the other CYPs were detected in some of the tissues. The expression patterns were compared to clinical parameters. There were no significant differences in the parameters between the two groups; however the mRNA expression of CYP2A6 was significantly higher in women than man (p

Amaç: Anastomoz bilyer darlıkları karaciğer nakli sonrası sıklıkla ortaya çıkabilen komplikasyonlardır. Karaciğer nakli sonrası ortaya çıkan anastomoz bilyer darlıklarının tedavisinde ERCP'nin başarısını değerlendirdik. Yöntem: İkiyüzonaltı karaciğer nakli hastasının 20'sinde 32 ERCP uygulandı. Bulgular: Hastaların beşinde darlığın kılavuz ile gecikmemesi nedeniyle ERCP başarısız olmuştur. Hastaların dördü sadece balon dilatasyonu ile tedavi edilirken bunlardan ikisi 24 ve 8 aydır nükssüz olarak takip edilmektedir. Sekiz hastaya primer tedavi olarak balon dilatasyonu ile beraber plastik stent uygulanması yapılmıştır. Bunların altısında, takibin geri kalanında (22±13 ay) anastomoz açık kalmıştır. Beşinde ilk stentle-me sonrası darlık nüks etmiş ve tekrar stentleme gerekirken, dördünde üçüncü stentleme ve üçünde dördüncü stentleme ihtiyacı olmuştur. Sonuç: Endoskopik balon dilatasyonu ve stentleme karaciğer nakli sonrası ortaya çıkan anastomoz bilyer darlıklarının tedavisinde etkili ve güvenli bir yoldur., Background/aims: Anastomotic biliary strictures are common biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation. We assessed the success of endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreaticography (ERCP) in the treatment and outcome of post-liver transplantation anastomotic biliary strictures in a university hospital, retrospectively. Methods:Thirty-three ERCPs were performed in 20 of 162 adult liver transplant recipients with duct to duct anastomosis. Results:In five patients, ERCP failed because the stricture could not be passed with guidewire. Four patients were treated with balloon dilatation only; two of them are recurrence-free with a follow-up of 24 and 8 months. Eleven patients had balloon dilatation and plastic stent placement as their primary treatment modality. In six of them, the anastomosis remained patent for the rest of the follow-up (22 ± 13 months). Five patients had stricture recurrence after first stenting which necessitated re-stenting; four of them required a third, and three had a fourth stenting. Conclusions: Endoscopic balloon dilatation and stenting are safe and effective means of treatment of anastomotic biliary strictures following liver transplantation.

38th Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver -- MAR 29-APR 01, 2003 -- ISTANBUL, TURKEY Sonsuz, Prof.Dr.Abdullah/0000-0002-8336-5472; bozdayi, mithat/0000-0002-2785-1804 WOS: 000182174500685 … European Assoc Study Liver