Search

Fake news is one of the most popular phenomena that effects on our social life[2]. Nowadays, growing faux information turns into very smooth due to user’s considerable the usage of internet. It is a severe problem as its cap potential to motive a variety of social damage.In this paper, we can make an evaluation of studies associated with faux information detection. We will use system studying algorithms to pick the first-class version for detection of faux or actual information. The end result will display the accuracy of dataset. In this paper, we can use supervised studying like- Logistic Regression, svm, Naïve Bayes etc.

Regional analgesia features a prime role within the multimodal analgesia approach for surgical pain management. currently each day it's common apply of using transverses abdominis plane block (TAP Block) with numerous sorts of native anaesthetics and adjuvants, as a multimodal pain relieving remedy used worldwide for intra and postoperative pain management in several surgeries. However, only a few studies are done wherever hemodyanamics effects when bupivacaine versus levobupivacaine have compared. Aim of this study to examine the consequences of bupivacaine vs levobupivacaine in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries and their effects on hemodynamics ( the blood pressure, HR, and SpO2). Method: A randomised double-blind management study conducted when approval from IEC Ref. code-92nd IIB Thesis / P4 . The study has fifty patients, with ASA I – II physical status, as well as each sex and 2-10 years cluster age and who set up for abdominal surgery notably lower abdominal . 25 patients set in every group and every which way allotted: cluster Bupiva and Levobupiva . All patients were well well-read regarding the procedure, drugs, and effects of drugs, and untoward complications. well-read written consent was taken from each patient before involving them within the study. primary objective is to examine the impact of those medicine on Blood pressure, HR, and SPO2 & Secondary objective was to check rescue physiological condition reduction within the surgical period. After the comparison between these 2 clusters, The mean SBP of group Bupiva was found below that of group Levobupiva . and located to be important at fifteen min, one hour, a pair of hr, and four hr and insignificant at baseline zero min, thirty min, half dozen hr (p=0.092), twelve hr, eighteen hr, and twenty four h.differences is insignificant in comparison the DBP at any purpose of your time from baseline to 24 hr. On comparing the center rate, variations were found insignificant from baseline (p = 0.897), 0 min (p = 0.651), 30 min (p = 0.096), 1hr (p = 0.192), 2 hr (p=0.390), four hour (p=0.525), half dozen hr (p=0.469), twelve hr (p=0.443), eighteen hr (p=0.288) to twenty four hr (p=0. 390) except at fifteen min (p=0.010) that was the mean pulse rate of cluster Bupiva is over that of group Levobupiva at one,5 min. On comparison the SPO2differences were insignificant at baseline (p = 0.620), 15 min (p = 0.108), thirty min (p=0.353), 1 hr (p = 0.789), 2 hr (p = 0.364), 4 hr (p = 0.292) and 6 hr (p = 0. 198) however important at 0 min (p = 0.002), 12hr (p = 0.012), 18hr (p = 0.002) and24 hr (p = 0.028) wherever the mean SPO2 of cluster Bupiva was abundant below the group Levobupiva. Stable hemodynamics for a extended period were provided by Levobupivacaine as compared to Bupivacaine.

In cystic fibrosis (CF), reduced HCOsub3/subsup-/supsecretion acidifies the airway surface liquid (ASL), and the acidic pH disrupts host defenses. Thus, understanding the control of ASL pH (pHsubASL/sub) in CF may help identify novel targets and facilitate therapeutic development. In diverse epithelia, the WNK (with-no-lysine [K]) kinases coordinate HCOsub3/subsup-/supand Clsup-/suptransport, but their functions in airway epithelia are poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that WNK kinases regulate CF pHsubASL/sub. In primary cultures of differentiated human airway epithelia, inhibiting WNK kinases acutely increased both CF and non-CF pHsubASL/sub. This response was HCOsub3/subsup-/supdependent and involved downstream SPAK/OSR1 (Ste20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase/oxidative stress responsive 1 kinase). Importantly, WNK inhibition enhanced key host defenses otherwise impaired in CF. Human airway epithelia expressed twoiWNK/iisoforms in secretory cells and ionocytes, and knockdown of eitheriWNK1/ioriWNK2/iincreased CF pHsubASL/sub. WNK inhibition decreased Clsup-/supsecretion and the response to bumetanide, an NKCC1 (sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter 1) inhibitor. Surprisingly, bumetanide alone or basolateral Clsup-/supsubstitution also alkalinized CF pHsubASL/sub. These data suggest that WNK kinases influence the balance between transepithelial Clsup-/supversus HCOsub3/subsup-/supsecretion. Moreover, reducing basolateral Clsup-/supentry may increase HCOsub3/subsup-/supsecretion and raise pHsubASL/sub, thereby improving CF host defenses.

The Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSME) sector has developed as a vibrant sector of the Indian economy and is an essential engine of the economy. It contributes significantly to the growth of entrepreneurship and creates the second-largest number of job opportunities. In 2019-2020, the MSME sector will contribute considerably to the development of the Indian economy, accounting for 95 percent of industrial units with an extensive network of 63 million firms, 29 percent of GDP, and nearly 49.8% of exports employing roughly 111 million people. Because the global economy is slowing, it should emphasize growing the MSME sector to improve job opportunities, particularly for young people. These MSMEs create employment possibilities and aid in industrialization in rural areas, reducing income inequality among inhabitants. MSMEs contribute considerably to the development of the Indian economy through exports, domestic production, minimal investment requirements, operational flexibility, and technology-oriented firms, among other things. So, this paper has attempted to understand the role of MSMEs in providing employment opportunities and pushing toward the country's inclusive development. The data for the study has been collected from various secondary sources such as government websites, magazines, multiple reports, and newspapers. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and co-integration analysis were used in the study. The result shows, Have MSMEs created job opportunities in the economy? We used time-series data to analyze the long-term relationship and trend between the variables.

Sustainability has been a growing trend in the past few years due to awareness about environmental issues taking place. As a result of which companies are going for green production of goods. In contrary to the green claims made by these companies there is a lack of transparency in the methods that they have adopted as a step to attain sustainability. In fact some companies use exaggeration and lies to claim sustainable production of goods as a marketing effort to attract customers who care about sustainability. This increases uncertainty and perceived risk in customers. Consumers lose trust in business that are actually into ethically producing their products. It also tarnishes the brand image of the company involved in greenwashing. Altogether consumers loose trust in the concept of sustainability

The scrapping of board exams by the Indian government is a watershed moment in the country’s educational history. An online survey was performed to determine the impact of the decision on students’ lives. COVID-19 has caused mayhem in the world’s educational institutions, affecting over 1.6 billion pupils in over 200 nations. School, institutional, and other learning facility closures have impacted more than 94 percent of the world’s student population. As a result, substantial changes have occurred in every aspect of our lives. Social alienation and movement restrictions have wreaked havoc on traditional teaching practices. To discover more about the effects of the epidemic on students’ lives, we surveyed 130 students aged 15 to 18, their teachers, and their parents from several educational establishments in Rajasthan, India. In addition, the study looked at how students of all ages used social networking platforms. Government officials should take all necessary steps, according to the findings, to improve the educational experience by reducing the harmful effects of the COVID-19 outbreak. Through the survey, we learned about the actual conflict and uncertainty that exists among individuals regarding the cancellation of the examination, where some believe it was a good decision taken by the government while others believe it would have an impact on the future education system. According to our findings, people genuinely need this exam to be done with sufficient protection and vaccinations for students, so that kids can have equitable and fair possibilities for their futures and the nation can find better human resources for quicker GDP growth. There are concerns that the academic year of 2021, as well as the succeeding years, may be lost. Alternative educational systems and assessment methodologies must be created and deployed as soon as possible. The outbreak of COVID-19 has provided us with an opportunity to create the foundation for digital learning. The goal of this study is to provide a detailed analysis of the influence of the COVID-19 epidemic on exam cancellations.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the major crop legume gaining steady focus for its enormous nutritional and medicinal properties globally. India is the crucial contributor to chickpea production in the world. Despite of its extensive significance, the yield of this crop legume is seriously curtailed by wilt causing pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Extensive pathogenic variability and mutability favors the pathogenesis over resistance. Although many approaches have been taken to restrain the pathogen most of them failed to meet the need. Recently, various advanced genomics and transcriptomics platforms give a wider arena in this field with a new dimension. The huge information that is generated bit-by-bit may give clues to develop future resistance strategy for Chickpea against Fusarium attack. The present review focuses on detailed symptomatic analyses of wilt disease in chickpea, the disease cycle, and genetic variability of the pathogen. Besides, different wilt management strategies that are followed are also discussed. Finally, the possibilities and utilization of different transcriptomic techniques, especially next-generation sequencing platforms are also highlighted. This review will surely portray a comprehensive idea of the disease, pathogen as well as control strategies which will be useful in future research on chickpea-Fusarium interplay.

The incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic completely reoriented global socio-economic parameters and human civilization have experienced the worst situation in the recent past. The rapid mutation rates in viruses have continuously been creating emerging variants of concerns (VOCs) which devastated different parts of the world with subsequent waves of infection. Although, series of antiviral drugs and vaccines were formulated but cent percent effectiveness of these drugs is still awaited. Many of these drugs have different side effects which necessitate proper trial before release. Plants are the storehouse of antimicrobial metabolites which have also long been utilized as traditional medicines against different viral infections. Although, proper mechanism of action of these traditional medicines are unknown, they may be a potential source of effective anti-COVID drug for future implications. Advanced bioinformatic applications have opened up a new arena in predicting these repurposed drugs as a potential COVID mitigator. The present review summarizes brief accounts of the corona virus with their possible entry mechanism. This study also tries to classify different possible anti COVID-19 plant-derived metabolites based on their probable mode of action. This review will surely provide useful information on repurposed drugs to combat COVID-19 in this critical situation.

BACKGROUND Sub-arachnoid block (SAB) is often associated with hypotension due to changes in intravascular volume, tone of vessels and cardiac output. Sympatholytic effect of SAB causes hypotension which is exaggerated in elderly, hypovolemic and cardiac patients, thus increasing the incidence of myocardial ischemia. Perfusion index (PI), derived from pulse oximeter, is a relatively newer and non-invasive parameter to measure the vascular tone (1,2). Changes in baseline peripheral vascular tone may affect the degree of hypotension, and patients with low baseline vascular tone may be at an increased risk of hypotension (3-6). This study was conducted to investigate correlation between baseline PI and incidence of hypotension following SAB in patients undergoing lower-limb orthopedic surgeries and to determine a new baseline cut-off to assess the chances of developing hypotension. OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between baseline PI and incidence of hypotension following SAB, in patients undergoing lower-limb orthopedic surgeries. METHODS This single center, prospective, observational study was conducted between June 2018 and February 2020, at a tertiary care center, after obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee clearance. Adult patients (18-60 years) undergoing lower-limb orthopedic surgery under SAB and belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II were included. Patient not willing for surgery under regional anesthesia (RA) or having contraindications to RA due to allergy to local anesthetics (LA), procedure site infection, any coagulation disorder, ASA grade III-IV, mental health issues were excluded. After detailed pre-anesthetic check-up, a written informed consent was taken. Standard fasting guidelines were followed. All the patients were given tablet lorazepam 2 mg in the night and morning before surgery. After wheeling the patient into the theatre, intravenous access was taken, standard monitors were attached. Each patient was pre-hydrated with 500 mL of Ringer Lactate before SAB followed by maintenance fluid. A total of 75 patients were enrolled in the study initially and 15 were excluded because of exclusion criteria. Remaining 60 patients were assessed for baseline PI and were divided into two groups. The PI was measured in the supine position using specific pulse oximeter probe attached to the left index finger of all patients to ensure uniformity in measured PI values. Patients with baseline PI ≤ 3.5 fell into group A and those with PI > 3.5 fell into group B. SAB was performed by an anesthesiologist blinded to the baseline PI values, using 25-gauge Quincke's spinal needle in sitting position with 15 mg of injection 0.5% bupivacaine (hyperbaric) at L3–L4 interspace. The level of sensory blockage was checked using a cold swab. Maximum cephalad spread was checked 20min after SAB. Non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP), heart rate (HR), Saturation (SpO2) and PI were recorded at 2 min intervals up to 20 minutes after SAB, followed by every 5 minutes interval for rest 40 minutes. Hypotension was defined as a decrease in Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) of 20% from baseline and was treated with intra-venous bolus of injection Mephentermine 6 mg and 100 ml of Ringer lactate. Hypotension within first 60 min following SAB was considered for anesthesia-induced hypotension. Bradycardia (HR RESULTS A total of 75 patients were enrolled in the study initially. 15 patients were excluded as they were not following inclusion criteria, 3 patients were excluded due to inadequate level of spinal blockade. A total of 28 patients felt in Group A and 29 patients in Group B, for final analysis (figure 1). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and MAP were significantly higher in group A as compared to group B for the first 25 minutes after SAB (figure 2, 3). Overall, incidence of post-SAB hypotension was 68.97% in group B and 10.71 % in group A (figure 4). Intra-operatively, heart rate was comparable between the two groups. The ROC analysis revealed that baseline PI was suitable for detecting risk for hypotension (AUC = 0.854, P < 0.001) (figure 5) (Table 2). The baseline PI cut-off point that predicted hypotension as determined by the ROC analysis was 3.1 with a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI= 85.20% - 100.00%), a specificity of 73.53% (95% CI = 55.60–87.10%), a positive predictive value of 71.88% (95% CI= 59.34% - 81.74%), and a negative predictive value of 100.00% (95% CI = NA) (figure 5). CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgeries, Perfusion index (PI) can be used as a tool for predicting hypotension following SAB. Baseline PI >3.5 is associated with higher incidence of developing hypotension than PI

