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11. Scat analysis as a preliminary assessment of moose (Alces alces andersoni) calf consumption by bears (Ursus spp.) in north–central British Columbia

Author

Rea, R. V., Ajala–Batista, L., Aitken, D. A., Child, K. N., Thompson, N., and Hodder, D. P.

Subjects
alces alces andersoni, moose neonate, diet, feces, hair analysis, predation, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

Moose (Alces alces andersoni) population numbers have decreased by 50–70 % in some parts of northern British Columbia (BC), Canada. Predation of moose calves by bears may be affecting moose populations in this area, but has gone undocumented. A total of 1,381 bear scats were collected during the spring and summer of 2014 and 2015. Hairs extracted from the scats were identified to species through hair scale imprints made in thermoplastic film, with the specific purpose of identifying the frequency of occurrence of moose calf hairs in scats. Only 27 scats (~2 %) contained moose calf hair. We discuss possible explanations for our findings.

Published
2019

12. Silicate absorption in heavily obscured galaxy nuclei

Author

Roche, P. F., Packham, C., Aitken, D. K., and Mason, R. E.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Spectroscopy at 8-13 microns with T-ReCS on Gemini-S is presented for 3 galaxies with substantial silicate absorption features, NGC 3094, NGC 7172 and NGC 5506. In the galaxies with the deepest absorption bands, the silicate profile towards the nuclei is well represented by the emissivity function derived from the circumstellar emission from the red supergiant, mu Cephei which is also representative of the mid-infrared absorption in the diffuse interstellar medium in the Galaxy. There is spectral structure near 11.2 microns in NGC 3094 which may be due to a component of crystalline silicates. In NGC 5506, the depth of the silicate absorption increases from north to south across the nucleus, suggestive of a dusty structure on scales of 10s of parsecs. We discuss the profile of the silicate absorption band towards galaxy nuclei and the relationship between the 9.7 micron silicate and 3.4 micron hydrocarbon absorption bands., Comment: 7 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2006
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13. Mid-infrared, spatially-resolved spectroscopy of the nucleus of the Circinus galaxy

Author

Roche, P. F., Packham, C., Telesco, C. M., Radomski, J. T., Alonso-Hererro, A., Aitken, D. K., Colina, L., and Perlman, E.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

High spatial resolution spectroscopy at 8-13microns with T-ReCS on Gemini-S has revealed striking variations in the mid-infrared emission and absorption in the nucleus of the Circinus galaxy on sub-arcsecond scales. The core of Circinus is compact and obscured by a substantial column of cool silicate dust. Weak extended emission to the east and west coincides with the coronal line region and arises from featureless dust grains which are probably heated by line emission in the coronal emission zone. The extended emission on the east side of the nucleus displays a much deeper silicate absorption than that on the west, indicating significant columns of cool material along the line of sight and corresponding to an additional extinction of A(V) 25 mag. Emission bands from aromatic hydrocarbons are not subject to this additional extinction, are relatively weak in the core and in the coronal line region, and are much more spatially extended than the continuum dust emission; they presumably arise in the circumnuclear star-forming regions. These data are interpreted in terms of an inclined disk-like structure around the nucleus extending over tens of parsecs and possibly related to the inner disk found from observations of water masers by Greenhill et al (2003)., Comment: MNRAS in press, 11 pages

Published
2006
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14. Circular Polarimetry and the Line of Sight to the BN Object

Author

Aitken, D. K., Hough, J. H., and Chrysostomou, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The 3.1 micron absorption feature of water-ice has been observed spectroscopically in many molecular clouds and, when it has been observed spectropolarimetrically, usually a corre- sponding polarization feature is seen. Typically on these occasions, and particularly for the BN object, a distinct position angle shift between the feature and continuum is seen, which indicates both a fractionation of the icy material and a changing alignment direction along the line of sight. Here the dependence of circular polarimetry on fractionation along the line of sight is investigated and it is shown that the form of its spectrum, together with the sign of the position angle shift, indicates where along the line of sight the icy material lies. More specifically a coincidence between the sign of the position angle displacement in the ice feature, measured north through east, and that of the circular polarization ice feature means that the icy grains are overlaid by bare grains. Some preliminary circular polarimetry of BN has this characteristic and a similar situation is found in the only two other cases for which relevant observations so far exist., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for MNRAS

Published
2005
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18. First polarimetry results of two candidate high-mass protostellar objects

Author

Curran, R. L., Chrysostomou, A., Collett, J. L., Jenness, T., and Aitken, D. K.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present 850micron imaging polarimetry of two high-mass star forming regions - W48 and S152. Within these regions we have identified two candidate high-mass protostellar objects - W48W and S152SE. The submillimetre continuum emission from the candidate HMPOs is bright in comparison to the nearby HII regions. W48W is a cold dense source, with no radio or mid-infrared emission. S152SE has an IRAS source IRAS 22566+5828 in the Southwestern part of the region, which appears in the mid-infrared 8.28micron emission, but there is no radio emission. The 850micron data shows another core within the region, in the Northeast. The polarimetry is ordered and the degree of polarisation is high over the candidate HMPOs - ~6% for W48W and ~8% for S152SE. Polarimetry results of this nature indicate a strong, ordered magnetic field threading the candidate HMPOs. The magnetic field direction in both S152SE and W48W is perpendicular to the direction of elongation of the cloud which would imply collapse along the field lines. Estimates of the magnetic field strength are derived using the Chandrasekhar & Fermi method. We calculate plane of the sky field strengths of ~0.7 mG for W48W and ~0.2 mG for S152SE. We discuss the drawbacks of using the Chandrasekhar & Fermi method with a large beam size. Mass-to-flux ratios have been calculated and both clouds are found to be roughly critical., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2004
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19. The Magnetic Field Structure in W51A

