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Mucormycosis, which occurs especially in patients with immune insufficiency or diabetes mellitus and caused by fungi of the "Mucorales" class, is an invasive fungal infection resulting in high mortality and morbidity. While disseminated or pulmonary forms are more common in patients with immune insufficiency, rhino-orbito-cerebral form is more common in patients with diabetes mellitus. Wide surgical debridement of all infected tissues, administration of amphotericin B and control of underlying diabetes mellitus or immune insufficiency are the three main components of treatment of the disease. In this article, three cases of mucormycosis, which were treated in our hospital in 1999, 2000 and 2001 respectively, are presented and diagnostic and therapeutic steps of the disease are reviewed under the light of the related literature.

In this study, N-methacryloyl- l-phenylalanine (MAPA) containing poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (HEMA)-based magnetic poly(HEMA-MAPA) nanobeads [mag-poly(HEMA-MAPA)] were radiolabeled with 131I [131I-mag-poly(HEMA-MAPA)], and the radiopharmaceutical potential of 131I-mag-poly(HEMA-MAPA) was investigated. Quality control studies were carried out by radiochromatographic method to be sure that 131I binded to mag-poly(HEMA-MAPA) efficiently. In this sense, binding yield of 131I-mag-poly(HEMA-MAPA) was found to be about 95-100%. In addition to this, optimum radiodination conditions for 131I-mag-poly(HEMA-MAPA) were determined by thin-layer radiochromatography studies. In addition to thin-layer radiochromatography studies, lipophilicity (partition coefficient) and stability studies for 131I-mag-poly(HEMA-MAPA) were realized. It was determined that lipophilicities of mag-poly(HEMA-MAPA) and 131I-mag-poly(HEMA-MAPA) were 0.12 ± 0.01 and 1.79 ± 0.76 according to ACD/log P algorithm program, respectively. Stability of the radiolabeled compound was investigated in time intervals given as 0, 30, 60, 180, and 1440 min. It was found that 131I-mag-poly(HEMA-MAPA) existed as a stable complex in rat serum within 60 min. After that, biodistribution and scintigraphy studies were carried out by using albino Wistar rats. It was determined that the most important 131I activity uptake was observed in the breast, the ovary, and the pancreas. Scintigraphy studies well supported biodistribution results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of vancomycin and daptomycin MICs among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) blood isolates, the prevalence of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA) and the relationship between hVISA and vancomycin MIC values. Methods A total of 175 MRSA blood isolates were collected from seven university hospitals in Turkey. All isolates were tested for susceptibility to vancomycin and daptomycin by reference broth microdilution (BMD) and by standard Etest method. BMD test was performed according to CLSI guidelines and Etest was performed according to the instructions of the manufacturer. All isolates were screened for the presence of the hVISA by using macro Etest (MET) and population analysis profile-area under the curve (PAP-AUC) methods. Results The vancomycin MIC50, MIC90 and MIC ranges were 1, 2, and 0.5-2 µg/ml, respectively, by both of BMD and Etest. The daptomycin MIC50, MIC90 and MIC ranges were 0.5, 1 and 0.125 -1 µg/ml by BMD and 0.25, 0.5 and 0.06-1 µg/ml by Etest, respectively. The vancomycin MIC for 40.6% (71/175) of the MRSA isolates tested was >1 µg/ml by BMD. No vancomycin and daptomycin resistance was found among MRSA isolates. Percent agreement of Etest MICs with BMD MICs within ±1 doubling dilution was 100% and 73.1% for vancomycin and daptomycin, respectively. The prevalence of hVISA among MRSA blood isolates was 13.7% (24/175) by PAP-AUC method. MET identified only 14 of the hVISA strains (sensitivity, 58.3%), and there were 12 strains identified as hVISA that were not subsequently confirmed by PAP-AUC (specificity, 92.1%). Conclusions Agreement between BMD and Etest MICs is high both for vancomycin and daptomycin. Daptomycin was found to be highly active against MRSA isolates including hVISA. A considerable number of isolates are determined as hVISA among blood isolates. As it is impractical to use the reference method (PAP-AUC) for large numbers of isolates, laboratory methods for rapid and accurate identification of hVISA need to be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: This study aimed to investigate postgraduate pediatric dental students' knowledge, practice, and attitudes toward teledentistry and identify potential applications of this technology in pediatric dentistry., Methods: An online questionnaire was sent to all students through Google Forms. The questionnaire included questions about socio-demographic information, knowledge, practice, and attitudes regarding teledentistry and the use of teledentistry during coronavirus disease 2019., Results: Before the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, only 8.2% of students knew teledentistry. However, this increased to 45% after the pandemic, with differences depending on the student's clinical experience. Teledentistry was reported as useful for medicine taking, follow-up consultations, and diagnosing soft tissue problems., Conclusions: Integrating teledentistry topics into the dental curriculum can increase awareness and adoption of this technology in pediatric dentistry. Dental students need to be aware of its potential applications., Competing Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2023.)

