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A rear seat gunner in a slower propeller airplane, common in the First and Second World Wars, may become a more common means to counter drone threats in 2025. An [...]

Even before Far East Air Forces formed on 31 July 1944, airpower had played a key role in securing America's interests in the Asia-Pacific. The nation's Pacific Air Forces (PACAF) [...]

Opposition to the development of S-300 air defence system for the army, navy and airforce of Russia is discussed.

Mark Hebeisen, Gilles Martin, and Bernhard Gerwert among other executive and military leaders are interviewed for their views on air defense systems. It is revealed that there is difference in the approach to developments in defense systems in the US and Europe.

The operations-research basis for the Royal Netherlands Navy's naval air warfare planning is analyzed.

Byline: John C. Chen, Dan L. Serna, Matt Brenner, Ledford L. Powell, Joseph Huh, Robert McKenna, Richard J. Fischel, Arthur Gelb, Jill Monti, Tanya Burney, Mark D. Gaon, Henry Aryan, Archie Wilson Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate in an elastase-induced emphysema rabbit model the effects of increasing resection volumes during lung volume reduction surgery on pulmonary compliance, forced expiratory air flow, and diffusing capacity to assess factors limiting optimal resection. Methods: Emphysema was induced in 68 New Zealand White rabbits with 15,000 units of aerosolized elastase. Static respiratory system compliance, forced expiratory flow, and single-breath diffusing capacity were measured before the induction of emphysema, after the induction of emphysema, and 1 week after a bilateral upper and middle lobe lung volume reduction operation. Results: Static respiratory system compliance with 60 mL insufflation above functional residual capacity increased with emphysema induction and then decreased progressively with resection of larger volumes of lung tissue (P = .001 by analysis of variance). Expiratory flow improved after lung resection in the rabbits with large resection volumes. In contrast, diffusing capacity tended to deteriorate with larger resection volumes (P = .18). Conclusion: Improvements in respiratory system compliance and forced expiratory flow after lung volume reduction operations may account for the improvements seen clinically. Declines in diffusing capacity with extensive lung reduction may limit the clinical benefits associated with greater tissue resection volumes. Future investigations with animal models may reveal other physiologic parameters that may further guide optimal lung volume reduction procedures. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999;117:728-35) Author Affiliation: University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, Calif, Divisions of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and Beckman Laser Institute, Irvine, Calif. Article History: Received 8 May 1998; Revised 14 July 1998; Revised 23 October 1998; Accepted 9 December 1998 Article Note: (footnote) [star] Supported by DOE grant DE-FG03-91ER61, ALA grant CI-030-17, CTRDRP grant 6RT0158, Chapman Medical Center Research Grant, and American College of Surgeons Faculty Research Grant., [star][star] Address for reprints: Matthew Brenner, MD, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of California Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Dr, Building 53, Room 119, Orange, CA 92868-3298., a 12/6/96403

Byline: Joseph Huh, Matthew Brenner, John C. Chen, Benedict Yoong, Adam Gassel, Fernando Katie, Jeffrey C. Milliken, Robert McKenna, Richard J. Fischel, Arthur Gelb, Archie F. Wilson Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of lung volume reduction surgery on pulmonary compliance, airway flow, and helium lung volumes in an elastase-induced emphysema animal model. Methods: A 15,000-unit bolus of elastase was aerosolized through an endotracheal tube in 14 New Zealand White rabbits to induce emphysema. Stapled lung volume reduction of bilateral upper and middle lobes was performed through a midline sternotomy at 4 weeks after induction of emphysema. Lung functions were measured at baseline before induction of emphysema, preoperatively at 4 weeks, and 1 week postoperatively. Results: Compliance increased after induction of emphysema and decreased in response to lung volume reduction surgery. Functional residual capacity decreased after lung volume reduction surgery in proportion to the amount of excised lung tissue. Expired flows suggested improvement in response to lung volume reduction surgery. Histologic examination confirmed presence of diffuse heterogeneous emphysema in each animal at necropsy. Conclusions: The decreased compliance and increased airway flow after volume reduction surgery in this model parallels findings in human studies and suggests that similar mechanisms of increased elastic recoil and airway support contribute to improvement. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998;115:328-35) Article History: Received 7 May 1997; Revised 24 September 1997; Accepted 7 October 1997 Article Note: (footnote) [star] From the University of California Irvine Medical Center, the Divisions of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Pulmonary Medicine, and Beckman Laser Institute, Irvine, Calif., [star][star] Supported by DOE grant DE-FG03-91ER61, ALA grant CI-030-17, CTRDRP 6RT0158, and Chapman Medical Center Research Grant., a revisions requested August 18, 1997, aa Address for reprints: Matthew Brenner, MD, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of California Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Dr., Orange, CA 92868-3298., acents 12/6/86720

Hezbollah rocket launchers are a primary target for the Israeli air force's F-15s, F-16s and bevy of unmanned aircraft, which are all fitted with electro-optical/infrared sensors to spot and engage those targets. And, while launchers are taken down daily, the rate of Hezbollah operations appears unaffected, and there are signs of potential escalation in the projectiles lethality and range.

The author examines the state of Iraq's air defenses. Topics include number and types of antiaircraft artillery and missiles, use of fiber optic networks for military communications, and number and type of military aircraft.

A high-ranking Israeli air force officer says the UK and USA should becareful when absorbing the lessons from the recent Iraq war, because they were not faced with a fully [...]

Missile defences IT COULD not be described as a success. An interceptor missile missed an incoming dummy warhead by six seconds, meaning that the test failed. But even those who [...]

"Fire when ready." At the commander's order, a dozen high-powered lasers shoot their blue-green beams from the Imperial battle station Death Star. The beams converge on a point, and merge […]

A recent report on the Persian Gulf tragedy where the U.S. downed an Iranian airliner is said to exonerate the Aegis command and control system, an indication that it still [...]

An analysis of several international air defense networks reveals guidelines for designing automated command, control, communications, and intelligence systems. Considerations involved in systems design include connectivity, positional information, man-machine interface, organizational integrity, and adaptability through networks., One Exception? Looking over those 30 years of experience, one class of automated C.sup.3I systems has been singularly successful--air defense systems. Breakthrough began with the USAF's Semiautomatic Ground Environment (SAGE) [...]

Analysts believe that the series of air and missile defense exercises conducted by Iran from November 22 to 27, 2009, are only revealing severe defects in its capability to protect its aerial territory, owing to the age and technical deficiencies in its systems. They state that simulated attacks by Iran could breach its air defenses, suggesting that they would not be able to deter the sophisticated air and electronic warfare systems operated by the United States or Israel.