Author

Chrysostomou, A., Aitken, D. K., Jenness, T., Davis, C. J., Hough, J. H., Curran, R., and Tamura, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present 850 micron imaging polarimetry of the W51A massive star forming region performed with SCUBA on the JCMT. From the polarimetry we infer the column-averaged magnetic field direction, projected onto the plane of the sky. We find that the magnetic field geometry in the region is complicated. We compare the field geometry with 6 cm and CS J=7-6 emission and determine that the magnetic field must be relatively weak and plays a passive role, allowing itself to be shaped by pressure forces and dynamics in the ionised and neutral gases. Comparisons are drawn between our data and 1.3 mm BIMA interferometric polarimetry data, from which we conclude that the magnetic field must increase in importance as we move to smaller scales and closer to sites of active star formation., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A (3 figures)

Published
2002
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20. 8-13um Dust Emission Features in Galactic Bulge Planetary Nebulae

Author

Casassus, S., Roche, P. F., Aitken, D. K., and Smith, C. H.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

A sample of 25 IR-bright planetary nebulae (PNe) towards the Galactic bulge is analysed through 8-13um spectroscopy. The classification of the warm-dust emission features provides a measure of the C/O chemical balance, and represents the first C/O estimates for bulge PNe. Out of 13 PNe with identified dust types, 4 PNe have emission features associated with C-based grains, while the remaining 9 have O-rich dust signatures. The low fraction of C-rich PNe, <30%, contrasts with that for local PNe, around 80%, although it follows the trend for a decreasing frequency of C-rich PNe with galactocentric radius (paper~I). We investigate whether the PNe discussed here are linked to the bulge stellar population (similar to type~IV, or halo, PNe) or the inner Galactic disk (a young and super-metal-rich population). Although 60% of the PNe with warm dust are convincing bulge members, none of the C-rich PNe satisfy our criteria, and they are probably linked to the inner Galactic disk. In the framework of single star evolution, the available information on bulge PNe points towards a progenitor population similar in age to that of local PNe (type I PNe are found in similar proportions), but super-metal-rich (to account for the scarcity of C-rich objects). Yet the metallicities of bulge PNe, as inferred from [O/H], fail to reach the required values - except for the C-rich objects. It is likely that the sample discussed here is derived from a mixed disk/bulge progenitor population and dominated by type IV PNe, as suggested by Peimbert (1992). The much higher fraction of O-rich PNe in this sample than in the solar neighbourhood should result in a proportionally greater injection of silicate grains into the inner Galactic medium., Comment: accepted by MNRAS

Published
2001
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21. Error control coding for mixed wireless and internet packet erasure channels

Author

Aitken, D. G.

Subjects
621.384, Reed-Solomon codes
Abstract

Recent years have seen dramatic growth in Internet usage and an increasing convergence between Internet and wireless communications. There has also been renewed interest in iteratively decoded low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes due to their capacity approaching performance on AWGN channels.

Published
2008

22. The Galactic Disk Distribution of Planetary Nebulae With Warm Dust Emission Features: I

Author

Casassus, S., Roche, P. F., Aitken, D. K., and Smith, C. H.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We investigate the galactic disk distribution of a sample of planetary nebulae characterised in terms of their mid-infrared spectral features. The total number of galactic disk PNe with 8-13mum spectra is brought up to 74 with the inclusion of 24 new objects, whose spectra we present for the first time. 54 PNe have clearly identified warm dust emission features, and form a sample which we use to construct the distribution of the C/O chemical balance in galactic disk PNe. The dust emission features complement the information on the progenitor masses brought by the gas-phase N/O ratios: PNe with unidentified infrared emission bands have the highest N/O ratios, while PNe with the silicate signature have either very high N enrichment or close to none, and SiC emission features coincide with a range of moderate N-enrichments. We find a trend for a decreasing proportion of O-rich PNe towards the third and fourth galactic quadrants. Two independent distance scales confirmed that the proportion of O-rich PNe decreases from 30+-9% inside the solar circle, to 14+-7% outside. PNe with warm dust are also the youngest. PNe with no warm dust are uniformly distributed in C/O and N/O ratios, and do not appear to be confined to C/O~1. They also have higher 6cm fluxes, as expected from more evolved PNe. We show that the IRAS fluxes are a good representation of the bolometric flux for warm-dust PNe. The requirement F(12um)>0.5Jy should probe a good portion of the galactic disk, and the dominant selection effects are rooted in the PN catalogues., Comment: accepted by MNRAS

Published
2000
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23. Detection of polarized mm and submm emission from SgrA*

Author

Aitken, D. K., Greaves, J. S., Chrysostomou, A., Holland, W. S., Hough, J. H., Pierce-Price, D., and Richer, J. S.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the detection of linear polarization from SgrA* at 750, 850, 1350 and 2000 microns which confirms the contribution of synchrotron radiation. From the lack of polarization at longer wavelengths it appears to arise in the millimetre/sub-millimetre excess. There are large position angle changes between the millimetre and sub-millimetre results and these are discussed in terms of a polarized dust contribution in the sub-millimetre and various synchrotron models. In the model which best explains the data the synchrotron radiation from the excess is self-absorbed in the millimetre region and becomes optically thin in the sub-millimetre. This implies that the excess arises in an extremely compact source to the order of 2 Schwarzschild radii., Comment: (12 pages, 1 figure, accepted by ApJ Letters)

