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Primary Health Care is the first point of contact for most Nigerians with respect to the health care system, but the level of clients’ access and utilization are mostly plagued with distinct problems across geographic locations, thereby impeding sustainable development of rural communities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the intriguing relationships existing among location, distance, and the utilization of government-owned primary health care facilities (PHCF) by residents in Isiala-Mbano, Imo State. A stratified random sampling method was used to select a sample population of 475. Questionnaire and interviews were used to elicit information from the respondents, while geospatial tools were used for mapping the spatial distributions of three Health Posts and fourteen Health Centers. Analyses of data using descriptive statistics, geographic information system, nearest neighbour analysis, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, and student’s t-test revealed that: (i) PHCF’s are randomly distributed within the study area as indicated by the Nearest Neighbour Index of R = 1.164. (ii) Estimated Euclidean distances from users’ houses to nearest PHCFs showed that 66.5 percent of the users live within 1 km and 33.5 percent live between 1 km to 2.3 km from the nearest PHCFs. (iii) Average Nearest Neighbour Distance gave 1.3708 km with good topography. (iv) The ratio of population to health center gave 11,972:1, implying that Isiala-Mbano is adequately served by primary health care centers, but the levels of utilizations were generally very low due to lack of doctors and valid drugs for patients. A test of Hypothesis showed that there is no significant relationship between the distance of primary health care facilities and the level of utilization in the study area. Hence, this study recommended timely health care facility reform through the supply of essential drugs and employment of specialized manpower sustainably to attend to patients in the study area.

Background: Obesity is a serious health problem, it increases heart-related diseases and its prevalence continues to increase due to genetic and lifestyle influences. This study aims to evaluate the hematological parameters of obese individuals based on gender in the Omisanjana region of Ado Ekiti, Ekiti state. Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The research is based on a cross-sectional study of obese and non-obese individuals in hospitals. The study was carried out in the Omisanjana area of ​​Ado Ekiti, Ekiti state. Fifty (50) obese individuals and fifty (50) apparently non-obese individuals were recruited as controls and participated in the study. The data are shown in the table and are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and are analyzed using the Student's t test of the statistical software package for social sciences (SPSS, version 20.0), and the level of significance is established at p≤ 0.05. Results: The results showed no significant difference in PCV (p=0.3783), WBC (p=0.501), LYM (p=0.149), GRAN (p=0.336), MID (p=0.242), ,RBC (p=0.243), HGB (p=0.086), HCT (p=0.323), MCV (p=0.943), MCH p=0.097), MCHC (p=0.922), PLT (p=0.941), when compared between obese individuals and non-obese individuals based on sex respectively. Conclusion: The study showed no statistically significant changes, and it may be because there are no significant changes in the physiological factors and the growth factors of the precursor cells in the bone marrow, so the body mass index (BMI) has no effect on hematological parameters.

Energy is needed by man, but the use of energy have some impact in climate change. So, with time energy have come a long way. And we have reneable energy which is best and also a form of combating climate change.

Climate change is an environmental issue, with severe and lasting impact on human. Some activities by human such as gas flaring, burning have all contributed to climate change. And this have led to some impacts like flooding and global warming.

Globally, culture is a universal phenomenon which distinguishes a particular race, tribe ethnic group from one another. The culture of a people defines them. People’s culture is exhibited through masquerade, music, art works, dance, building patterns, marriage among others. In Igboland and Nsukka areas in particular the people’s cultural exhibition is annually showcased mainly through masquerade such as Akatakpa, Oriokpa, Omabe, Odo, Ogede amongst others. However, criminality and violence have crept into the cultural exhibitions of the people of Nsukka and opinions are divided among the different stakeholders in the society on the appropriate measure to curb this menace of masquerade in the name of cultural exhibitions. The thrust of this chapter is to interrogate the correlations between cultural exhibitions, criminality and violence in Nsukka areas during their annual masquerade fiesta in this 21st century, Nigeria. The chapter also adopts qualitative research methodology and makes use of both primary and secondary sources such as relevant books, institutional publications, oral interviews among others. It was discovered in the course of the research that criminalities and violence perpetrated by the masquerades are not intractable and could be stamped out through a concerted effort of all the stakeholders in Nsukka.

