126 results on '"Ainsaar, Mare"'
Search Results
2. Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Estonia
- Author
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Ainsaar, Mare, Roots, Ave, Lafleur, Jean-Michel, editor, and Vintila, Daniela, editor
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- 2020
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- View/download PDF
3. Estonia
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Ainsaar, Mare, primary, Roots, Ave, additional, and Kõre, Jüri, additional
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- 2021
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4. Regional Outlook
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Ainsaar, Mare, primary and Roots, Ave, additional
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- 2021
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- View/download PDF
5. Cost of childcare: evolution of regional diversity in Estonia
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Ainsaar, Mare, primary
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
6. Do women in power avoid making cuts to child welfare during an economic recession?
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Ainsaar, Mare, primary, Soo, Kadri, additional, and Toomla, Rein, additional
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- 2020
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7. Economic Recession and Changes in the Estonian Welfare State: An Occasion Not to Waste a Good Crisis
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Ainsaar, Mare, Kesselmann, Liisa-Evi, Schubert, Klaus, editor, de Villota, Paloma, editor, and Kuhlmann, Johanna, editor
- Published
- 2016
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- View/download PDF
8. European Demographic Change and Welfare Challenges
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Ainsaar, Mare, Rootalu, Kadri, Schubert, Klaus, editor, de Villota, Paloma, editor, and Kuhlmann, Johanna, editor
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- 2016
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- View/download PDF
9. The welfare system in Estonia
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Ainsaar, Mare, primary, Roots, Ave, additional, and Trumm, Avo, additional
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- 2019
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10. Estonian National Mental Health Study: Design and methods for a registry‐linked longitudinal survey
- Author
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Laidra, Kaia, primary, Reile, Rainer, additional, Havik, Merle, additional, Leinsalu, Mall, additional, Murd, Carolina, additional, Tulviste, Jaan, additional, Tamson, Merili, additional, Akkermann, Kirsti, additional, Kreegipuu, Kairi, additional, Sultson, Hedvig, additional, Ainsaar, Mare, additional, Uusberg, Andero, additional, Rahno, Jaana, additional, Panov, Liisi, additional, Leetmaa, Kadri, additional, Aasa, Anto, additional, Veidebaum, Toomas, additional, Lehto, Kelli, additional, and Konstabel, Kenn, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions: Evidence from 37 Countries
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Olsson, Maria IT, Olsson, Maria IT, Van Grootel, Sanne, Block, Katharina, Schuster, Karolin, Meeussen, Loes, Van Laar, Collete, Schmader, Toni, Croft, Alyssa, Shuyi Sun, Molly, Ainsaar, Mare, Aarntzen, Lianne, Adamus, Magdalena, Anderson, Joel, Atkinson, Ciara, Avicenna, Mohamed, Bąbel, Przemysław, Barth, Markus, Benson‐Greenwald, Tessa M, Maloku, Edona, Berent, Jacques, Bergsieker, Hilary B, Biernat, Monica, Bîrneanu, Andreea G, Bodinaku, Blerta, Bosak, Janine, Bosson, Jennifer, Branković, Marija, Burkauska, Julius, Čavojová, Vladimíra, Cheryan, Sapna, Choi, Eunsoo, Choi, Incheol, Contreras‐Ibáñez, Carlos C, Coogan, Andrew, Danyliuk, Ivan, Dar‐Nimrod, Ilan, Dasgupta, Nilanjana, de Lemus, Soledad, Devos, Thierry, Diab, Marwan, Diekman, Amanda B, Efremova, Maria, Eisner, Léïla, Eller, Anja, Erentaite, Rasa, Fedáková, Denisa, Franc, Renata, Gartzia, Leire, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gecaite‐Stonciene, Julija, Germano, Adriana L, Giovannelli, Ilaria, Gismondi Diaz, Renzo, Gitikhmayeva, Lyudmila, Menkir