Published
2000

24. Modelling the Infrared continuum of Centaurus A

Author

Alexander, D. M., Efstathiou, A., Hough, J. H., Aitken, D., Lutz, D., Roche, P., and Sturm, E.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present ISOPHOT_S, ISOSWS and 8 to 13 micron ground based observations of Centaurus A that show prominent PAH and silicate features. These and other data are used to construct a model for the infrared continuum. We find that in a nuclear sized aperture (~4 arcsec, ~60 pc) the SED is characteristic of emission from a starburst and AGN torus; in larger apertures an additional component of cirrus emission is required. Based on our model, the torus diameter is estimated to be 3.6 pc and the best fitting inclination angle of the torus is 45 degrees. This result has implications for the detectability of tori in low power AGN and in particular for the use of the IRAS 60/25 micron flux ratio as an indicator of the torus inclination., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, published in the proceedings of ESA conference 'The Universe as seen by ISO', eds. P. Cox & M. F. Kessler. (ESA Special Publications series SP-427). Latex style files included with submission

Published
2000
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32. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Health State Utility Values for Osteoarthritis-Related Conditions

Author

Zhao, T, Winzenberg, T, de Graaff, B, Aitken, D, Ahmad, H, Palmer, AJ, Zhao, T, Winzenberg, T, de Graaff, B, Aitken, D, Ahmad, H, and Palmer, AJ

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Health state utility values (HSUVs) are a key input in health economic modeling, but HSUVs of people with osteoarthritis (OA)-related conditions have not been systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed. Our objective was to systematically review and meta-analyze the HSUVs for people with OA. METHODS: Searches within health economic/biomedical databases were performed to identify eligible studies reporting OA-related HSUVs. Data on study design, participant characteristics, affected OA joint sites, treatment type, HSUV elicitation method, considered health states, and the reported HSUVs were extracted. HSUVs for people with knee, hip, and mixed OA in pre- and posttreatment populations were meta-analyzed using random effects models. RESULTS: A total of 151 studies were included in the systematic review, and 88 in meta-analyses. Of 151 studies, 56% were conducted in Europe, 75% were in people with knee and/or hip OA, and 79% were based on the EuroQoL 5-dimension instrument. The pooled mean baseline HSUVs for knee OA core interventions, medication, injection, and primary surgery treatments were 0.64 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.61-0.66), 0.56 (95% CI 0.45-0.68), 0.58 (95% CI 0.50-0.66), and 0.52 (95% CI 0.49-0.55), respectively. These were 0.71 (95% CI 0.59-0.84) for hip OA core interventions and 0.52 (95% CI 0.49-0.56) for hip OA primary surgery. For all knee OA treatments and hip OA primary surgery, pooled HSUVs were significantly higher in the post- than the pretreatment populations. CONCLUSION: This study provides a comprehensive summary of OA-related HSUVs and generates an HSUV database for people with different affected OA joint sites undergoing different treatments to guide HSUV choices in future health economic modeling of OA interventions.

Published
2022

33. Single nucleotide polymorphism genes and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups as biomarkers for early prediction of knee osteoarthritis structural progressors: use of supervised machine learning classifiers.

Author

Bonakdari, H, Pelletier, J-P, Blanco, FJ, Rego-Pérez, I, Durán-Sotuela, A, Aitken, D, Jones, G, Cicuttini, F, Jamshidi, A, Abram, F, Martel-Pelletier, J, Bonakdari, H, Pelletier, J-P, Blanco, FJ, Rego-Pérez, I, Durán-Sotuela, A, Aitken, D, Jones, G, Cicuttini, F, Jamshidi, A, Abram, F, and Martel-Pelletier, J

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis is the most prevalent chronic musculoskeletal debilitating disease. Current treatments are only symptomatic, and to improve this, we need a robust prediction model to stratify patients at an early stage according to the risk of joint structure disease progression. Some genetic factors, including single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genes and mitochondrial (mt)DNA haplogroups/clusters, have been linked to this disease. For the first time, we aim to determine, by using machine learning, whether some SNP genes and mtDNA haplogroups/clusters alone or combined could predict early knee osteoarthritis structural progressors. METHODS: Participants (901) were first classified for the probability of being structural progressors. Genotyping included SNP genes TP63, FTO, GNL3, DUS4L, GDF5, SUPT3H, MCF2L, and TGFA; mtDNA haplogroups H, J, T, Uk, and others; and clusters HV, TJ, KU, and C-others. They were considered for prediction with major risk factors of osteoarthritis, namely, age and body mass index (BMI). Seven supervised machine learning methodologies were evaluated. The support vector machine was used to generate gender-based models. The best input combination was assessed using sensitivity and synergy analyses. Validation was performed using tenfold cross-validation and an external cohort (TASOAC). RESULTS: From 277 models, two were defined. Both used age and BMI in addition for the first one of the SNP genes TP63, DUS4L, GDF5, and FTO with an accuracy of 85.0%; the second profits from the association of mtDNA haplogroups and SNP genes FTO and SUPT3H with 82.5% accuracy. The highest impact was associated with the haplogroup H, the presence of CT alleles for rs8044769 at FTO, and the absence of AA for rs10948172 at SUPT3H. Validation accuracy with the cross-validation (about 95%) and the external cohort (90.5%, 85.7%, respectively) was excellent for both models. CONCLUSIONS: This study introduces a novel source of decision support in preci

Published
2022

34. Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of diacerein versus placebo to treat knee osteoarthritis with effusion-synovitis (DICKENS).

