11 results on '"Air side"'
Search Results
2. Characterization of Metallic Interconnects Extracted from Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks Operated up to 20,000 h in Real Life Conditions: The Air Side
- Author
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Giorgia Ghiara, Paolo Piccardo, Valeria Bongiorno, Christian Geipel, and Roberto Spotorno
- Subjects
SOFC ,interconnect ,MCO ,operating conditions ,air side ,Technology - Abstract
Metallic interconnects represent the main component of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack in terms of weight and volume. They are typically made of ferritic stainless steel (FSS) coated on the air side. At the stack operating conditions, the interconnect is exposed to a dual atmosphere: air at the cathode side; fuel (a hydrogen-rich mixture) at the anode side. The stacks considered in this study were field operated in reformed natural gas for 5000, 9000 and 20,000 h respectively. The analyzed interconnects are made from CROFER22APU and coated on the air side with Co-Mn base spinel. One interconnect has been studied for each stack by sampling and preparing cross section the inlet and outlet positions. The samples were characterized by SEM-EDXS in order to investigate the evolution of the interconnect at the air side. The interaction between the metal substrate and the coating is investigated highlighting the formation of chromia based thermal grown oxide (at the FSS/coating interface) and the solid-state diffusion of Cr and Fe from the metal into the coating. The microstructural features evolving as a function of time are also quantified.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Interactions near the triple-phase boundaries metal/glass/air in planar solid oxide fuel cells.
- Author
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Fakouri Hasanabadi, M., Kokabi, A.H., Nemati, A., and Zinatlou Ajabshir, S.
- Subjects
- *
SOLID oxide fuel cells , *GEOGRAPHIC boundaries , *METALLIC oxides , *SILICATES , *MICROSTRUCTURE , *GLASS - Abstract
The possible interactions near the triple-phase boundaries (TPB) metal/glass/air, and their effects on joint strength are investigated. Two types of samples (joined couples and glass coated coupons) are prepared with the coupon of AISI 430 (nickel plated and uncoated) and a slurry of compliant silicate sealing glass (SCN-1). The joined and coated samples are heated at 850 °C for 1000 h in air. The joined couples are cooled using two different schedules and then tested in uniaxial tension. For investigating the metal-oxides precipitation procedure in glass near the TPB, glass coated coupons are either cooled at the rate of 5 °C min −1 or water-quenched from aging temperature. The mechanical test results and microstructural observations show that the spread and accelerated breakaway oxidation near TPB, which is due to continuous oxidation and dissolution of ferritic stainless steel (FSS) into the glass, leads to decreased and scattered low temperature joint strengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Sistema de gestión de acceso del pasajero al control de seguridad de un aeropuerto
- Author
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automàtica i Informàtica Industrial, Llanas Parra, Francesc Xavier, Gaspar Fernández, Cristina, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automàtica i Informàtica Industrial, Llanas Parra, Francesc Xavier, and Gaspar Fernández, Cristina
- Abstract
Las instalaciones aeroportuarias, hoy en día, son un foco de gran volumen de personas. Un aeropuerto se divide en dos partes: el lado aire, el cual lo incluyen las zonas de embarque, y el lado tierra, la zona de facturación de las aerolíneas, entre otras cosas. El conducto para poder cruzar de un lado a otro, son los controles de seguridad. Cada año, los controles de seguridad se ven afectados debido a que la frecuencia y la demanda de vuelos se incrementan. Analizando la situación actual, se considera que se pueden mejorar sus sistemas de manera que haya una flexibilidad para poder absorber con eficiencia el flujo de pasajeros. Dicho esto, este trabajo de final de carrera, tratará de diseñar y desarrollar una aplicación que mejorará el tiempo de espera en las colas de la zona del acceso del control de seguridad. Este documento se va a dividir en cinco grandes bloques: objetivos y motivación, planteamiento, el diseño, implementación del diseño y líneas futuras. En el bloque del planteamiento, tratará de definir toda la descripción del diseño de la aplicación, la cual será implementada con módulos ESP32, entre otros dispositivos electrónicos. También se podrá visualizar una representación en 3D de dicho diseño, con la finalidad de que el lector pueda comprender dicha descripción. En el bloque del diseño, se hablará de todo el desarrollo del diseño hardware y software. Es decir, toda la explicación de la funcionalidad de cada dispositivo electrónico utilizado para la aplicación y la programación informática que se ha creado para ejecutar dichos dispositivos. En