Gizaw, Abiy, Gjoneska, Biljana, Martínez González, Omar, González, Roberto, Grijalva, Isaac David, Güngör, Derya, Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, Hall, William, Harb, Charles, Hassan, Bushra, Hässler, Tabea, Hawi, Diala R, Henningsen, Levke, Hoppe, Annedore, Ishii, Keiko, Jasini, Alba, Jurkevičienė, Jurgita, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Kirby, Teri A, Kitakaji, Yoko, Kosakowska‐Berezecka, Natasza, Kozytska, Inna, Kulich, Klara, Kundtová‐Klocová, Eva, Kunuroglu, Filiz, Lapytskaia Aidy, Christina, Lee, Albert, Lindqvist, Anna, López‐López, Wilson, Luzvinda, Liany, Maricchiolo, Fridanna, Martinot, Delphine, McNamara, Rita Anne, Meister, Alyson, Lemma Melka, Tizita, Mickuviene, Narseta, Miranda‐Orrego, María Isabel, Mkamwa, Thadeus, Morandini, James, Morton, Thomas, Mrisho, David, Nikitin, Jana, Otten, Sabine, Giuseppina Pacilli, Maria, Page‐Gould, Elizabeth, Perandrés, Ana, Pizarro, Jon, Pop-Jordanova, Nada, Pyrkosz‐Pacyna, Joanna, Quta, Sameir, Ravis, TamilSelvan, Rani, Nitya, Redersdorff, Sandrine, Régner, Isabelle, Renström, Emma A, Rivera‐Rodriguez, Adrian, Rocha, Sánchez Tania Esmeralda, Ryabichenko, Tatiana, Saab, Rim, Sakata, Kiriko, Samekin, Adil, Sánchez‐Pachecho, Tracy, Scheifele, Carolin, Schulmeyer, Marion K, Sczesny, Sabine, Sirlopú, David, Smith‐Castro, Vanessa, Soo, Kadri, Spaccatini, Federica, Steele, Jennifer R, Steffens, Melanie C, Sucic, Ines, Vandello, Joseph, Velásquez‐Díaz, Laura Maria, Vink, Melissa, Vives, Eva, Zalalam Warkineh, Turuwark, Žeželj, Iris, Zhang, Xiaoxiao, Zhao, Xian, Martiny, Sarah E, Jakšić, Ivana M., Olsson, Maria IT, Olsson, Maria IT, Van Grootel, Sanne, Block, Katharina, Schuster, Karolin, Meeussen, Loes, Van Laar, Collete, Schmader, Toni, Croft, Alyssa, Shuyi Sun, Molly, Ainsaar, Mare, Aarntzen, Lianne, Adamus, Magdalena, Anderson, Joel, Atkinson, Ciara, Avicenna, Mohamed, Bąbel, Przemysław, Barth, Markus, Benson‐Greenwald, Tessa M, Maloku, Edona, Berent, Jacques, Bergsieker, Hilary B, Biernat, Monica, Bîrneanu, Andreea G, Bodinaku, Blerta, Bosak, Janine, Bosson, Jennifer, Branković, Marija, Burkauska, Julius, Čavojová, Vladimíra, Cheryan, Sapna, Choi, Eunsoo, Choi, Incheol, Contreras‐Ibáñez, Carlos C, Coogan, Andrew, Danyliuk, Ivan, Dar‐Nimrod, Ilan, Dasgupta, Nilanjana, de Lemus, Soledad, Devos, Thierry, Diab, Marwan, Diekman, Amanda B, Efremova, Maria, Eisner, Léïla, Eller, Anja, Erentaite, Rasa, Fedáková, Denisa, Franc, Renata, Gartzia, Leire, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gecaite‐Stonciene, Julija, Germano, Adriana L, Giovannelli, Ilaria, Gismondi Diaz, Renzo, Gitikhmayeva, Lyudmila, Menkir Gizaw, Abiy, Gjoneska, Biljana, Martínez González, Omar, González, Roberto, Grijalva, Isaac David, Güngör, Derya, Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, Hall, William, Harb, Charles, Hassan, Bushra, Hässler, Tabea, Hawi, Diala R, Henningsen, Levke, Hoppe, Annedore, Ishii, Keiko, Jasini, Alba, Jurkevičienė, Jurgita, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Kirby, Teri A, Kitakaji, Yoko, Kosakowska‐Berezecka, Natasza, Kozytska, Inna, Kulich, Klara, Kundtová‐Klocová, Eva, Kunuroglu, Filiz, Lapytskaia Aidy, Christina, Lee, Albert, Lindqvist, Anna, López‐López, Wilson, Luzvinda, Liany, Maricchiolo, Fridanna, Martinot, Delphine, McNamara, Rita Anne, Meister, Alyson, Lemma Melka, Tizita, Mickuviene, Narseta, Miranda‐Orrego, María Isabel, Mkamwa, Thadeus, Morandini, James, Morton, Thomas, Mrisho, David, Nikitin, Jana, Otten, Sabine, Giuseppina Pacilli, Maria, Page‐Gould, Elizabeth, Perandrés, Ana, Pizarro, Jon, Pop-Jordanova, Nada, Pyrkosz‐Pacyna, Joanna, Quta, Sameir, Ravis, TamilSelvan, Rani, Nitya, Redersdorff, Sandrine, Régner, Isabelle, Renström, Emma A, Rivera‐Rodriguez, Adrian, Rocha, Sánchez Tania Esmeralda, Ryabichenko, Tatiana, Saab, Rim, Sakata, Kiriko, Samekin, Adil, Sánchez‐Pachecho, Tracy, Scheifele, Carolin, Schulmeyer, Marion K, Sczesny, Sabine, Sirlopú, David, Smith‐Castro, Vanessa, Soo, Kadri, Spaccatini, Federica, Steele, Jennifer R, Steffens, Melanie C, Sucic, Ines, Vandello, Joseph, Velásquez‐Díaz, Laura Maria, Vink, Melissa, Vives, Eva, Zalalam Warkineh, Turuwark, Žeželj, Iris, Zhang, Xiaoxiao, Zhao, Xian, Martiny, Sarah E, and Jakšić, Ivana M.