Author

Cai, G, Jones, G, Cicuttini, FM, Wluka, AE, Wang, Y, Hill, C, Keen, H, Antony, B, Wang, X, de Graaff, B, Thompson, M, Winzenberg, T, Buttigieg, K, Aitken, D, Cai, G, Jones, G, Cicuttini, FM, Wluka, AE, Wang, Y, Hill, C, Keen, H, Antony, B, Wang, X, de Graaff, B, Thompson, M, Winzenberg, T, Buttigieg, K, and Aitken, D

Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is an unmet need for treatments for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Effusion-synovitis is a common inflammatory phenotype of knee OA and predicts knee pain and structural degradation. Anti-inflammatory therapies, such as diacerein, may be effective for this phenotype. While diacerein is recommended for alleviating pain in OA patients, evidence for its effectiveness is inconsistent, possibly because studies have not targeted patients with an inflammatory phenotype. Therefore, we will conduct a multi-centre, randomised, placebo-controlled double-blind trial to determine the effect of diacerein on changes in knee pain and effusion-synovitis over 24 weeks in patients with knee OA and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-defined effusion-synovitis. METHODS: We will recruit 260 patients with clinical knee OA, significant knee pain, and MRI-detected effusion-synovitis in Hobart, Melbourne, Adelaide, and Perth, Australia. They will be randomly allocated to receive either diacerein (50mg twice daily) or identical placebo for 24 weeks. MRI of the study knee will be performed at screening and after 24 weeks of intervention. The primary outcome is improvement in knee pain at 24 weeks as assessed by a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes include improvement in volumetric (ml) and semi-quantitative (Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score, 0-3) measurements of effusion-synovitis using MRI over 24 weeks, and improvement in knee pain (VAS) at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks. Intention-to-treat analyses of primary and secondary outcomes will be performed as the primary analyses. Per protocol analyses will be performed as the secondary analyses. DISCUSSION: This study will provide high-quality evidence to determine whether diacerein improves pain, changes disease trajectory, and slows disease progression in OA patients with effusion-synovitis. If diacerein proves effective, this has the potential to significantly benefit the substantial proportion (up to 60%

Published
2022

35. Association between radiographic hand osteoarthritis and bone microarchitecture in a population-based sample.

Author

Ma, C, Aitken, D, Wu, F, Squibb, K, Cicuttini, F, Jones, G, Ma, C, Aitken, D, Wu, F, Squibb, K, Cicuttini, F, and Jones, G

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Subchondral bone plays an important role in the pathogenesis of radiographic osteoarthritis (OA). However, the bony changes that occur in hand OA (HOA) are much less understood. This study aimed to describe the association between radiographic HOA and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) measures of the hand and radius in a population-based sample. METHODS: A total of 201 participants (mean age 72, 46% female) from the Tasmanian Older Adult Cohort (TASOAC) study underwent HRpQCT assessment of the 2nd distal and proximal interphalangeal (DIP, PIP), 1st carpometacarpal (CMC) joint, and distal radius. Radiographic HOA was assessed at the 2nd DIP, PIP joints, and the 1st CMC joint using the OARSI atlas. RESULTS: Proximal osteophyte and joint space narrowing (JSN) scores were consistently more strongly associated with HRpQCT measures compared to the distal site with positive associations for indices of bone size (total and trabecular bone area and cortical perimeter but inconsistent for cortical area) and negative associations for volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD). There was a decrease in trabecular number and bone volume fraction with increasing osteophyte and JSN score as well as an increase in trabecular separation and inhomogeneity. Osteophyte and JSN scores in the hand were not associated with HRpQCT measures at the distal radius. CONCLUSIONS: This hypothesis generating data suggests that bone size and trabecular disorganization increase with both osteophyte formation and JSN (proximal more than distal), while local vBMD decreases. This process appears to be primarily at the site of pathology rather than nearby unaffected bone.

Published
2022

36. Feasibility of 'parkrun' for people with knee osteoarthritis: A mixed methods pilot study.

Author

Sutton, LP, Lahham, A, Jose, K, Moore, MN, Antony, B, Grunseit, A, Cleland, V, Balogun, S, Winzenberg, T, Jones, G, Aitken, D, Sutton, LP, Lahham, A, Jose, K, Moore, MN, Antony, B, Grunseit, A, Cleland, V, Balogun, S, Winzenberg, T, Jones, G, and Aitken, D

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of 'parkrun' for people with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and examine its potential to improve symptoms and increase physical activity. DESIGN: This uncontrolled mixed methods pilot study enrolled people with knee OA not meeting physical activity guidelines. Participants were asked to walk in four consecutive parkrun events supervised by an exercise physiologist/physiotherapist. Feasibility was assessed by recruitment data (numbers screened and time to enrol 15 participants), adherence to the protocol, acceptability (measured by confidence, enjoyment, difficulty ratings and qualitative interviews), and safety (adverse events). Secondary measures were changes in knee pain, function, stiffness, and physical activity levels. RESULTS: Participants (n ​= ​17) were enrolled over 11 months and recruitment was slower than anticipated. Fourteen participants attended all four parkruns and three of these participants shortened the 5 ​km course to ∼3 ​km. Across all four parkruns, 75% of participants reported high confidence that they could complete the upcoming parkrun and the majority (87%) enjoyed participating. Most participants rated parkrun either "slightly difficult" (38.5%) or "moderately difficult" (35%) and two mild adverse events were reported. Participants showed improvements in knee pain, function, stiffness, and physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrates parkrun's feasibility, acceptability, safety and, its potential to improve knee OA symptoms and physical activity levels. Participating in parkrun was acceptable and enjoyable for some, but not all participants. The scalability, accessibility and wide appeal of parkrun supports the development of larger programs of research to evaluate the use of parkrun for people with knee OA.