el bloque de implementación del diseño, se visualizará la parte práctica de este proyecto, el cual se basa en demostrar el funcionamiento de la aplicación creada. Así pues se mostrarán diferentes imágenes de los diferentes módulos. Finalmente, se explicará, en un futuro, la implementación de dicho diseño en un escenario real, como es un aeropuerto. En este mismo apartado, se detallarán los beneficios que podría, Nowadays airport facilities are a focus of a high volume of people. Airports are divided in two parts: air-side, where you can find boarding gates and land-side where you can find the check-in staff. The way to go through these two parts is the security control. Each year security controls are affected by the increasing volume and frequency of passengers. Analyzing this situation, is considered that these systems could be improved so they can be more flexible and absorb efficiently the passenger flow. That said, this degree final thesis will try to design and develop an application which will improve the waiting time in the queues of the security filter. This document will be divided in five blocks: motivation and objectives, approach, design, design implementation and future lines. The approach block will try to define the whole description of the application design, which will be implemented with ESP32 modules among other electronic devices. Also, a 3D representation of the design will be shown, so the reader can understand this description. On the design block, the design of the hardware and software development will be treated. That is the whole explanation of each device functionality used for these application and the computer programming developed to execute those devices. On the design implementation block, find the practical part of the project will be presented, which is a demonstration of the application operation, so different images of each block will be shown. On the last block, the future lines of the project will be explained. These future lines are mainly the implementation of the design presented on that work but considering a real scenario. In this block the pros of the project will be detailed and also the adaptations that it will need for its implementation.
- Published
- 2021
5. Sistema de gestión de acceso del pasajero al control de seguridad de un aeropuerto
- Author
-
Gaspar Fernández, Cristina, Llanas Parra, Francesc Xavier, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automàtica i Informàtica Industrial
- Subjects
Land side ,Informàtica::Automàtica i control [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Conexión remota ( Comunicación WiFi ) ,Tarifa BÁSICA ,Lado aire ,Aeroports -- Mesures de seguretat ,Lado tierra ,Mejora del tiempo en las esperas ,Security control ,Software design ,Air side ,Aeroports -- Serveis als clients ,Diseño software ,Improved waiting time ,Diseño hardware ,Remote connection (WiFi communication) ,Basic rate ,Graphical user interfaces (Computer systems) ,FAST TRACK ,Electrònica -- Aparells i instruments ,Wireless communication systems ,Enginyeria electrònica::Microelectrònica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Electronic instruments ,Comunicació sense fil, Sistemes de ,Control de seguridad ,ESP32 ,Interfícies gràfiques d'usuari (Informàtica) ,Hardware design - Abstract
Las instalaciones aeroportuarias, hoy en día, son un foco de gran volumen de personas. Un aeropuerto se divide en dos partes: el lado aire, el cual lo incluyen las zonas de embarque, y el lado tierra, la zona de facturación de las aerolíneas, entre otras cosas. El conducto para poder cruzar de un lado a otro, son los controles de seguridad. Cada año, los controles de seguridad se ven afectados debido a que la frecuencia y la demanda de vuelos se incrementan. Analizando la situación actual, se considera que se pueden mejorar sus sistemas de manera que haya una flexibilidad para poder absorber con eficiencia el flujo de pasajeros. Dicho esto, este trabajo de final de carrera, tratará de diseñar y desarrollar una aplicación que mejorará el tiempo de espera en las colas de la zona del acceso del control de seguridad. Este documento se va a dividir en cinco grandes bloques: objetivos y motivación, planteamiento, el diseño, implementación del diseño y líneas futuras. En el bloque del planteamiento, tratará de definir toda la descripción del diseño de la aplicación, la cual será implementada con módulos ESP32, entre otros dispositivos electrónicos. También se podrá visualizar una representación en 3D de dicho diseño, con la finalidad de que el lector pueda comprender dicha descripción. En el bloque del diseño, se hablará de todo el desarrollo del diseño hardware y software. Es decir, toda la explicación de la funcionalidad de cada dispositivo electrónico utilizado para la aplicación y la programación informática que se ha creado para ejecutar dichos dispositivos. En el bloque de implementación del diseño, se visualizará la parte práctica de este proyecto, el cual se basa en demostrar el funcionamiento de la aplicación