- Abstract
Despite global commitments and efforts, a gender-based division of paid and unpaid work persists. To identify how psychological factors, national policies, and the broader sociocultural context contribute to this inequality, we assessed parental-leave intentions in young adults (18–30 years old) planning to have children (N = 13,942; 8,880 identified as women; 5,062 identified as men) across 37 countries that varied in parental-leave policies and societal gender equality. In all countries, women intended to take longer leave than men. National parental-leave policies and women's political representation partially explained cross-national variations in the gender gap. Gender gaps in leave intentions were paradoxically larger in countries with more gender-egalitarian parental-leave policies (i.e., longer leave available to both fathers and mothers). Interestingly, this cross-national variation in the gender gap was driven by cross-national variations in women's (rather than men's) leave intentions. Financially generous leave and gender-egalitarian policies (linked to men's higher uptake in prior research) were not associated with leave intentions in men. Rather, men's leave intentions were related to their individual gender attitudes. Leave intentions were inversely related to career ambitions. The potential for existing policies to foster gender equality in paid and unpaid work is discussed.
- Published
- 2023
12. Estonian National Mental Health Study : Design and methods for a registry‐linked longitudinal survey
- Author
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Laidra, Kaia, Reile, Rainer, Havik, Merle, Leinsalu, Mall, Murd, Carolina, Tulviste, Jaan, Tamson, Merili, Akkermann, Kirsti, Kreegipuu, Kairi, Sultson, Hedvig, Ainsaar, Mare, Uusberg, Andero, Rahno, Jaana, Panov, Liisi, Leetmaa, Kadri, Aasa, Anto, Veidebaum, Toomas, Lehto, Kelli, Konstabel, Kenn, Laidra, Kaia, Reile, Rainer, Havik, Merle, Leinsalu, Mall, Murd, Carolina, Tulviste, Jaan, Tamson, Merili, Akkermann, Kirsti, Kreegipuu, Kairi, Sultson, Hedvig, Ainsaar, Mare, Uusberg, Andero, Rahno, Jaana, Panov, Liisi, Leetmaa, Kadri, Aasa, Anto, Veidebaum, Toomas, Lehto, Kelli, and Konstabel, Kenn
- Abstract
Objectives The Estonian National Mental Health Study (EMHS) was conducted in 2021–2022 to provide population-wide data on mental health in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. The main objective of this paper is to describe the rationale, design, and methods of the EMHS and to evaluate the survey response. Methods Regionally representative stratified random sample of 20,000 persons aged 15 years and older was drawn from the Estonian Population Register for the study. Persons aged 18 years and older at the time of the sampling were enrolled into three survey waves where they were invited to complete an online or postal questionnaire about mental well-being and disorders, and behavioral, cognitive, and other risk factors. Persons younger than 18 years of age were invited to fill an anonymous online questionnaire starting from wave 2. To complement and validate survey data, data on socio-demographic, health-related, and environmental variables were collected from six national administrative databases and registries. Additionally, a subsample was enrolled into a validation study using ecological momentary assessment. Results In total, 5636 adults participated in the survey wave 1, 3751 in wave 2, and 4744 in wave 3. Adjusted response rates were 30.6%, 21.1%, and 27.6%, respectively. Women and older age groups were more likely to respond. Throughout the three survey waves, a considerable share of adult respondents screened positive for depression (27.6%, 25.1%, and 25.6% in waves 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Women and young adults aged 18 to 29 years had the highest prevalence of depression symptoms. Conclusions The registry-linked longitudinal EMHS dataset comprises a rich and trustworthy data source to allow in-depth analysis of mental health outcomes and their correlates among the Estonian population. The study serves as an evidence base for planning mental health policies and prevention measures for possible future crises.
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- 2023
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13. Well-being and environmental quality: Does pollution affect life satisfaction?