Several fungi act as parasites for crops causing huge annual crop losses at both pre- and post-harvest stages. For years, chemical fungicides were the solution; however, their wide use has caused environmental contamination and human health problems. For this reason, the use of biofungicides has been in practice as a green solution against fungal phytopathogens. In the context of a more sustainable agriculture, microbial biofungicides have the largest share among the commercial biocontrol products that are available in the market. Precisely, the genus Bacillus has been largely studied for the management of plant pathogenic fungi because they offer a chemically diverse arsenal of antifungal secondary metabolites, which have spawned a heightened industrial engrossment of it as a biopesticide. In this sense, it is indispensable to know the wide arsenal that Bacillus genus has to apply these products for sustainable agriculture. Having this idea in our minds, in this review, secondary metabolites from Bacillus having antifungal activity are chemically and structurally described giving details of their action against several phytopathogens. Knowing the current status of Bacillus secreted antifungals is the base for the goal to apply these in agriculture and it is addressed in depth in the second part of this review.

Microbial pesticides consist of active beneficial microorganisms or any natural products of microbial provenance that have a promising role in pest management. The development of a microbial pesticide needs isolation and screening of effective biocontrol strains and data for trials under field and greenhouse. Commercial application of a microbial pesticide requires large-scale production, formulation with suitable additives to increase the shelf-life of the product, and proper storage. Thrust in the research of microbe-based pesticides can be seen with the large number of patents, but only a very small proportion of them reach markets. The reason behind the hurdle in marketing is the stringent regulatory framework due to biosafety or environmental concerns increasing overall costs, causing a trail in its commercialization. Post-genomic technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 have reformed genome editing technologies and have increased the possibilities of developing the new edited biopesticides. The new microbial pesticide products will require additional regulatory challenges to define low-risk contenders so as to facilitate easy commercialization and fling in the market.

Introduction: Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a cellular phenotype which may contribute to metastasis and therapeutic resistance in cancer. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of EMT-like phenotypes in cancer cells may afford an approach to treating metastatic disease and/or thwarting therapeutic resistance. Recently, GPX4 inhibitors (GPX4i) became of interest in this field as they were identified as potent and selective compounds for cells in a mesenchymal state through induction of lipid peroxidation induced cell death also known as ferroptosis. The sensitivity to these inhibitors was also shown to be dependent on the master EMT regulator, ZEB1. However, the link between ZEB1 expression and ferroptosis susceptibility remains unclear. Methodology: We used PC-3E and TEM 4-18 cell lines, originally isolated from the PC3 prostate cancer cell line based on their differential ability to invade an endothelial monolayer, as our models of epithelial and EMT-like phenotypes respectively. To better understand the role of ZEB1 in ferroptosis susceptibility, we used ZEB1 KO TEM 4-18 cells as well as a panel of cancer cell lines that cover a broad spectrum of epithelial and EMT-like phenotypes. After evaluating the sensitivity to GPX4i in these cell lines, we examined different parameters affecting the lipid peroxidation pathway. We particularly focused on the regulation of iron metabolism by ZEB1. Results: The three GPX4i tested (ML210, ML162 and RSL3) displayed a greater toxicity against TEM 4-18 cells. Inhibitors of ferroptosis (ferrostatin-1, liproxstatin-1) completely reversed the effect of GPX4i indicating that ferroptosis was indeed triggered by GPX4i and responsible for their toxicity. Sensitivity to GPX4i correlated with ZEB1 expression in our panel of cancer cell lines and ZEB1 KO reversed toxicity of GPX4i in TEM 4-18 cells. Sensitivity to GPX4i correlated with a slightly higher labile iron pool in ZEB1 expressing cells. Expression of proteins with a previously established connection to iron metabolism such as Ferritin Light Chain (FtL), Ferritin Heavy Chain (FtH), Transferrin Receptor (TfR) and Prominin-2 (PROM2) were also dysregulated between resistant and sensitive cells. In particular, the ratio FtH:FtL and expression of PROM2 was positively correlated with resistance to GPX4i. In addition, using the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) database, we found that ZEB1 expression negatively correlated with PROM2 and Iron Responsive Element Binding Protein-2 (IREB2) suggesting these genes could be transcriptional targets of ZEB1. Conclusions: We validated GPX4i as potent EMT selective cytotoxic compounds and confirmed that the sensitivity to these inhibitors depends on ZEB1 expression. However, the mechanisms leading to sensitivity to GPX4i and how they connect to the EMT program have yet to be identified. As these mechanisms might be diverse, we hypothesize that ZEB1 regulates iron metabolism which is critical for ferroptosis induction. Citation Format: Marion Vanneste, Michael Darrin Henry, Akansha Jain. ZEB1 confers sensitivity to ferroptosis through regulation of iron metabolism [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Metastasis; 2022 Nov 14-17; Portland, OR. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;83(2 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A028.