creada. Así pues se mostrarán diferentes imágenes de los diferentes módulos. Finalmente, se explicará, en un futuro, la implementación de dicho diseño en un escenario real, como es un aeropuerto. En este mismo apartado, se detallarán los beneficios que podría aportar a un aeropuerto y las modificaciones que se deberían realizar para su implementación. Nowadays airport facilities are a focus of a high volume of people. Airports are divided in two parts: air-side, where you can find boarding gates and land-side where you can find the check-in staff. The way to go through these two parts is the security control. Each year security controls are affected by the increasing volume and frequency of passengers. Analyzing this situation, is considered that these systems could be improved so they can be more flexible and absorb efficiently the passenger flow. That said, this degree final thesis will try to design and develop an application which will improve the waiting time in the queues of the security filter. This document will be divided in five blocks: motivation and objectives, approach, design, design implementation and future lines. The approach block will try to define the whole description of the application design, which will be implemented with ESP32 modules among other electronic devices. Also, a 3D representation of the design will be shown, so the reader can understand this description. On the design block, the design of the hardware and software development will be treated. That is the whole explanation of each device functionality used for these application and the computer programming developed to execute those devices. On the design implementation block, find the practical part of the project will be presented, which is a demonstration of the application operation, so different images of each block will be shown. On the last block, the future lines of the project will be explained. These future lines are mainly the implementation of the design presented on that work but considering a real scenario. In this block the pros of the project will be detailed and also the adaptations that it will need for its implementation.
- Published
- 2021
6. air side
- Author
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Herrmann, Helmut and Bucksch, Herbert
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Influence of residual compressive stress on nanoindentation response of ion-exchanged aluminosilicate float glass on air and tin sides.
- Author
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Li, Xiaoyu, Jiang, Liangbao, Zhang, Xiaowen, and Yan, Yue
- Subjects
- *
GLASS , *ALUMINUM silicates , *MATERIALS compression testing , *NANOINDENTATION tests , *ION exchange (Chemistry) , *MECHANICAL behavior of materials - Abstract
Abstract: The effect of the surface compressive stress (CS) on the hardness and Young's modulus of the ion-exchanged aluminosilicate float glass on air and tin sides are investigated. The hardness and Young's modulus are experimentally measured by nanoindentation. As a result, the surface hardness and Young's modulus of aluminosilicate float glass can be enhanced by chemical strengthening. The hardness increases with an increase in the CS, whereas Young's modulus is not obviously influenced by CS. The hardness and Young's modulus on the air and tin sides are almost the same before ion exchange. However, the tin side always has greater hardness than the air side after the ion exchange. The results would be useful in guiding the strengthening process of float glass by one step ion-exchange or two step ion-exchange to obtain engineered stress profile (ESP) glasses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Different K+–Na+ inter-diffusion kinetics between the air side and tin side of an ion-exchanged float aluminosilicate glass
- Author
-
Jiang, Liangbao, Guo, Xintao, Li, Xiaoyu, Li, Lei, Zhang, Guanli, and Yan, Yue
- Subjects
- *
SODIUM ions , *DIFFUSION , *CHEMICAL kinetics , *AIR , *TIN , *ION exchange (Chemistry) , *ALUMINUM silicates , *GLASS - Abstract
Abstract: The difference between the inter-diffusion kinetics of K+–Na+ in the air and tin sides of an ion-exchanged float aluminosilicate glass was investigated as a function of the exchange temperature and time. The potassium concentration profiles of the ion-exchanged glass surface were experimentally measured by electron microprobe analysis, and the diffusion coefficient was calculated by the Boltzmann-Montano approach. On the tin side of the ion-exchanged glass, the diffusion of K+–Na+ ions is hindered by tin. The diffusion coefficient is also more sensitive to temperature and time on the tin than on the air sides. The results would be useful in guiding the strengthening process of float glass by one step ion-exchange or two step ion-exchange to obtain engineered stress profile (ESP) glasses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Optical properties of soda-lime float glass from spectroscopic ellipsometry
- Author
-
Synowicki, Ron A., Johs, Blaine D., and Martin, Andrew C.