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Orru, Kati, Orru, Hans, Maasikmets, Marek, Hendrikson, Reigo, and Ainsaar, Mare
- Published
- 2016
14. Life Satisfaction of Immigrants and Length of Stay in the New Country.
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Ainsaar, Mare
- Subjects
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LIFE satisfaction , *SOCIAL contact , *SUBJECTIVE well-being (Psychology) , *IMMIGRANTS , *SOCIAL interaction , *WELL-being - Abstract
A large amount of research is dedicated to the measurement of immigration trends and integration processes, but comparative studies of the components of immigrants' well-being are rare. This paper investigates the link between the length of stay and the subjective well-being (SWB) of immigrants. A step-by-step regression method is used to understand interactions between different individual- and macro-level factors in the life satisfaction of immigrants. The results of the European Social Survey (ESS) show that the effect of length of stay on SWB is mitigated by numerous individual- and country-level variables. After all background variables are considered, newly arrived immigrants and those who have been in the new country for more than 20 years had a similar life satisfaction to that of the local-born population. Immigrants with 10 to 20 years' experience in the country seem to have lower life satisfaction than the local-born population. The SWB of different immigrant groups is shaped by cultural background, economic coping, number of social contacts, perception of discrimination, and democracy. These factors influence the life satisfaction of migrants with different lengths of stay differently. The most vulnerable immigrant groups in Europe are those from Africa region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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15. Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions: Evidence from 37 Countries.
- Author
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Olsson, Maria I. T., van Grootel, Sanne, Block, Katharina, Schuster, Carolin, Meeussen, Loes, Van Laar, Colette, Schmader, Toni, Croft, Alyssa, Sun, Molly Shuyi, Ainsaar, Mare, Aarntzen, Lianne, Adamus, Magdalena, Anderson, Joel, Atkinson, Ciara, Avicenna, Mohamad, Bąbel, Przemysław, Barth, Markus, Benson‐Greenwald, Tessa M., Maloku, Edona, and Berent, Jacques
- Subjects
GENDER inequality ,PARENTAL leave ,PSYCHOLOGICAL factors ,YOUNG adults ,UNPAID labor ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Despite global commitments and efforts, a gender‐based division of paid and unpaid work persists. To identify how psychological factors, national policies, and the broader sociocultural context contribute to this inequality, we assessed parental‐leave intentions in young adults (18–30 years old) planning to have children (N = 13,942; 8,880 identified as women; 5,062 identified as men) across 37 countries that varied in parental‐leave policies and societal gender equality. In all countries, women intended to take longer leave than men. National parental‐leave policies and women's political representation partially explained cross‐national variations in the gender gap. Gender gaps in leave intentions were paradoxically larger in countries with more gender‐egalitarian parental‐leave policies (i.e., longer leave available to both fathers and mothers). Interestingly, this cross‐national variation in the gender gap was driven by cross‐national variations in women's (rather than men's) leave intentions. Financially generous leave and gender‐egalitarian policies (linked to men's higher uptake in prior research) were not associated with leave intentions in men. Rather, men's leave intentions were related to their individual gender attitudes. Leave intentions were inversely related to career ambitions. The potential for existing policies to foster gender equality in paid and unpaid work is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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16. Zwischen Marginalität und Universalismus: Das estnische Wohlfahrtssystem
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Trumm, Avo, Ainsaar, Mare, Schubert, Klaus, editor, Hegelich, Simon, editor, and Bazant, Ursula, editor
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- 2008
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17. Vulnerable Adolescent Participants' Experience in Surveys on Sexuality and Sexual Abuse: Ethical Aspects
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Priebe, Gisela, Backstrom, Martin, and Ainsaar, Mare
- Abstract
Objective: The aim of this research was to study the discomfort experienced by adolescents when answering questions in a survey about sexuality and sexual abuse and to investigate factors that may determine possible experience of discomfort. The research focused particularly on vulnerable adolescents--sexually abused and sexually inexperienced. Method: Adolescents in their final year of high school in Estonia (n = 1,334) and Sweden (n = 3,401) who had completed a survey about experiences of sexuality and sexual abuse answered additional questions about experiences of discomfort related to the survey questions. Results: A majority of the participants did not feel discomfort when completing the survey. This was also the case for the two vulnerable groups. Experience of penetrating sexual abuse, sexual inexperience, mental health problems, rape myth acceptance, gender, immigrant background, and country were included in a structural equation model. Experience of penetrating sexual abuse was not significantly related to discomfort in the final model, while sexual inexperience was associated with increased discomfort (standardized coefficient 0.20) and rape myth acceptance was the strongest indicator of discomfort (0.27). The total amount of explained variance was 17%. Conclusions: Our data do not support the view that adolescents in general or vulnerable subgroups such as sexually abused or sexually inexperienced adolescents experience discomfort when answering a survey about sexuality and sexual abuse. As discomfort ratings were not highly related to any of the predictors further research is needed that includes other factors. It is important to follow existing ethical guidelines since there may always be some individuals who feel discomfort. (Contains 3 tables and 1 figure.)