Six Sigma is a widely practiced, systematic, and structured methodology embedded with statistical methods and managerial philosophies for quality improvement by large firms along with small firms in the industrialized economies. Application of Six Sigma in Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in developing economies is limited due to several barriers these firms face. In academic literature, there is unavailability of sufficient evidence of successful implementation of the practice in these firms to encourage and provide a roadmap for its implementation. Thus, there is a need for studies that presents frameworks with illustrative case studies demonstrating the implementation of Six Sigma in MSMEs. In the present times, MSME firms in developing economies are facing competition from world leaders, and thus it has become essential for them to focus on the quality of their manufacturing products and at the same time being productive and efficient. Moreover, in the literature, it is observed that the potential of operations research (OR) methods is not sufficiently explored in Six Sigma studies. OR-based methods and tools should be integrated into Six Sigma implementation frameworks as these methods expand the application portfolio and tackle some of the barriers that limit the application of Six Sigma in small-scale firms. In this paper, a Six Sigma implementation framework for an MSME organization is developed incorporating Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) tool Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory, apart from other conventional tools like cause and effect analysis, benefit effort analysis, Pareto analysis, control charts, etc. The proposed framework is illustrated in detail with the help of a real-life case study of an MSME in India. The results obtained after the implementation of this framework signify that the incorporation of MCDM in Six Sigma lead to a significant improvement in the sigma level of the firm despite of unavailability of sufficient resources.

Autophagy-related protein 9 (ATG9) is a transmembrane protein component of the autophagy machinery that cycles between the trans-Golgi network (TGN) in the perinuclear area and other compartments in the peripheral area of the cell. In mammalian cells, export of the ATG9A isoform from the TGN into ATG9A-containing vesicles is mediated by the adaptor protein 4 (AP-4) complex. However, the mechanisms responsible for the subsequent distribution of these vesicles to the cell periphery are unclear. Herein we show that the AP–4-accessory protein RUSC2 couples ATG9A-containing vesicles to the plus-end-directed microtubule motor kinesin-1 via an interaction between a disordered region of RUSC2 and the kinesin-1 light chain. This interaction is counteracted by the microtubule-associated protein WDR47. These findings uncover a mechanism for the peripheral distribution of ATG9A-containing vesicles involving the function of RUSC2 as a kinesin-1 adaptor and WDR47 as a negative regulator of this function.

Stroke is an important cause of premature death and disability in low-income and middle-income countries like India. Approximately 1/3 of stroke patients may develop aphasia. By targeting various risk factors, we can reduce the incidence of stroke and also aphasia. To assess various risk factors in patients of FEIS with Aphasia.Objectives: Method: A prospective cross-sectional study in patients of FEIS with aphasia, were evaluated for well-known risk factors followed by stroke and language assessment using National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Modied Western Aphasia Battery (WAB)9. Majority of the patients were between 66-70yr (48.52%) age group and mean age of study population wasResults: 69.07±6.5 years. Patients with uent and non-uent aphasia had mean age of 65.80 years and 71.09 years respectively. Majority of patients were females (54.41%) and Hypertension (55.88%) was the most prevalent risk factor among study group followed by smoking. Hypertension showed signicant correlation with the severity of stroke (p value=0.02). Early detection andConclusion: prompt management of risk factors can help prevent this disabling events like stroke and aphasia.

