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Herein, we demonstrate a microwave-assisted chemical reduction technique to exfoliate a few layers of graphene from the natural waste material, ‘coconut shell’. The microwave irradiation coconut shell is subjected to structural, morphological and functional groups characterization methods including SEM, Raman, FTIR and XPS spectroscopic analyses. The formation of biomass reduced graphene (BRG) has been confirmed through Raman and FTIR spectroscopic analyzes with the presence of D, G and 2D and other functional spectral bands, respectively. The surface topography of the BRG exhibits two-dimensional mat structures with wrinkle topography, imaged by electron microscopic techniques. The metallic behaviour of the BRG is evaluated by band structure calculation using density functional theory. The synthesized nanostructure has been evaluated for exhaled diabetic breath sensing application by fabricating sensor device on the paper-based substrate by roll-to-roll coating technique. The BRG sensor exhibited enhanced sensing response at a very lower concentration of diabetic biomarker with long term stability and rapid response/recovery time of 1.11 s/41.25 s, respectively. Based on our findings, the microwave-assisted BRG is a potential candidate for fabricating highly scalable, inherently safe, economically viable and excellent sensing performance to detect exhaled diabetic breath at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a promising class of crystalline porous materials with customizable structures, high surface areas, and tunable functionalities. Their unique properties make them attractive candidates for addressing environmental contamination caused by pharmaceuticals, pesticides, industrial chemicals, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and endocrine disruptors (EDCs). This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements and applications of COFs in removing and remedying various environmental contaminants. We delve into the synthesis, properties, and performance of COFs and their potential limitations and future prospects. [Display omitted] • Eco-Friendly Solutions with COFs. • COFs: A Green Approach to Pollution. • Harnessing COFs to Combat Pollutants. • COFs Unleashed Against Environmental Pollutants. • Innovative COFs Mitigate Pollution Impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium in the form of magnesium sulphate, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, and magnesium carbonate magnesium was conventionally in use as an effective antidepressant component. However, the concentration of these materials was high, varying from 150 to 500 mg per day. In recent days, nano-formulation of drugs is of high great interest due to its higher performance compare to the bulk structure. In the present work, MgO nanoparticle of size less than 10 nm have been synthesized by the wet chemical method with a sintering condition of 400 °C for 3 h. Magnesium aspartate was prepared from aspartic acid by modifying the prepared MgO nanoparticles. In vitro ethanol dilapidation studies at a various time interval and molecular docking interaction studies of MgO and Magnesium aspartate with NMDA receptors confirm that, these nanostructures compounds are suggestible as supplements for magnesium deficient and alcohol-induced depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ag 2 S-Graphene based hybrid nanostructure showed remarkable hydrogen sensing performance at room temperature. • The microwave assisted hydrothermal synthesis approach provides highly scalable Ag 2 S-Graphene based hybrid nanostructure. • The Ag 2 S-Graphene based hybrid sensor proved better sensing response of 45.5% at room temperature. Herein, we aimed to synthesize an efficient room-temperature gas sensor using biomass-derived graphene nanosheets-Ag 2 S based hybrid nanostructure by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The electron micrographs of the synthesized Ag 2 S-GNS nanostructure depicts rice-shaped Ag 2 S nanoparticles impregnated onto graphene surfaces. Interestingly, the bandgap of Ag 2 S and Ag 2 S-GNS based hybrid nanostructures were identified to be 2.04 eV and 1.75 eV, respectively. The Ag 2 S-GNS based hybrid nanostructure showed better hydrogen sensing efficiency than the pure Ag 2 S nanoparticles. The maximum response of 45.5 % for 150 ppm exposure of hydrogen gas was obtained for Ag 2 S-GNS based hybrid nanostructure at room temperature. The sensing response and recovery of Ag 2 S-GNS hybrid nanostructures towards hydrogen gas were found to be 19 sec and 31 sec, respectively. The