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- 2010
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18. Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Centenarians and Young People: Impact of Eating Habits and Childhood Living Environment
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Sepp, Epp, primary, Smidt, Imbi, additional, Rööp, Tiiu, additional, Štšepetova, Jelena, additional, Kõljalg, Siiri, additional, Mikelsaar, Marika, additional, Soidla, Indrek, additional, Ainsaar, Mare, additional, Kolk, Helgi, additional, Vallas, Mirjam, additional, Jaagura, Madis, additional, and Mändar, Reet, additional
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- 2022
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19. Multilingual families and their position in European societies
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Ceballos Rodríguez, Gabriel Alberto, primary and Ainsaar, Mare, additional
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- 2022
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20. Chapter 8: Ageing and the welfare state: welfare policies and attitudes in the Baltic and Nordic countries
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Aidukaitė, Jolanta, Hort, Sven E. O, and Ainsaar, Mare
- Subjects
Ageing ,Nordic countries ,pension insurance ,long-term care ,Baltic states ,welfare state - Abstract
This chapter aims to document the current trends in the Baltic and Nordic welfare policies on ageing from a comparative perspective and to reveal senior citizens' subjective perceptions of their socioeconomic situation and their attitudes towards the role of government in ensuring safety. The analyses show essential existential gaps among younger and older generations in the three Baltic states, if poverty, age discrimination and income security are taken into account. The situation, as expected, is more positive in the Nordic countries. However, Finland exhibits similarities with Estonia and Lithuania in terms of overall satisfaction of elderly people with their household income, attitudes towards means-tests and preference for stronger support from the government. This is explained by the lower availability of long-term services in Finland, and especially in the three Baltic states, and an emphasis on familial care.
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- 2021
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21. Influence of Parenthood on Ethnic Identity: A Qualitative Study Among Parents of Children with Mixed Ethnic Backgrounds in Estonia.
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Rodríguez, Gabriel Alberto Ceballos and Ainsaar, Mare
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PARENTHOOD ,PARENTS ,FATHERS ,QUALITATIVE research ,ETHNICITY ,ETHNIC studies ,GROUP identity - Abstract
Copyright of Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana is the property of Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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22. Current trends in social welfare policies toward the older people in the Baltic and Nordic countries: an explorative study
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Aidukaite, Jolanta, primary, Hort, Sven, additional, and Ainsaar, Mare, additional
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- 2021
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23. Ageing and the welfare state: Welfare policies and attitudes in the Baltic and Nordic countries
- Author
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Aidukaite, Jolanta, Hort, Sven, Ainsaar, Mare, Aidukaite, Jolanta, Hort, Sven, and Ainsaar, Mare
- Abstract
This chapter aims to document the current trends in the Baltic and Nordic welfare policies on ageing from a comparative perspective and to reveal senior citizens’ subjective perceptions of their socioeconomic situation and their attitudes towards the role of government in ensuring safety. The analyses show essential existential gaps among younger and older generations in the three Baltic states, if poverty, age discrimination and income security are taken into account. The situation, as expected, is more positive in the Nordic countries. However, Finland exhibits similarities with Estonia and Lithuania in terms of overall satisfaction of elderly people with their household income, attitudes towards means-tests and preference for stronger support from the government. This is explained by the lower availability of long-term services in Finland, and especially in the three Baltic states, and an emphasis on familial care.
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- 2021
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24. Children in the Family and Welfare State Attitudes: Altruism or Self-Interest?
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Ainsaar, Mare, primary
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- 2012
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25. Current trends in social welfare policies toward the older people in the Baltic and Nordic countries: an explorative study.
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Aidukaite, Jolanta, Hort, Sven, and Ainsaar, Mare
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AGING ,PENSIONS ,WELFARE state ,EUROPEANIZATION - Abstract
This article reviews welfare policy arrangements developed in the Baltic and Nordic countries to address the problems of aging. The findings show that after almost thirty years of redesigning social policy and welfare systems in the Baltic countries, senior citizens remain in a precarious situation. As expected, the Nordic countries are yet superior in terms of benefits and services. The trend toward marketization and re-familialization of elderly care, and 'go towards the EU average' in public expenditures is, however, also identified in the Nordic countries. In the Baltic states, in contrast, the 'go towards the EU average' indicates an increase in public social expenditure directed toward aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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26. The prevalence and patterns of exposure to interpersonal violence among men and women in Estonia
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Lippus, Hedda, primary, Soo, Kadri, additional, Laanpere, Made, additional, Yount, Kathryn M., additional, Part, Kai, additional, Ringmets, Inge, additional, Ainsaar, Mare, additional, and Karro, Helle, additional
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- 2020
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27. Väärtused kui inimvara ja nende seos ühiskonna arenguga
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Ainsaar, Mare, Kasearu, Kairi, Lauristin, Marju, Realo, Anu, Roots, Ave, Rämmer, Andu, Strenze, Tarmo, and Arenguseire Keskus
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- 2019
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28. The development of children and family policy in Estonia from 1945 to 2000
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Ainsaar Mare
- Subjects
Social Sciences ,Demography. Population. Vital events ,HB848-3697 - Abstract
The paper gives an overview ofthe formation ofEstonian family policy in the period from 1945 to 2000. Deeper analyses are dedicated to the most recent decade and to the factors which have influenced family policy and the main objects of discussion. For that purpose statistics and interviews with policy makers are analysed. The paper comes to the conclusion that child and family policy carries traces ofhistory, different institutions and traditions. Family policy has been classsified according to time period: 1945- 1970, 1970-1990, and 1990 to present. The main characteristics of the most recent decade's family policy include comparatively generous child benefits, a great dependency of policy on political decisions, and the development of an initially plain and simple children's and family policy towards a more complicated one.