Background: The success of endodontic treatment mainly depends on the eradication of microorganisms from the root canal system. The use of intracanal medicaments plays a crucial role in eliminating resistant bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis . Intracanal medicaments similar to herbal compounds can be used as a substitute for conventional calcium hydroxide (CaOH2) to prevent toxicity. The existing study aimed to compare and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of four different intracanal medicaments against E. faecalis ., Objectives: The objective of this study is to compare and evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of CaOH2, extracts of mushroom, aloe vera, and Curcuma longa as intracanal medicaments against E. faecalis ., Materials and Methods: A total of 120 extracted human permanent premolars were decoronated, and chemomechanical preparation of the root canal was performed. After sterilization of the samples, pure cultures of E. faecalis were inoculated and incubated. Then, samples were separated randomly into five groups ( n = 24). The antibacterial efficacy of the different intracanal medicaments was recorded at the end of days 1, 7, and 14 by determining the % reduction colony count. Data were statistically analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance, a Chi-square test for association, and a comparison of means using a t -test., Results: Curcuma longa exhibited an increased percentage reduction in colony counts compared to other herbal extracts against E. faecalis ., Conclusion: Antibacterial action of the C. longa extract was uppermost followed by CaOH2, A. vera , and mushroom against E. faecalis ., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Journal of Conservative Dentistry.)

Introduction: Because of the adverse effects on human health of some antimicrobial ingredients in traditional toothpaste, consumers are increasingly turning to toothpastes with natural ingredients. This study evaluates the antimicrobial effect of toothpastes containing different natural active agents against three oral pathogens: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Enterococcus faecalis., Methodology: This study tested one traditional toothpaste and seven different natural toothpastes containing theobromine, aloe vera, miswak, propolis, chitosan, enzymes and probiotics. The agar-well diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial effect. Inhibition zones formed around toothpastes after 24 hours of incubation were measured and the data collected were statistically analyzed., Results: Toothpastes containing theobromine and chitosan and the traditional toothpaste showed antimicrobial efficacy for all tested bacteria. Toothpastes containing aloe vera, miswak, and propolis were only effective on S. mutans, while toothpastes containing probiotics and enzymes did not show any antimicrobial effect on the bacteria. Among toothpastes with natural ingredients, the theobromine-containing toothpaste showed the highest efficacy on S. mutans, while the aloe vera- and propolis-containing toothpastes had the lowest efficacy (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: Theobromine- and chitosan-containing toothpastes, which showed antimicrobial activity against all bacteria, can be recommended as alternatives to traditional toothpastes., Competing Interests: No Conflict of Interest is declared, (Copyright (c) 2021 Serdar Demir, Gul Keskin, Nese Akal, Yasemin Zer.)

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the current reasons for primary teeth extractions in Turkish children and their relative importance., Study Design: retrospective evaluation of patients by analysing dental records of children aged 2-13 years, receiving treatment in different regions in Turkey over a period of five years (2007-2012). Patient's age, gender, any significant medical finding, type of tooth extracted and the reason for the extraction were the parameters evaluated., Results: It resulted that 2,508 primary teeth belonging to 1,755 children aged of 2-13 years were extracted. Extraction due to caries (57,4%) was found to be the most common reason., Statistics: Chi-square tests were performed for statistical analysis. Although no differences in the types of teeth extracted were observed between genders, striking differences were noted in the different age groups., Conclusion: From this study it can be concluded that caries and subsequent pulpal pathology are the most common reasons for extraction of primary teeth in Turkey. Primary molars were the most common tooth type extracted. Preventive programmes for preschool children should be given importance.

Dens invaginatus is a developmental anomaly. The nonsurgical endodontic treatment of a type 3 dens invaginatus with a large periradicular lesion in a maxillary left lateral incisor of a 10-year-old girl is presented. In spite of difficult diagnosis and treatment of type 3 dens invaginatus, nonsurgical treatment was performed successfully. Resolution of the periradicular lesion and apical closure was observed after 1-year follow-up., (Copyright © 2010 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Ectodermal dysplasia is a hereditary disorder that occurs as a consequence of disturbances in the ectoderm of the developing embryo. The triad of nail dystrophy, alopecia or hypotrichosis and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis is usually accompanied by a lack of sweat glands and a partial or complete absence of primary and/or permanent dentition. Two case reports illustrating the prosthetic rehabilitation of 2 young boys with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia associated with severe anodontia are presented. Since the oral rehabilitation of these cases is often difficult; particularly in pediatric patients, treatment should be administered by a multidisciplinary team involving pediatric dentistry, orthodontics, prosthodontics and oral-maxillofacial surgery.

Objective: The objective of this study was to test and compare the in vitro effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and octenidine hydrochloride (Octenisept) at different concentrations in the elimination of resistant microorganisms including S. aureus, E. faecalis, and C. albicans over a range of time intervals., Study Design: A broth dilution test was performed, and the timing for irrigants to kill microbial cells was recorded. Then the samples were compared by using Kruskal-Wallis test, with significance level at P less than .05. Also minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Octenisept was evaluated., Results: The in vitro antimicrobial effect of the most effective concentrations of the tested irrigants were ranked from strongest to weakest as follows: 100% Octenisept, 50% Octenisept, 5.25 % NaOCl, and 2.5 % NaOCl., Conclusions: The antimicrobial action is related to type and concentration of the irrigants as well as the microbial susceptibility.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of nightguard bleaching agents (Karisma and Yotuel) on the enamel surface of forty anterior teeth. Ten teeth of each group were evaluated with SEM and ten teeth of each group were tested with a microhardness tester Morphologic alterations were observed on the enamel surfaces with SEM. Karisma group showed a significant decrease in enamel hardness (p<0.05) and microhardness values of enamel were increased significantly in Yotuel group (p<0.05).

Dental services given to 4-15 years old patients who referred to Dentistry Faculty of Gazi University, Department of Pedodontics between 1985-1988 academic years, were evaluated. Classifications were done according to age, gender and type of dental services provided and the importance of preventive dentistry was indicated as a result.