Aims: There is a high risk associated with using artificial materials like polyethylene or foil for wrapping foods before cooking. The present study investigated the phytochemical and nutrient composition of Thaumatococus daniellii leaf, a local food wrapper. Place and Duration of Study: Biochemistry Unit, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Imo State Polytechnic Umuagwo, between April and May 2018. Methodology: The phytochemical compounds were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) while proximate and vitamin composition was determined using standard analytical methods. Results: The GC-MS phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of eight (8) bioactive compounds 1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol, d-Glycero-d-idoheptose, Cyclopentane,1-ethyl-1-methyl-, 6-Octyl-1-ol,3,7-dimethyl-, 2-Octenal, E- Octane,1-chloro-,2-Acetoxy-1,1,10-trimethyl-6,9-epidioxydecalin and Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-ol,2,6,6-trimethyl-,(1α,2β,3α,5α)- while vitamin assay results showed that Thaumatococcus daniellii leaf contained 3.1mg/100g of vitamin A, 1.07 mg/100 g vitamin B1, 1.32 mg/100 g vitamin B3, 1.11 mg/100 g of vitamin B5, 16.34 mg/100 g of vitamin B6, 11.86 mg/100 g of vitamin B12 and 25.19 mg/100 g of vitamin C. Result of proximate analysis indicates that Thaumatococcus daniellii leaf contains 10.15% ash, 9.67% moisture, 20.41% protein, 11.42% lipids, 13.78% fibre and 34.57% carbohydrate. Conclusion: In summary, our findings indicate that Thaumatococcus daniellii leaves contain bioactive compounds, an appreciable number of vitamins and high nutritional constituents. Hence Thaumatococcus daniellii leaves can be incorporated into animal feed, taking into cognizance the high protein, fat and vitamin contents. These suggest that it may play critical medicinal and nutritional roles and probably be a safer alternative to polyethylene paper and aluminum foil wraps; hence justifying its local usage as food wrapper. The leaves may also serve as a lead for the production of a healthier material for wrapping local foods.

Background: Scapho-lunate advanced collapse (SLAC) and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) of the wrist are the most common types of wrist arthritis. We compared the union rate and complication profile of patients with SLAC and SNAC wrist undergoing 4 corner arthrodesis with partially threaded or fully threaded headless compression screws. Methods: A single-center retrospective review was conducted to identify all patients treated for SLAC and SNAC with 4 corner fusion using headless compression screws from 2016 to 2021. A total of 33 patients undergoing surgery on 35 wrists were identified and included in the study. Demographics, comorbidities, complication profile, and radiographs were collected and compared between groups. Results: One hundred percent (16/16) of partially threaded and 84.2% (16/19) of fully threaded screws demonstrated union by minimum 10-week follow-up. The total complication rate (avascular necrosis of lunate, screw loosening, etc.) was 31.4%; 52.6% of wrists implanted with fully threaded screws experienced complications compared with a 6.3% complication rate with partially threaded screws. The difference was statistically significant between the 2 groups ( P = .004). Conclusions: Four corner arthrodesis using antegrade compression screws is an effective, reproducible method to achieve fusion in the wrist. The use of fully threaded screws was associated with more complications than with partially threaded screws, although union rate was not significantly different. Future studies with larger sample sizes would be useful to fully elucidate differences between these 2 constructs.

Renewale energy and some of its benefit compared to fosil fuels

Aims: There is a high risk associated with using artificial materials like polyethylene or foil for wrapping foods before cooking. The present study investigated the phytochemical and nutrient composition of Thaumatococus daniellii leaf, a local food wrapper. The use of this leaf is very ancient, and a close study of this leaf revealed that it has a large surface area and can be used to wrap large volumes of foods, Place and Duration of Study: Biochemistry Unit, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Imo State Polytechnic Umuagwo, between April and May 2018. Methodology: The phytochemical compounds were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) while proximate and vitamin composition were determined using standard analytical methods. Results: The GC-MS phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of eight (8) bioactive compounds 1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol, d-Glycero-d-idoheptose, Cyclopentane,1-ethyl-1-methyl-, 6-Octyl-1-ol,3,7-dimethyl-, 2-Octenal, E- Octane,1-chloro-,2-Acetoxy-1,1,10-trimethyl-6,9-epidioxydecalin and Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-ol,2,6,6-trimethyl-,(1α,2β,3α,5α)- while vitamin assay results showed that Thaumatococcus daniellii leaf contained 3.1 mg/100g of vitamin A, 1.07 mg/100 g vitamin B1, 1.32 mg/100 g vitamin B3, 1.11 mg/100 g of vitamin B5, 16.34 mg/100 g of vitamin B6, 11.86 mg/100 g of vitamin B12 and 25.19 mg/100 g of vitamin C. Result of proximate analysis indicates that Thaumatococcus daniellii leaf contains 10.15% ash, 9.67% moisture, 20.41% protein, 11.42% lipids, 13.78% fibre and 34.57% carbohydrate. Conclusion: In summary, our findings indicate that Thaumatococcus daniellii leaves contain bioactive compounds, an appreciable number of vitamins and high nutritional constituents. Hence Thaumatococcus daniellii leaves can be incorporated into animal feed, taking into cognizance the high protein, fat and vitamin contents. These suggest that it may play critical medicinal and nutritional roles and probably be a safer alternative to polyethylene paper and aluminum foil wraps; hence justifying its local usage as food wrapper. The leaves may also serve as a lead for the production of a healthier material for wrapping local foods.