high gas sensitivity and fast response time of the hybrid sensor were due to assorted attributes and synergetic effect between Ag 2 S and GNS hybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate with hierarchical nanostructure is successfully fabricated by architecturing Ag nanoparticles on the surface of one dimensional (1-D) semiconducting ZnO nanospikes. The influence of anisotropic growth and strain in the ZnO nanostructures through microwave treatment with the different time interval of microwave exposure. Based on the obtained physiochemical characterization results, the Ag–ZnO hierarchical nanostructures facilitates to modify the band structure due to the formation of heterojunction and thus drastically improves the SERS sensing capacity towards the various chemically harmful species. It is proposed that the anisotropic growth and strain-induced effect would be a unique strategy for designing and development of high-performance chemical and real-time molecular sensors. Image 1 • ZnO–Ag hierarchical nanostructures were fabricated by a microwave synthesis approach. • Influence of microwave treatment facilitates the anisotropic growth and strain induced in the nanostructures. • ZnO–Ag hierarchical nanostructure significantly enhances the SERS sensing performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a bottleneck in overall water splitting due to the involvement of the four-electron process and requires a high overpotential. This hinders the stability and durability of electrocatalysts over a longer period. Herein, we report flower-like NiCo 2 O 4 decorated on carbon nanostructures synthesized using a one-pot wet chemical method as an OER electrocatalyst in an alkaline medium. The catalytic activities were characterized by various electrochemical measurements including linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and turnover frequency (TOF). 90 % NiCo 2 O 4 @rGO/ f -MWCNT demonstrated a higher OER activity compared to stand-alone NiCo 2 O 4 , 90 % NiCo 2 O 4 @rGO, 90 % NiCo 2 O 4 @ f -MWCNT and 80 % NiCo 2 O 4 @rGO/ f -MWCNT. [Display omitted] • NiCo 2 O 4 @NCHy (NCO@NCHy) as oxygen-evolving electrocatalysts in an alkaline medium. • Flower-like pattern distributed onto the surface of nanocarbon hybrid. • The overpotential of the NiCo 2 O 4 @NCHy was 287 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2. • NiCo 2 O 4 @NCHy exhibited higher OER compared to NCO and NCO@other carbon nanostructures. • The strong interface between NCO along NCHy made the material potential towards OER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Self-powered sensors meet wearable tech demand. • ZIF-8 MOF excels in glucose detection. • Synthesis & characterization of ZIF-8/rGO composite. • Hybrid electrode offers high sensitivity and low limit. • ZIF-8/rGO for supercapacitors & glucose detection. The growing demand for wearable devices designed for continuous monitoring necessitates an extended power supply, prompting the development of self-powered sensing devices capable of prolonged operation. Multifunctional materials have become a prime focus for self-powered systems. One such material is ZIF-8, a porous crystalline metal–organic framework (MOF) that holds promise for non-enzymatic glucose detection due to its expansive surface area, functional sites, electrocatalytic activity, and biocompatibility. Our research details the successful synthesis of ZIF-8 and a composite consisting of ZIF-8 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). We extensively investigated the structural, elemental, and morphological attributes of these materials using various characterization techniques. Our examination of glucose detection involved cyclic voltammetry and amperometry studies. The hybrid electrode, benefiting from the synergistic interplay between ZIF-8 and rGO, exhibited an exceptional sensitivity of 5047.18 μA mM−1 cm−2 and a detection limit of 0.3 μM, spanning the range of 0.005 mM to 5 mM. Furthermore, we explored these materials' potential in the supercapacitance realm. The ZIF-8/rGO hybrid electrode demonstrated an impressive specific capacitance of 287F/g at a current density of 1 Ag−1, displaying pseudocapacitive behaviour. A proof-of-concept prototype device, utilizing ZIF-8/rGO, was fabricated and investigated for its potential in wearable glucose sensing. The device yielded satisfactory results, showcasing its capability as a self-powered wearable sensor. In general, ZIF-8/rGO hybrid nanostructure emerged as a promising candidate for supercapacitor and electrochemical glucose detection applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]