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- 2001
29. MULTILINGUAL FAMILIES AND THEIR POSITION IN EUROPEAN SOCIETIES.
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Ceballos Rodríguez, Gabriel Alberto and Ainsaar, Mare
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IDENTITY (Psychology) ,HIERARCHICAL clustering (Cluster analysis) ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) ,FAMILIES ,SOCIAL context ,IMMIGRANT families - Abstract
Background: European Union (EU) statistics show that the percentage of people living in immigrant or mixed households is growing (Eurostat, 2017). Authors concur that fostering multilingualism brings benefits for the family members' wellbeing (Portes & Hao, 2002) and cohesion (Müller et al., 2020) and for their connection with the society where they live (Vuorenkoski et al., 2000). Research goal: The aim of this study is to analyse the diversity of multilingual families and to describe their social environment in Europe. We study the proportion of people living in multilingual families, their demographic background, and their integration into society. Furthermore, we classify certain European countries according to the characteristics of their multilingual households to better understand the environments in which multilingual families live. Method: We use European Social Survey (ESS) data on immigration background and integration attitudes to analyse multilingual family members from 18 European countries. Demographic background variables include: (1) immigration background and languages spoken at home, (2) multi-ancestry background, and (3) presence of children in the household. The integration variables are: (4) citizenship of the country of residence; (5) feelings of happiness; (6) feelings of discrimination; (7) self-evaluated economic coping. Finally, we conduct a statistical hierarchical cluster analyses to identify countries that share multilinguals with similar characteristics. The detailed description of variables used in this analysis is provided in the article. Results: Our results show that multilingualism has roots in migration in many countries. However, despite the link between immigration history and multilingualism, the background of multilingualism is not linear, and several deviations and outliers are present. The cluster analysis identified five country clusters: (1) Switzerland - the most multilingual country; (2) Belgium, Spain, Ireland, and Germany form an immigration-related, highly multilingual group; (3) France and Sweden form a discriminated-multilingualism cluster; (4) The UK with very low rates of multilingualism and multi-ancestry identity and (5) the final cluster formed by the remaining ten countries with low rates of multilingualism overall. Conclusion: This study contributes to the knowledge about multilingual families in Europe and the heterogenous environments in which they live. Results show that multilingualism is closely related to recent immigration and the migration history of a country, but this relationship is not linear. The results of the study provide a basis to study their different dimensions in further detail, particularly, those related to identity formation and the internal and external motivations to develop an affiliation towards host countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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30. MEASURING THE RISK OF IMMIGRATION RELATED CONFLICTS.
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Maasing, Helina, Nahkur, Oliver, Roots, Ave, and Ainsaar, Mare
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RISK perception ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,NUMERIC databases - Abstract
There has been widespread concern among policymakers that intensive immigration can drive anti-immigrant attitudes, which may further develop into ethnic strife. In order to systematically monitor immigration-related conflict in society, the authors have constructed a theoretical composite conflict risk index for measuring immigration-related conflict risk at a subnational level. The index is called MICRI, short for immigration-related conflict risk index. The index offers new input to the quantitative conflict risk modelling by including subjective indicators, which usually are missing from risk indices, along with objective indicators. The reason behind that is the growing understanding between scholars that groups' perceived grievances play an important role in whether a conflict arises or not. Therefore, capturing the subjective "feelings" of a group allows us to go closer to the source of conflict, and help to generate a better out-come in risk predictions. Thus, MICRI consists of 17 indicators, out of which thirteen (13) are subjective and four (4) are objective indicators. The data was sourced from the European Social Survey and national statistical database. These sources met the criteria set for data: the data includes information about all the main risk dimensions, including the subjective perceptions of persons; and the data is regularly updated, reliable, provides regional level information and is easily accessible for international use. The article presents the methodology and data behind the indicators, evaluates the index's internal consistency using the quantitative regional level data of 75 Estonian municipalities. In constructing the values of MICRI, we followed four consecutive steps: (1) computing the values of the indicators for each municipality; (2) normalising; (3) weighting; and (4) aggregating of the indicators. All indicator were compiled in ten different risk dimensions - identity, distrust, value difference, perceived threat, perceived inequality, dissatisfaction, poor communication, low norm obedience, availability of resources, and regional immigration level - which formed a cumulative index value. The validity of the index was controlled with data of (75) Estonian municipalities from the period 2014 - 2018. The results of initial testing show that the internal consistency of MICRI is good; c-alpha = 0.698, which indicates a good potential for the index's performance. The future research will focus on external validation of the index and will expand its use internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Is satisfaction with healthcare indeed satisfaction with healthcare?