Stroke is among the leading causes of disability worldwide and aphasia is one of the common manifestations of stroke. Specic brain areas have been assigned in the literature for various subtypes of aphasia. With the advancement in neuroradiology, it has been observed that lesions at a given cortical or subcortical site may manifest with different aphasia subtypes. Objectives: To assess various aphasia type and probable site of brain lesion by clinical examination and correlating clinical site of lesion with anatomical brain lesion using CT. A prospective cross-sectional study in patients of ≥18 years of age with rst ever acute ischemic (FEIS) stroke andMethod: aphasia were subjected to clinical examination for stroke and aphasia using WAB-Modied and NIHS Score. Statistical analysis was done with χ2 test (p value < 0.05). Out of 68 patients, Global aphasia was the most common aphasia subtype (38.23%) and signicant correlation wasResults: observed in patients with NIHS score ≥15(Severe Stroke) and AQ >15(Severe Aphasia). Global, Wernicke`s, Broca`s, and Anomic aphasics showed signicant correlation between aphasia type and specic lesion on CT scan. A signicant correlation exist between theConclusion: clinical aphasia type and specic brain lesion in CT scan

Introduction: Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy (CAN) being one of serious complications of longstanding diabetes. CAN is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality1. CAN is an impairment of autonomic control of the cardiovascular system. It is often overlooked both in diagnosis and treatment simply because it is mostly asymptomatic and there is no widely accepted single approach to its diagnosis2. To calculate QT interval and its indices (QTc and QTd) in diabetic population and theirObjectives: correlation with CAN. A cross-sectional study was performed on 150 diabetic patients attending OPD and IPD of SRG hospital byMethodology: using random sampling technique and taking informed consent. A brief history and examination performed and CAN was diagnosed using Ewing and Clark tests and a 12 lead ECG was taken. Statistical analysis was done with χ2 test (p value < 0.05). 56% patients were from less thanResults: 46-60 Years, 57% patients BMI was more than 25 kg/mt2, Mean duration of diabetes was 8.35 years. Mean QTc in CAN grade 0 was 390.23±8.24, in grade I was 401.36±10.39 and in grade 2 was 425.94±11.08, QTd in CAN grade 0 was 30.20±14.67, in grade I was 37.87±16.23 and in grade 2 was 55.34±14.32 both progressively increasing with the grade of CAN. Longer duration of diabetes was associated with higherConclusion: grading of CAN, higher grading of CAN was associated with higher value of QTc and QTd.

Amidst the grueling SARS-CoV-2 pandemic which has affected the lives of people across the world, the accelerating growth in COVID-19 related news articles is making it difficult for the general public to stay up-to-date with all the information. News articles are a crucial medium to convey coronavirus-related information across the world to the public. Short summaries of news articles can assist the public in grasping a gist of an entire article without having to read it fully. With the evolution of Deep Learning in Natural Language Processing (NLP), we exploited the power of recent advances in pre-trained and transformer-based NLP models to perform text summarization over the COVID-19 Public Media Dataset. For this, we analyzed and compared the results of BERT, GPT-2, XLNet, BART, and T5. The first three models are among the most popular extractive summarization models and the last two are abstractive summarization models. We evaluated the results of our experiments using ROUGE scores (ROUGE-2 and ROUGE-L) and found that BERT, a transformer autoencoder, outperforms the other models under consideration in SARS-CoV-2 news summarization. Thus, we leveraged BERT in our web application “CoVShorts” to summarize COVID-19 articles. Further, we visually analyzed the dataset to depict the most used words in COVID-19 news articles using Word Cloud to validate the accuracy of the summarization task. CoVShorts will serve the public by helping them in gaining brief, concise, and to-the-point summaries quickly.

In recent years, cutting-edge nanotechnology research has revolutionized several facets of the food business, including food processing, packaging, transportation, preservation, and functioning. Nanotechnology has beginning to loom large in the food business as the industry's demand for biogenic nanomaterial grows. The intracellular and extracellular synthesis of metal, metal oxide, and other essential NPs has recently been explored in a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, yeasts, microalgae, and viruses. These microbes produce a variety extracellular material, exopolysaccharides, enzymes, and secondary metabolites which play key roles in synthesizing as well as stabilizing the nanoparticle (NPs). Furthermore, genetic engineering techniques can help them to improve their capacity to generate NPs more efficiently. As a result, using microorganisms to manufacture NPs is unique and has a promising future. Microbial-mediated synthesis of NPs has lately been popular as a more environmentally friendly alternative to physical and chemical methods of nanomaterial synthesis, which require higher prices, more energy consumption, and more complex reaction conditions, as well as a potentially dangerous environmental impact. It is critical to consider regulatory measures implemented at all stages of the process, from production through refining, packaging, preservation, and storage, when producing bionanomaterials derived from culturable microbes for efficient food preservation. The current review discusses the synthesis, mechanism of action, and possible food preservation uses of microbial mediated NPs, which can assist to minimize food deterioration from the inside out while also ensuring that food is safe and free of contaminants. Despite the numerous benefits, there are looming debates concerning their usage in food items, particularly regarding its aggregation in human bodies and other risks to the environment. Other applications and impacts of these microbe-fabricated NPs in the context of future food preservation prospects connected with regulatory problems and potential hazards are highlighted.