Published
2022

37. Association between socioeconomic status and joint replacement of the hip and knee: a population-based cohort study of older adults in Tasmania

Author

Munugoda, IP, Brennan-Olsen, SL, Wills, K, Cai, G, Graves, SE, Lorimer, M, Cicuttini, FM, Callisaya, ML, Aitken, D, Jones, G, Munugoda, IP, Brennan-Olsen, SL, Wills, K, Cai, G, Graves, SE, Lorimer, M, Cicuttini, FM, Callisaya, ML, Aitken, D, and Jones, G

Abstract

BACKGROUND: A socioeconomic gradient exists in the utilisation of total hip replacements (THR) and total knee replacements (TKR) for osteoarthritis. However, the relations between socioeconomic status (SES) and time to THR or TKR is unknown. AIM: To describe the association between SES and time to THR and TKR. METHODS: One thousand and seventy-two older adults residing in Tasmania, Australia, were studied. Incident primary THR and TKR were determined by data linkage to the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. At baseline, each participant's area-level SES was determined using the Index of Relative Socioeconomic Advantage and Disadvantage (IRSAD) from the Australian Bureau of Statistics' 2001 census data. The IRSAD was analysed in two ways: (i) categorised into quartiles, whereby quartile 1 represented the most socioeconomically disadvantaged group; and (ii) the cohort dichotomised at the quartile 1 cut-point. RESULTS: The mean age was 63.0 (±7.5) years and 51% were women. Over the median follow up of 12.9 (interquartile range: 12.2-13.9) years, 56 (5%) participants had a THR and 79 (7%) had a TKR. Compared with the most disadvantaged quartile, less disadvantaged participants were less likely to have a THR (i.e. less disadvantaged participants had a longer time to THR; hazard ratio (HR): 0.56; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32, 1.00) but not TKR (HR: 0.90; 95% CI 0.53, 1.54). However, the former became non-significant after adjustment for pain and radiographic osteoarthritis, suggesting that the associations may be mediated by these factors. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that time to joint replacement was determined according to the symptoms/need of the participants rather than their SES.

Published
2022

38. Restricting Branched-Chain Amino Acids within a High-Fat Diet Prevents Obesity.

Author

Liu, M, Huang, Y, Zhang, H, Aitken, D, Nevitt, MC, Rockel, JS, Pelletier, J-P, Lewis, CE, Torner, J, Rampersaud, YR, Perruccio, AV, Mahomed, NN, Furey, A, Randell, EW, Rahman, P, Sun, G, Martel-Pelletier, J, Kapoor, M, Jones, G, Felson, D, Qi, D, Zhai, G, Liu, M, Huang, Y, Zhang, H, Aitken, D, Nevitt, MC, Rockel, JS, Pelletier, J-P, Lewis, CE, Torner, J, Rampersaud, YR, Perruccio, AV, Mahomed, NN, Furey, A, Randell, EW, Rahman, P, Sun, G, Martel-Pelletier, J, Kapoor, M, Jones, G, Felson, D, Qi, D, and Zhai, G

Abstract

Obesity is a global pandemic, but there is yet no effective measure to control it. Recent metabolomics studies have identified a signature of altered amino acid profiles to be associated with obesity, but it is unclear whether these findings have actionable clinical potential. The aims of this study were to reveal the metabolic alterations of obesity and to explore potential strategies to mitigate obesity. We performed targeted metabolomic profiling of the plasma/serum samples collected from six independent cohorts and conducted an individual data meta-analysis of metabolomics for body mass index (BMI) and obesity. Based on the findings, we hypothesized that restriction of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), phenylalanine, or tryptophan may prevent obesity and tested our hypothesis in a dietary restriction trial with eight groups of 4-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (n = 5/group) on eight different types of diets, respectively, for 16 weeks. A total of 3397 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. The mean BMI was 30.7 ± 6.1 kg/m2, and 49% of participants were obese. Fifty-eight metabolites were associated with BMI and obesity (all p ≤ 2.58 × 10-4), linked to alterations of the BCAA, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and phospholipid metabolic pathways. The restriction of BCAAs within a high-fat diet (HFD) maintained the mice's weight, fat and lean volume, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue weight, and serum glucose and insulin at levels similar to those in the standard chow group, and prevented obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy, adipose inflammation, and insulin resistance induced by HFD. Our data suggest that four metabolic pathways, BCAA, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and phospholipid metabolic pathways, are altered in obesity and restriction of BCAAs within a HFD can prevent the development of obesity and insulin resistance in mice, providing a promising strategy to potentially mitigate diet-induced obesity.