- Author
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Ainsaar, Mare, primary and Nahkur, Oliver, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Economic crisis, families, and family policy in the Baltic states, 2009–2014
- Author
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Ainsaar, Mare, primary
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Economic inequality in satisfaction with healthcare in the Baltic countries during and after the economic crisis (2008–2014)
- Author
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Roots, Ave, primary, Ainsaar, Mare, additional, and Nahkur, Oliver, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Open Research Data in Social Sciences: Good principles, but lack of carrots
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Ainsaar, Mare
- Subjects
Open Science ,teadusandmed ,avatud teadus ,sotsiaalteadused ,Social Sciences ,research data - Published
- 2017
35. Kehvema tervisega inimesed hindavad tervishoiusüsteeme kriitilisemalt – Eesti ja 14 teise Euroopa riigi võrdlus
- Author
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Ainsaar, Mare and Nahkur, Oliver
- Abstract
Taust. Mitmed uuringud on näidanud, et kehvema tervisega inimesed kalduvad olema tervishoiusüsteemiga vähem rahul kui parema tervisega inimesed. Samas on teada, et tervishoiusüsteemiga rahulolu võib sõltuda tervishoiusüsteemivälistest teguritest. Näiteks on erinevate riigisüsteemide rahulolude vahel tugev seos. Eesmärk. Võrrelda erineva terviseseisundiga inimeste rahulolu tervishoiusüsteemiga Eestis ja veel 14 Euroopa riigis ning analüüsida selle seost üldise rahuloluga riigisüsteemiga ning sissetulekute ja terviseteenuse saamisega. Metoodika. Artiklis on kasutatud Euroopa sotsiaaluuringu 2014. aasta vooru andmeid. Uuring on esinduslik 15aastaste ja vanemate tavaleibkondades elavate inimeste puhul. Andmeid koguti 2014. aastal silmast silma intervjuudega. Inimeste rahulolu tervishoiusüsteemiga mõjutavaid tegureid analüüsiti sammsammulise lineaarse regressioonianalüüsi abil. Tulemused. Tulemused näitavad, et inimese tervis ja rahulolu tervishoiusüsteemiga on enamikus Euroopa riikides omavahel seotud. Enamasti on kehvema tervisega inimesed tervishoiusüsteemi suhtes kriitilisemad. Rahulolu tervishousüsteemiga on seotud ka üldise rahuloluga riigi valitsusega. Austrias, Rootsis ja Sloveenias on kehvema tervisega inimeste kriitilisem hinnang tervishoiusüsteemile seotud üldise hinnanguga kogu valitsuse tööle. Eestis ning Belgias sõltuvad parema ja kehvema tervisega inimeste hoiakud eelkõige nende sissetulekust. Järeldused. Eestis on kehvema tervisega inimeste väiksem rahulolu tervishoiusüsteemiga seletatav eelkõige nende inimeste väiksemate majanduslike võimalustega. Eestis on vaja uurida sissetulekute täpsemat mõju tervishoiusüsteemi kasutusele. Eesti Arst 2017; 96(3):129–136, Eesti Arst, Märts 2017
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- 2017
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36. Rahvusvahelised küsitlusuuringud Tartu Ülikoolis 1990-2014. International Surveys at the University of Tartu in 1990-2014
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Ainsaar, Mare and Roots, Ave
- Abstract
This article contributes to the history of science by giving an overview of the international comparative surveys connected to the University of Tartu on the basis of the original questionnaire-based or interview data originating from the period 1990–2014. We got information about 102 projects that were in accordance with the conditions described above. The most common international partners were Finns, Brits, Germans, Swedes, Poles and the Spanish. In terms of topics, most of the surveys were carried out in the field of social sciences in general (71 surveys), followed by health sciences (12 surveys), political science (12 surveys), education (7 surveys) and linguistics (1 survey). In terms of institutional affiliation, the greatest number of surveys were conducted in sociology and social policy (19 surveys), psychology (17 surveys), health sciences (16 surveys), education (15 surveys), social work (10 surveys), law (6 surveys), political science (6 surveys), media (5 surveys), religion (4 surveys), sports (2 surveys), by the Centre for Applied Social Sciences (2 surveys) and in linguistics (1 survey). 56% of the surveys were quantitative, 16% qualitative and 22% used mixed methods. The number of the quantitative surveys has been quite stabile over time, with four new projects starting every year on average, but the amount of qualitative and mixed method projects has risen after 2006. 43% of the surveys were designed to be representative of a group or certain population, 11 surveys were representative of the whole Estonian population. Many projects had only one or two publications, one third of the projects had six or more publications. The European Social Survey project in Estonia had the highest number of publications, publishing 70 additional items every year. A new paradigm cultivated by the European Social Survey was open access data. 12% of data in the surveyed 102 projects had open access data, in 54% of the cases the Estonian and international project team both had the data, in 20% of cases only the Estonian team had the data and in 4% of cases data was given away to the international team., Tartu Ülikooli ajaloo küsimusi, No 43 (2015): Ühiskonda muutvad teadused rahvusülikoolis
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Does marriage and having children make life better in Europe?