Management practices involved in fish farming operation cannot be overemphasized as it provides the basis for a successful fish farming business. In Nigeria, fish farming has a lot of practices existing along its production - supply chain that is not standardized. For optimum utilization of resources and increased production, productivity and returns to the farmer, improvement in the existing technology and practices are necessary. This survey was carried out to purposely assess the management practices carried out by fish farmers in four (4) Local Government Areas in Kwara State of Nigeria and thereby propose possible management practices that can further improve productivity. Thirty (30) fish farmers based on availability were surveyed in this study. The survey was carried out using a stratified sampling technique involving the use of a closed-ended questionnaire. The data contains information pertaining to sex, age, marital status, gender, household size, years of farming experience, level of education and the various management practices carried out. The SPSS statistical package of version 25.0.0.0 was used for data computation. Survey result revealed that we have a large number of educated fish farmers that falls within the age bracket of 31 – 40 years having a household size of 0 - 5 persons. The result further revealed that majority of the respondents had between 1 - 10 years of fish farming experience. Also, the management practices performed during fish farming operation revealed that majority of the fish farmers managed the water quality of their fish pond, clean their fish pond regularly, weed their fish pond surroundings, protect their fish ponds against predators, feed their fish routinely and provided measures for disease control. It was also observed in the study that regular sorting, growth monitoring, record keeping being aspects of fish farming management practices were not compromised. However, survey results concerning the use of liming and pond fertilization were not commonly practiced among the fish farmers. This study also provided some useful recommendations that will assist in boosting fish production in Kwara State of Nigeria

This study assessed fish production in four (4) Local Government Areas of Kwara State. Thirty (30) fish farmers based on availability were surveyed in this study. The stratified sampling technique was used to carry out the survey. Youths within the age bracket of 31 – 40 years of age dominated the fish farmers in the surveyed area. Findings revealed that majority of them were married and learned. Quite a number of them were discovered to be government workers who use their personal savings to run fish farming business. About 90% were into catfish production. Earthen pond rearing structure and stream/river water source were mostly used by the fish farmers. This study was purposely carried out to ascertain the level of fish farming operation in the state by assessing their performance and see possible areas to address by providing way forward in enhancing fish production in Kwara State.

This study assessed the problems facing fish farmers in four (4) Local Government Areas of Kwara State. Thirty (30) fish farmers based on availability were surveyed in this study. The stratified sampling technique was used to carry out the survey. The outcome of the survey exercise carried out revealed that water shortages during dry season, lack of capital, disease and pest infestation and high cost of fish feed were identified as part of the major problems that affected fish farming business in the study area. The study recommends the use of supplementary feed for catfish such as maggot and other locally formulated feed as an alternative to foreign feeds which are very expensive. In view of this, the study further recommends that fish farmers in Kwara State should attend trainings on maggot production, preservation and utilization.