Published
2022

39. A Randomised Controlled Trial of YOGa and Strengthening Exercise for Knee OsteoArthritis: Protocol for a Comparative Effectiveness Trial (YOGA Trial).

Author

Singh, A, Aitken, D, Moonaz, S, Palmer, AJ, Blizzard, L, Ding, C, Drummen, S, Jones, G, Bennell, K, Antony, B, Singh, A, Aitken, D, Moonaz, S, Palmer, AJ, Blizzard, L, Ding, C, Drummen, S, Jones, G, Bennell, K, and Antony, B

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disorder for which there is no cure. Current treatments are suboptimal. Exercise is a core treatment for knee OA, with muscle strengthening exercise commonly recommended. Yoga is a mind-body exercise intervention that can improve flexibility, muscle strength, balance, and fitness and potentially reduce symptoms of OA. However, there is a scarcity of robust, high-quality conclusive evidence on the efficacy of yoga in knee OA. We are currently conducting the first randomised comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of a yoga program compared with a strengthening exercise program in patients with symptomatic knee OA. This study protocol describes the design and conduct of this trial. The YOGA study is a phase III, single-centre, parallel, superiority, randomised, active-controlled trial which will be conducted in Hobart, Australia. One hundred and twenty-six participants (63 in each arm) aged over 40 years with symptomatic knee OA will be recruited from the community and randomly allocated to receive either a 24-week yoga program (3×/week) or a strengthening exercise program (3×/week). The primary outcome will be change in knee pain over 12 weeks, assessed using a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS). The secondary outcomes include change in knee pain, patient global assessment, physical function, quality of life, gait speed, biomarkers, and others over 12 and 24 weeks. We will also assess whether the presence of neuropathic pain moderates the effects of yoga compared to strengthening exercise. Additional data, such as cost and resource utilization, will be collected for the cost-effectiveness analysis. The primary analysis will be conducted using an intention-to-treat approach. Adverse events will be monitored throughout the study. Once completed, this trial will contribute to the knowledge of whether yoga can be used as a simple, effective, low-cost option for the management of knee OA, thus saving economic costs in t

Published
2022

41. POS0231 GENETIC BIOMARKERS, SNP GENES AND mtDNA HAPLOGROUPS, PREDICT OSTEOARTHRITIS STRUCTURAL PROGRESSORS THROUGH THE USE OF SUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING

Author

Bonakdari, H., primary, Pelletier, J. P., additional, Blanco, F. J., additional, Rego-Perez, I., additional, Durán-Sotuela, A., additional, Aitken, D., additional, Jones, G., additional, Cicuttini, F., additional, Jamshidi, A., additional, Abram, F., additional, and Martel-Pelletier, J., additional

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2022
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42. AB0994 Exploring knee osteoarthritis pain trajectories and movement-evoked pain changes during a 24-week outdoor walking program (WALK)

Author

Drummen, S., primary, Balogun, S., additional, Scheepers, L., additional, Munugoda, I., additional, Lahham, A., additional, Bennell, K., additional, Hinman, R., additional, Callisaya, M., additional, Cai, G., additional, Otahal, P., additional, Winzenberg, T., additional, Wang, Z., additional, Antony, B., additional, Martel-Pelletier, J., additional, Pelletier, J. P., additional, Abram, F., additional, Jones, G., additional, and Aitken, D., additional

Published
2022
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47. Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without diabetes: a prespecified analysis of the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES randomised controlled trial