- Subjects
- *
OPTICAL properties , *GLASS , *ELLIPSOMETRY , *REFRACTIVE index , *DOUBLE refraction , *ABSORPTION , *THICKNESS measurement - Abstract
Abstract: Optical properties of soda-lime glass manufactured by the float process were investigated using spectroscopic ellipsometry and intensity transmission measurements. Thickness and optical properties of surface layers on the air and tin sides were determined with ellipsometry. The tin side surface layer shows a graded refractive index with a non-linear profile. Intensity transmission data were used to quantify absorption in the bulk glass. Transmission-mode generalized ellipsometry characterized residual birefringence in the bulk glass. Birefringence effects on ellipsometric delta data were corrected using a simple empirical offset with 1/wavelength dependence. A general optical model for soda-lime glass is presented which can be used for subsequent analysis of coated soda-lime glass and other transparent substrates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Experimental study of the air side performance of louver and wave fin-and-tube coils
- Author
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Saiz Jabardo, J.M., Bastos Zoghbi Filho, J.R., and Salamanca, A.
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC coils , *MAGNETIC circuits , *HEAT transfer , *TRIBOLOGY - Abstract
Abstract: The present paper reports results from an investigation of the air side thermal performance of fin-and-tube coils with herringbone-wavy and convex-louver fins. The tube diameter of the tested coils was 12.7mm. Coils with different fin pitch and tube rows have been tested in order to determine their effect over the thermal performance. In addition, the performance of the convex-louver fins has been evaluated with respect to that of the wavy fins according to the Webb VG1 procedure. The collar diameter Reynolds number covered in the tests varied from 1000 to 6000, corresponding to face velocities of 1–6m/s. It has been found that the fin pitch affects lightly the heat transfer coefficient, its value being incremented of the order of 10% by reducing the fin pitch from 3.17mm to 1.81mm. Opposite trends have been found for the friction factor of wavy and louver fins regarding the effect of the fin pitch. The thermal performance is not affected by the number of tube rows in either of the fin configurations in coils for more than two rows. One and two row coils present non-negligible differences either with respect to the Colburn or friction factors. It has been found that area reductions in louver with respect to wavy fins can attain values of the order of 30% for Reynolds number of the order of 1000 and fin pitch of 3.17mm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Characterization of Metallic Interconnects Extracted from Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks Operated up to 20,000 h in Real Life Conditions: The Air Side.
- Author
-
Ghiara, Giorgia, Piccardo, Paolo, Bongiorno, Valeria, Geipel, Christian, and Spotorno, Roberto
- Subjects
- *
SOLID oxide fuel cells , *AIR conditioning , *FERRITIC steel , *METAL coating - Abstract
Metallic interconnects represent the main component of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack in terms of weight and volume. They are typically made of ferritic stainless steel (FSS) coated on the air side. At the stack operating conditions, the interconnect is exposed to a dual atmosphere: air at the cathode side; fuel (a hydrogen-rich mixture) at the anode side. The stacks considered in this study were field operated in reformed natural gas for 5000, 9000 and 20,000 h respectively. The analyzed interconnects are made from CROFER22APU and coated on the air side with Co-Mn base spinel. One interconnect has been studied for each stack by sampling and preparing cross section the inlet and outlet positions. The samples were characterized by SEM-EDXS in order to investigate the evolution of the interconnect at the air side. The interaction between the metal substrate and the coating is investigated highlighting the formation of chromia based thermal grown oxide (at the FSS/coating interface) and the solid-state diffusion of Cr and Fe from the metal into the coating. The microstructural features evolving as a function of time are also quantified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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