Case series Patients: Female, 11 • Male, 15 Final Diagnosis: Spontaneous gastric perforation Symptoms: Abdominal pain • distention • vomiting • leukocytosis Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Both patients had surgery Specialty: Gastroenterology Objective: Rare etiology Background: Spontaneous gastric perforation is a rare clinical disorder. The majority of the available data have been reported in the neonatal age group. There are a few cases of spontaneous gastric perforation in preschool children. To our knowledge, there is no published information on spontaneous gastric perforation in older children and adolescents. Case Report: We describe the presentation and clinical course of two adolescent children who presented with spontaneous gastric perforation. Both children presented with acute onset abdominal pain, which progressively worsened. In both cases, the patient were taken urgently to the operating room after imaging studies had shown pneumoperitoneum. In both cases, surgery revealed gastric perforation with no obvious etiology, specifically no ulcer, inflammation, or other pathology. Conclusions: These two cases highlight the importance of including spontaneous gastric perforation, not just the typical duodenal/gastric ulcer, in the differential of a patient with severe abdominal pain and distension, who has imaging showing pneumoperitoneum.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of a demanding work schedule involving long, cumulative work shifts on response time and balance-related performance outcomes and to evaluate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders between day and night shift working nurses. METHODS: A questionnaire was used to identify the prevalence of past (12-month) and current (7-day) musculoskeletal disorders. Nurses worked three 12-hour work shifts in a 4-day period. Reaction time and balance tests were conducted before and after the work period. RESULTS: The work period induced impairments for reaction time, errors on reaction time tasks, and balance performance, independent of shift type. Musculoskeletal symptom prevalence was high in workers of both work shifts. CONCLUSIONS: Compressed work shifts caused performance-based fatigue in nurses. Reaction time and balance tests may be sensitive fatigue identification markers in nurses. Language: en

The quests for sustainable development of diverse sectors tend to rank very high in the global and national agenda of the 21st century. Within Nigeria and Imo State in particular, the rising scenarios of insecurity in have posed serious challenges to the socio-economic and agricultural development in some rural communities. This study elucidates the patterns and intriguing relationships between the conditions of infrastructure and the level of socio-economic development of the rural communities in Imo State. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in selecting the rural areas and the respondents. A total of 44 rural communities were randomly selected and a total of 613 respondents were selected for study. Using structure questionnaire, oral interview and field observation data were generated and analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the qualitative and quantitative assessments revealed that: (i) the conditions of infrastructure (road, school and hospital) were mostly poor across the three zones in Imo State. (ii) Significant relationships exist between and among the conditions of infrastructure and the level of development in rural communities Imo State as validated by a coefficient of determination of 0.934. (iii) The deplorable conditions of most rural roads impede the timely evacuation of farm products and people to the markets (urban centers). This study recommended for strategic planning, funding, restructuring, empowerment and rehabilitation of infrastructure through collaborative efforts of the Federal and State Governments for sustainable development as well as full implementation of financial autonomy of the Local Government Areas.

Rotating-bearing total knee arthroplasty has been theorized to have some advantages in the kinematics and wear characteristics of total knee arthroplasty. A rare complication of rotating-bearing total knee arthroplasty is rotary dislocation, spinout, of the polyethylene component. When these dislocations occur, they typically result in a 90-degree dislocation in respect to the axial axis of the knee. This case is unique in that it presents a complete 180-degree polyethylene dislocation without trauma.

We investigated the time course of neuromuscular and hypertrophic adaptations associated with only four weeks of barbell squat and deadlift training. Forty-seven previously untrained women (mean±SD, age=21±3years) were randomly assigned to low volume training (n=15), moderate volume training (n=16), and control (n=16) groups. The low and moderate volume training groups performed two and four sets, respectively, of five repetitions per exercise, twice a week. Testing was performed weekly, and included dual X-ray absorptiometry and vastus lateralis and rectus femoris B-mode ultrasonography. Bipolar surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were detected from the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris during isometric maximal voluntary contractions of the leg extensors. Significant increases in lean mass for the combined gynoid and leg regions for the low (+0.68kg) and moderate volume (+0.47kg) groups were demonstrated within three weeks. Small-to-moderate effect sizes were shown for leg lean mass, vastus lateralis thickness and pennation angle, and peak torque, but EMG amplitude was unaffected. These findings demonstrated rapid muscular adaptations in response to only eight sessions of back squat and deadlift training in women despite the absence of changes in agonist-antagonist EMG amplitude.

The old pension scheme pension were based on length of service and on a percentage of final salaries. In the new pension scheme contributions are invested till retirement. Accumulated contributions are used to purchase pension at retirement. The paper looks at the effect of longevity on the annuity values at retirement and the consequent pensions. Three lives age 25, 35 and 45 with 35, 25 and 15 years to retirement are considered. Five Life Tables with life expectancies of 13.48, 14.43, 15.61, 17.98 and 19.51 years at age 60 each were considered. We find that the new pension rate is considerably less than the old rate for each Life Table and longevity increases annuity value, thereby reducing pensions. The percentage goes from 100% to 82.8% taking the Life .Table with the least life expectancy as a base and for a life aged 25.The same result follows for each life considered