Author

Ray, K, Colhoun, H, Szarek, M, Baccara-Dinet, M, Bhatt, D, Bittner, V, Budaj, A, Diaz, R, Goodman, S, Hanotin, C, Harrington, R, Jukema, J, Loizeau, V, Lopes, R, Moryusef, A, Murin, J, Pordy, R, Ristic, A, Roe, M, Tunon, J, White, H, Zeiher, A, Schwartz, G, Steg, P, Tricoci, P, Mahaffey, K, Edelberg, J, Lecorps, G, Sasiela, W, Tamby, J, Aylward, P, Drexel, H, Sinnaeve, P, Dilic, M, Gotcheva, N, Prieto, J, Yong, H, Lopez-Jaramillo, P, Pecin, I, Reiner, Z, Ostadal, P, Viigimaa, M, Nieminen, M, Chumburidze, V, Marx, N, Danchin, N, Liberopoulos, E, Montenegro Valdovinos, P, Tse, H, Kiss, R, Xavier, D, Zahger, D, Valgimigli, M, Kimura, T, Kim, H, Kim, S, Erglis, A, Laucevicius, A, Kedev, S, Yusoff, K, Ramos Lopez, G, Alings, M, Halvorsen, S, Correa Flores, R, Morais, J, Dorobantu, M, Karpov, Y, Chua, T, Fras, Z, Dalby, A, de Silva, H, Hagstrom, E, Landmesser, U, Chiang, C, Sritara, P, Guneri, S, Parkhomenko, A, Moriarty, P, Vogel, R, Chaitman, B, Kelsey, S, Olsson, A, Rouleau, J, Simoons, M, Alexander, K, Meloni, C, Rosenson, R, Sijbrands, E, Alexander, J, Armaganijan, L, Bagai, A, Bahit, M, Brennan, J, Clifton, S, Devore, A, Deloatch, S, Dickey, S, Dombrowski, K, Ducrocq, G, Eapen, Z, Endsley, P, Eppinger, A, Harrison, R, Hess, C, Hlatky, M, Jordan, J, Knowles, J, Kolls, B, Kong, D, Leonardi, S, Lillis, L, Maron, D, Marcus, J, Mathews, R, Mehta, R, Mentz, R, Moreira, H, Patel, C, Bernardez-Pereira, S, Perkins, L, Povsic, T, Puymirat, E, Schuyler Jones, W, Shah, B, Sherwood, M, Stringfellow, K, Sujjavanich, D, Toma, M, Trotter, C, Van Diepen, S, Wilson, M, Yan, A, Schiavi, L, Garrido, M, Alvarisqueta, A, Sassone, S, Bordonava, A, Alves De Lima, A, Schmidberg, J, Duronto, E, Caruso, O, Novaretto, L, Hominal, M, Montana, O, Caccavo, A, Gomez Vilamajo, O, Lorenzatti, A, Cartasegna, L, Paterlini, G, Mackinnon, I, Caime, G, Amuchastegui, M, Salomone, O, Codutti, O, Jure, H, Bono, J, Hrabar, A, Vallejos, J, Ahuad Guerrero, R, Novoa, F, Patocchi, C, Zaidman, C, Giuliano, M, Dran, R, Vico, M, Carnero, G, Guzman, P, Medrano Allende, J, Garcia Brasca, D, Bustamante Labarta, M, Nani, S, Blumberg, E, Colombo, H, Liberman, A, Fuentealba, V, Luciardi, H, Waisman, G, Berli, M, Garcia Duran, R, Cestari, H, Luquez, H, Giordano, J, Saavedra, S, Zapata, G, Costamagna, O, Llois, S, Waites, J, Collins, N, Soward, A, Hii, C, Shaw, J, Arstall, M, Horowitz, J, Ninio, D, Rogers, J, Colquhoun, D, Oqueli Flores, R, Roberts-Thomson, P, Raffel, O, Lehman, S, Aroney, C, Coverdale, S, Garrahy, P, Starmer, G, Sader, M, Carroll, P, Dick, R, Zweiker, R, Hoppe, U, Huber, K, Berger, R, Delle-Karth, G, Frey, B, Weidinger, F, Faes, D, Hermans, K, Pirenne, B, Leone, A, Hoffer, E, Vrolix, M, De Wolf, L, Wollaert, B, Castadot, M, Dujardin, K, Beauloye, C, Vervoort, G, Striekwold, H, Convens, C, Roosen, J, Barbato, E, Claeys, M, Cools, F, Terzic, I, Barakovic, F, Midzic, Z, Pojskic, B, Fazlibegovic, E, Kulic, M, Durak-Nalbantic, A, Vulic, D, Muslibegovic, A, Goronja, B, Reis, G, Sousa, L, Nicolau, J, Giorgeto, F, Silva, R, Nigro Maia, L, Rech, R, Rossi, P, Cerqueira, M, Duda, N, Kalil, R, Kormann, A, Abrantes, J, Pimentel Filho, P, Soggia, A, de Santos, M, Neuenschwander, F, Bodanese, L, Michalaros, Y, Eliaschewitz, F, Vidotti, M, Leaes, P, Botelho, R, Kaiser, S, Manenti, E, Precoma, D, Moura Jorge, J, de B Silva, P, Silveira, J, Saporito, W, Marin-Neto, J, Feitosa, G, Ritt, L, de Souza, J, Costa, F, Souza, W, Reis, H, Machado, L, Ayoub, J, Todorov, G, Nikolov, F, Velcheva, E, Tzekova, M, Benov, H, Petranov, S, Tumbev, H, Shehova-Yankova, N, Markov, D, Raev, D, Mollov, M, Kichukov, K, Ilieva-Pandeva, K, Ivanova, R, Gospodinov, M, Mincheva, V, Lazov, P, Dimov, B, Senaratne, M, Stone, J, Kornder, J, Pearce, S, Dion, D, Savard, D, Pesant, Y, Pandey, A, Robinson, S, Gosselin, G, Vizel, S, Hoag, G, Bourgeois, R, Morisset, A, Sabbah, E, Sussex, B, Kouz, S, Macdonald, P, Diaz, A, Michaud, N, Fell, D, Leung, R, Vuurmans, T, Lai, C, Nigro, F, Davies, R, Nogareda, G, Vijayaraghavan, R, Ducas, J, Lepage, S, Mehta, S, Cha, J, Dupuis, R, Fong, P, Lutchmedial, S, Rodes-Cabau, J, Fadlallah, H, Cleveland, D, Huynh, T, Bata, I, Hameed, A, Pincetti, C, Potthoff, S, Acevedo, M, Aguirre, A, Vejar, M, Yanez, M, Araneda, G, Fernandez, M, Perez, L, Varleta, P, Florenzano, F, Huidobro, L, Raffo, C, Olivares, C, Nahuelpan, L, Montecinos, H, Chen, J, Dong, Y, Huang, W, Wang, J, Huang, S, Yao, Z, Li, X, Cui, L, Lin, W, Sun, Y, Li, J, Zhang, X, Zhu, H, Chen, D, Huang, L, Dong, S, Su, G, Xu, B, Su, X, Cheng, X, Lin, J, Zong, W, Li, H, Feng, Y, Xu, D, Yang, X, Ke, Y, Lin, X, Zhang, Z, Zheng, Z, Luo, Z, Chen, Y, Ding, C, Zhong, Y, Zheng, Y, Peng, D, Zhao, S, Li, Y, Liu, X, Wei, M, Liu, S, Yu, Y, Qu, B, Jiang, W, Zhou, Y, Zhao, X, Yuan, Z, Guo, Y, Xu, X, Shi, X, Ge, J, Fu, G, Bai, F, Fang, W, Shou, X, Xiang, M, Lu, Q, Zhang, R, Zhu, J, Xu, Y, Fan, Z, Li, T, Wu, C, Jaramillo, N, Sanchez Vallejo, G, Luna Botia, D, Botero Lopez, R, Molina De Salazar, D, Cadena Bonfanti, A, 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S, Heidenreich, L, Offers, E, Gremmler, U, Killat, H, Rieker, W, Patsilinakos, S, Kartalis, A, Manolis, A, Sionis, D, Chachalis, G, Skoumas, I, Athyros, V, Vardas, P, Parthenakis, F, Alexopoulos, D, Hahalis, G, Lekakis, J, Hatzitolios, A, Fausto Ovando, S, Arango Benecke, J, Rodriguez De Leon, E, Yan, B, Siu, D, Turi, T, Merkely, B, Ungi, I, Lupkovics, G, Nagy, L, Katona, A, Edes, I, Muller, G, Horvath, I, Kapin, T, Szigeti, Z, Falukozy, J, Kumbla, M, Sandhu, M, Annam, S, Proddutur, N, Regella, R, Premchand, R, Mahajan, A, Pawar, S, Abhyanakar, A, Kerkar, P, Govinda, R, Oomman, A, Sinha, D, Patil, S, Kahali, D, Sawhney, J, Joshi, A, Chaudhary, S, Harkut, P, Guha, S, Porwal, S, Jujjuru, S, Pothineni, R, Monteiro, M, Khan, A, Iyengar, S, Grewal, J, Chopda, M, Fulwani, M, Patange, A, Sachin, P, Chopra, V, Goyal, N, Shinde, R, Manakshe, G, Patki, N, Sethi, S, Munusamy, V, Karna, S, Thanvi, S, Adhyapak, S, Patil, C, Pandurangi, U, Mathur, R, Gupta, J, Kalashetti, S, Bhagwat, A, Raghuraman, B, Yerra, S, Bhansali, P, Borse, R, Rahul, P, Das, S, Kumar, V, Abdullakutty, J, Saathe, S, Palimkar, P, Sathe, S, Atar, S, Shechter, M, Mosseri, M, Arbel, Y, Ehud, C, Ofer, H, Lotan, C, Rosenschein, U, Katz, A, Henkin, Y, Francis, A, Klutstein, M, Nikolsky, E, Zukermann, R, Turgeman, Y, Halabi, M, Marmor, A, Kornowski, R, Jonas, M, Amir, O, Hasin, Y, Rozenman, Y, Fuchs, S, Zvi, V, Hussein, O, Gavish, D, Vered, Z, Caraco, Y, Elias, M, Tov, N, Wolfovitz, E, Lishner, M, Elias, N, Piovaccari, G, De Pellegrin, A, Garbelotto, R, Guardigli, G, Marco, V, Licciardello, G, Auguadro, C, Scalise, F, Cuccia, C, Salvioni, A, Musumeci, G, Senni, M, Calabro, P, Novo, S, Faggiano, P, Metra, M, De Cesare, N, Berti, S, Cavallini, C, Puccioni, E, Galvani, M, Tespili, M, Piatti, P, Palvarini, M, De Luca, G, Violini, R, De Leo, A, Olivari, Z, Perrone Filardi, P, Ferratini, M, Racca, V, Dai, K, Shimatani, Y, Kamiya, H, Ando, K, Takeda, Y, Morino, Y, Hata, Y, Kimura, K, Kishi, K, Michishita, I, Uehara, H, 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A., and McClanahan M. A.

