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Purpose: Ceftriaxone is used sparingly in newborns due to its side effects. There are limited studies about its use in neonatal infections. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the side effects that may occur after ceftriaxone therapy in newborns. Materials and Methods: The clinical and laboratory data before (baseline) and after ceftriaxone treatment of newborns hospitalized in the Newborn Intensive Care Unit of Cukurova University Medical Faculty, Balcalı Hospital between 2015 - 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Thirty cases were included in the study. The mean gestational age of these babies was 37 ± 3.1 (30-41) weeks, and mean duration of ceftriaxone treatment was 7.2 ± 2.2 (2-12) days. Urine cultures were obtained from all patients and microorganism growth was detected in 17 (56.6%) infants. Escherichia coli grew in 11 (36.6%) cultures while other bacteria were identified in 5 (16.7%) cases. Compared to baseline, significant decreases were found in blood urea nitrogen, total bilirubin and hematocrit values after ceftriaxone therapy. No side effects related to the use of ceftriaxone were observed. Conclusion: The fact that no complications were observed after ceftriaxone in our study may be encouraging, both for the use of ceftriaxone in term or near-term newborns and for conducting extensive studies. More research is needed to investigate the side effects of ceftriaxone in newborns and to determine whether it can be an alternative to other antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: Systemic to pulmonary shunts (SPS) have proven to be highly effective for the palliation of neonates with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Mortality after SPS surgery in neonates has multifactorial basis. We aimed to investigate the clinical results of the SPS in relation to the underlying cardiac disease and to identify the risk factors contributing to an adverse outcome.Material and method: All neonates who underwent first shunt insertion for cyanotic congenital heart disease during the study period from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2017 were included. A retrospective review of patient records was done. Patients were grouped into two different categories: survived with or without any reintervention and death before or after any reintervention till discharge.Result: During the study period, 47 patients underwent SPS shunt placement. Patients who survived with or without any reintervention were in Group 1 and patients who died before or after any reintervention till discharge were in Group 2. Preoperative epinephrine requirement and mechanical ventilation and postoperative erythrocyte transfusion need were statistically significant.Conclusion: Although primary cardiac pathology is the most important prognostic factor, some other preoperative and postoperative factors like preoperative epinephrine requirement, and postoperative erythrocyte transfusion might also affect the prognosis. As there are very few centers in the region that specialize in pediatric cardiac surgery, a multicenter approach will be helpful in reaching reliable conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A and B (MICA and MICB) is one of the genes in chromosome 6. As MIC expression is inducible by heat, viral infection, inflammation and DNA damage, the molecules have been thought to be stress markers for the cells. We aimed to find the level of mRNA concentrations of MICA and MICB in neonates without any evidence of early onset infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chylous ascites is a rare condition due to the extravasations of chylous fluid through the peritoneal space. Congenital form of chylous ascites is extremely rare. Delay in diagnosis and treatment of congenital ascites creates medical problems. The main approach of treatment is conservative. Drainage of peritoneal chylous fluid, replacement of volume and protein loss, cessation of enteral feeding and parenteral nutrition, rich in middle chain fatty acids and somatostatin are recommended. If these conservative treatment alternatives are ineffective, then surgery can be considered. Fibrin adhesives can be used in surgery to decrease lymphatic leakage. Due to the rarity and difficulty in management of congenital chylous ascites, here we present a case who did not respond to conservative treatment for two months and benefited from catheterization of the lymphatic leakage areas and adhesive fibrin therapy during explorative laparotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Meconium-stained amniotic fluid occurs in approximately 13% of normal pregnancies and 5% of these infants develop meconium aspiration syndrome. Meconium aspiration syndrome is mostly a problem of term and postterm infants. There may be mild tachypnea or dispnea, respiratory insufficiency and persistant pulmonary hypertension in meconium aspiration syndrome. Meconium aspiration syndrome has a complex pathophysiology. Babies with meconium aspiration syndrome have both acute effects and long term morbidities such as bronchial reactivity and wheezing. Although there is improvement in pathophysiology and treatment modalities, it is still difficult to treat meconium aspiration syndrome. In this paper, management of newborns with meconium stained amniotic fluid and meconium aspiration syndrome in antenatal, natal and postnatal period are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), an important disease of the gastrointestinal system in neonatal period, is characterised by total or partial ischemia of the intestines. Although most of the affected neonates are premature, 10% of the patients are term neonates. Here we present three term neonates who were operated due to Grade 3 NEC during their follow-up. The aim of this report is to emphasize the NEC in term neonates although it is mainly a problem of the premature neonates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Umbilical venous catheterization is frequently used for treatment, monitorization, blood sampling and total parenteral nutrition in neonatal intensive care units. During umbilical catheterization, complications such as occlusion, bleeding, breaking, leaking, thrombosis, infection, distal embolization, perforation and cardiac tamponade may be observed. For this reason great attendence should be given to catheter complications especially during catheterization and catheter removal. Accidentally cutting or breaking of catheter may be observed. The catheter piece inside can be removed by transumbilical catheterization or surgical attempt. Here we report a preterm infant with 28 gestational weeks of age whose umbilical catheter was broken or accidentally cut during removal of catheter. The piece of catheter inside was removed surgically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Factor X plays an important role in the coagulation cascade, and factor X deficiency can affect both the intrinsic and extrinsic systems. Congenital factor X deficiency is a rare inherited coagulation disorder and is characterized by prolongation of prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT). Therefore, it may be misdiagnosed as vitamin K deficiency in the early infancy period. Bleeding manifestations have been usually mild to moderate. In this article, three cases with severe bleeding symptoms due to severe factor X deficiency are reported. All patients had a mild factor VII deficiency, and two cases had intracranial hemorrhage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conjoint twins are rarely seen. Although the etiology is not clear yet, it is more common in girls. Environmental and genetic factors might play role in the etiology. Treatment and management can change according to the time of diagnosis, shared organs and expectance of the family. Here we present three conjoint twins followed at our clinic within in a two year period. Treatment management and ethical approach of conjoint twins are still under discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]