Digitalization of money transfer is a must in the present situation of banking operations. Clients have a variety of ways to carry out transactions, such as credit, wiring money, and so forth. However, depositing cash requires the physical presence of the depositor at the bank, and cashier needs to enroll the transaction into the system, which slows down the rate of money deposit and teller's activity. To accelerate the process, banks around the world have to adapt and construct guidelines for a digital deposit. To accurately digitize and transmit deposit slip information from smartphones to the bank, a scheme called 'Automating Data Entry Forms for Banks Using OCR and CNN'. The deposit slip scanner algorithm is based on input from the Smartphone camera.

Purpose: To report acute and late genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities associated with post-prostatectomy proton therapy (PT). Methods: The first 100 consecutive patients from 2010 to 2016 were retrospectively assessed. Baseline characteristics, prospectively graded CTCAE v4.0 toxicities, and patient-reported outcomes were reported. Late outcomes were reported for 79 patients with 3 months minimum follow up. Toxicity-free survival Kaplan-Meier curves were estimated. Logistic regression assessed associations between toxicities and clinical and treatment characteristics (p Results: Median age, months after surgery, and months of follow-up were respectively 64 years (range 42–77), 25 (5–216), and 25 (0–47). PT received was 70.2 Gy (RBE) (89%), salvage (93%), prostate bed only (80%), pencil beam scanning (86%), with IMRT (31%), and with androgen deprivation (34%). Acute and late maximum toxicities, respectively were: GU grade 0 (14%; 18%), 1 (71%; 62%), 2 (15%; 20%), ≥3 (0), and GI: grade 0 (66%; 73%), 1 (34%; 27%), ≥2 (0). Toxicity-free survival at 24 months was GU grade 2 (83%) and GI grade 1 (74%). Mean (±std dev) baseline International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function, and Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite bowel function and bother were 6.6 ± 6.1, 10.5 ± 7.3, 90.9 ± 10.8, 93.3 ± 11.2, respectively, and largely unchanged at 2 years: 6.3 ± 3.6, 11.1 ± 6.3, 92.8 ± 5.8, and 90.9 ± 10.3. On multivariate analysis, baseline IPSS (p = .009) associated with GU grade 2 acute toxicity. Bladderless-CTV median dose, V30, and V40 associated with GU grade 2 acute toxicity and maximum dose with late (Ps p = .033) associated with acute grade 1 toxicity. Rectal minimum and median dose, V10, and V20, and anterior rectal wall median dose and V10 through V65 associated with acute grade 1 GI toxicity (Ps Conclusions: Post-prostatectomy PT for prostate cancer is feasible with a favorable GU and GI toxicity profile acutely and through early follow up.

Genome editing technologies have advanced speedily in the past few years and have become one of the most paramount tools in the management of abiotic and biotic stress-related damages of the plant species at the genetic level. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) RNA-guided DNA endonuclease has the potential to edit genomes in living cells and is much easier to carry out and has outdone other gene editing tools. In this chapter, we summarize how CRISPR enables genome editing and the recent advances made in CRISPR-based technologies, especially in crop protection. We also discuss the regulatory viewpoint regarding the fate of CRISPR/Cas9 in developing biotic and abiotic resistance in crop plants and future challenges.