Abstract

Background: After acute coronary syndrome, diabetes conveys an excess risk of ischaemic cardiovascular events. A reduction in mean LDL cholesterol to 1·4–1·8 mmol/L with ezetimibe or statins reduces cardiovascular events in patients with an acute coronary syndrome and diabetes. However, the efficacy and safety of further reduction in LDL cholesterol with an inhibitor of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) after acute coronary syndrome is unknown. We aimed to explore this issue in a prespecified analysis of the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial of the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab, assessing its effects on cardiovascular outcomes by baseline glycaemic status, while also assessing its effects on glycaemic measures including risk of new-onset diabetes. Methods: ODYSSEY OUTCOMES was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, done at 1315 sites in 57 countries, that compared alirocumab with placebo in patients who had been admitted to hospital with an acute coronary syndrome (myocardial infarction or unstable angina) 1–12 months before randomisation and who had raised concentrations of atherogenic lipoproteins despite use of high-intensity statins. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive alirocumab or placebo every 2 weeks; randomisation was stratified by country and was done centrally with an interactive voice-response or web-response system. Alirocumab was titrated to target LDL cholesterol concentrations of 0·65–1·30 mmol/L. In this prespecified analysis, we investigated the effect of alirocumab on cardiovascular events by glycaemic status at baseline (diabetes, prediabetes, or normoglycaemia)—defined on the basis of patient history, review of medical records, or baseline HbA1c or fasting serum glucose—and risk of new-onset diabetes among those without diabetes at baseline. The primary endpoint was a composite of death from coronary heart disease, non-fatal myocardial infarction, fatal or non-fatal ischaemic stroke, or unstable angina requiring

Published
2019

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