Swift growth in industry and continuously increasing competitiveness around the world have necessitated the industries to adopt new paradigms. In today’s competitive scenario, all firms need to be more efficient, responsive, reliable, resilient, and sustainable. The need for the adoption of these paradigms has increased manifold due to the current pandemic. In the current situation where the Supply Chains (SC) all over the world are affected, a strategic and innovative rethinking is required by the business community to conduct their operations smoothly. For this purpose, simultaneous adoption of a combination of Lean, Agile, Resilient, and Sustainable (LARS) practices may provide the expected result. The consolidated execution of these four different practices on the existing SC will result in huge benefits from a strategic perspective since (i) lean focuses on minimizing cost and elimination of waste, (ii) agility results in fast response to customer demands, (iii) resilience focuses on the longevity of the SC, and (iv) sustainability is achieved by adopting triple bottom line (TBL) approach. However, there are numerous barriers which make it difficult to implement the LARS paradigms jointly in any SC. The aim of the present study is to identify and determine the inter-relationships between various barriers and classify them into “cause” and “effect” groups. An Integrated Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach has been used for the analysis of barriers, and the fuzzy set theory has been used to deal with the uncertainty in terms of vague and imprecise available information. The fuzzy-Delphi method has been used for the selection of critical barriers by taking experts’ opinions. The fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (Fuzzy-DEMATEL) method is used to find relationships between the barriers, highlighting the hidden dependencies between them which provides a clear understanding of the areas which should be carefully planned while adopting LARS paradigms in SCM. The findings of the present analysis can be used by practitioners of any industry.

Among a wide range of possible technological advancement of nanotechnology in agriculture, there has been particular interest in developing novel nanoagrochemicals in the form of “nanopesticides” and “nanofertilizers.” A critical analysis of nanoproducts against conventional ones is essential to assess the associated benefits and risks. There are no nano-specified rules and regulations for using nanoproducts in most of the countries. This has significantly delayed the process of commercialization and progress in future research. It is important to integrate scientific, regulatory, public and industrial view points, and design research priorities, laboratories, standards and certification centers for its commercial application. The proposed changes and recommendations would help in developing regulatory framework for nanoproducts.

In recent years, there has been a transformation in the way customers shop. They no longer view the offline and online channels of the same retail firm separately. They browse through the firm’s online channel while shopping in their bricks and mortar store or they search for a product online and buy it from the firm’s offline store. Customers interact with both the channels simultaneously. This has given rise to omni-channel retailing in which, both the channels of the firms are fully integrated. But this integration requires the retail firms to rethink their competitive strategy and accordingly alter their sup-ply chain strategy. Retail firms in developed nations like USA, UK, etc. have adopted this form of retailing successfully. By looking at the benefit of omni-channel retailing, firms in emerging economies like India are also trying to alter their supply chain strategies to merge their online and offline channels. But they are failing to do so because of a number of factors. Thus, in this research our focus is to identify the critical success factors for firms in emerging economies so as to successfully alter their supply chain strategy for adopting omni-channel retailing. For this purpose, we have utilized Fuzzy Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (F-TISM) method of multi criteria decision making to identify the inter-relationships between the critical success factors identified through literature survey and interviews of experts. Further, based on the output of F-TISM, Fuzzy MICMAC analysis is applied to classify the factors based on their ability to influence other factors. The results obtained are beneficial for firms in emerging economies for adopting omni-channel retailing.

Critical care in the era of novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection has multiple challenges including management of the patient, underlying comorbidities, and the complications. With no end in sight to the pandemic, intensive care unit (ICU) practitioners and hospital administrators have to join hands to prepare for the long battle ahead. Critically ill COVID-19 patients need imaging or image-guided interventions in one form or the other including X-rays, ultrasonography (USG), echocardiography (ECHO), and CT scan. These patients often require renal replacement therapy (RRT) for either the preexisting chronic renal insufficiency or acutely developing kidney injury. Another important component of care is transfer of the patient to and fro from the ICU or to higher care centers. Most of the ICUs are equipped with modern facilities but with increasing number of patients a large number of makeshift arrangements are being made for managing these patients. This position paper outlines important tips to formulate protocols and procedures for critically ill patients, who are managed in the ICU. How to cite this article: Pande RK, Bhalla A, Myatra SN, Yaddanpuddi LN, Gupta S, Sahoo TK, et al. Procedures in COVID-19 Patients: Part-II. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(Suppl 5):S272–S279.

There is a growing interest in electric transportation and the number of plug-in electric vehicles (EV) is increasing. This will have adverse impact on the power network assets including the distribution transformers which are not primarily designed for excessive loading levels. In this paper, a simple reactive power compensation method to reduce the impact of EV charging on distribution transformers is proposed and analyzed. The method is based on providing a component of residential reactive power demand by operating EV chargers at non-unity power factors thus reducing overall transformer currents. Three scenarios for reactive power compensation are discussed. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated in a 53-node radial distribution system. The transformer overloading regions are divided into different severity zones. With the proposed method, the complete elimination of the most severe zone is achieved in almost all cases along with a significant reduction in other zones.