- Author
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Ainsaar, Mare and Rootalu, Kadri
- Subjects
Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie ,Kinderlosigkeit ,Familienform ,partnership ,satisfaction with life ,Kind ,lcsh:Political science ,internationaler Vergleich ,Sociology & anthropology ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,childlessness ,children ,Partnerschaft ,empirisch-quantitativ ,life satisfaction ,family types ,social support ,east-west comparison ,family structure ,marriage ,quantitative empirical ,child ,empirisch ,Ost-West-Vergleich ,international comparison ,Lebenszufriedenheit ,lcsh:H ,Europe ,Soziologie, Anthropologie ,Family Sociology, Sociology of Sexual Behavior ,ddc:301 ,Europa ,empirical ,Ehe ,soziale Unterstützung ,lcsh:J - Abstract
The diversity of family types is increasing in Europe. Existing research provides inconsistent results on whether having children in a family influences life satisfaction, and even less is known about how different partnership and social support types influence life satisfaction. We investigate the life satisfaction of officially registered and cohabiting persons with and without children in 24 European countries using the latest European Social Survey data from 2012. To investigate the influence of society and individual selection on family types, we include a range of individual and macroeconomic indicators in the multilevel analyses. The results demonstrate that life satisfaction is influenced by partnership and partnership type, children in a household do not elevate life satisfaction, and lack of economic coping problems might raise the positive value of children. Although the general life satisfaction levels follow predominantly the East–West alignment, the life satisfaction of families within countries is more driven by social support and a clear division of countries between East and West societies is not perceivable., Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 7, No 3 (2015)
- Published
- 2015
38. Tehnoloogiarikkas keskkonnas probleemilahendusoskuste tase ja IKT kasutus Eesti elanike hulgas
- Author
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Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt, Pille, Roots, Ave, Strenze, Tarmo, and Ainsaar, Mare
- Subjects
PIAAC ,arvutikasutus ,täiskasvanuharidus ,IKT oskused ,probleemilahendusoskus ,IKT - Abstract
Käesolev aruanne on valminud PIAAC uuringu temaatiliste aruannete sarjas ning annab ülevaate Eestis elavate 16–65-aastaste inimeste info- ja kommunikatsioonitehnoloogia (IKT) töisest ja mittetöisest kasutusest ning tehnoloogiarikkas keskkonnas probleemilahendusoskuse tulemustest. Analüüsitakse ka tehnoloogiarikkas keskkonnas probleemilahendusoskuse ja muude mõõdikute headust uuringus ning pakutakse välja alternatiivne lahend, kuidas grupeerida inimesi PIAAC uuringu andmete alusel lisaks oskustele ka arvuti kasutusviiside järgi. Aruandes analüüsitakse inimeste IKT kasutust ning oskusi arvuti kasutamise sageduse ja viiside ning riigi makromajanduslike näitajate võrdluses. Riigi tunnuste puhul keskendutakse eelkõige erinevate toomissektorite tootlikkuse võrdlusele ning seoste otsimisele arvuti kasutusviiside ja oskustega. Eestit võrreldakse aruandes viie meile arvutikasutuse poolest sarnase riigiga: Austria, Soome, Tšehhi, Slovakkia ja Iirimaaga, kuid mitmetes analüüsides on kasutatud ka enamate riikide andmeid.
- Published
- 2015
39. Does marriage and having children make life better in Europe?
- Author
-
Ainsaar, Mare, Rootalu, Kadri, Ainsaar, Mare, and Rootalu, Kadri
- Abstract
The diversity of family types is increasing in Europe. Existing research provides inconsistent results on whether having children in a family influences life satisfaction, and even less is known about how different partnership and social support types influence life satisfaction. We investigate the life satisfaction of officially registered and cohabiting persons with and without children in 24 European countries using the latest European Social Survey data from 2012. To investigate the influence of society and individual selection on family types, we include a range of individual and macroeconomic indicators in the multilevel analyses. The results demonstrate that life satisfaction is influenced by partnership and partnership type, children in a household do not elevate life satisfaction, and lack of economic coping problems might raise the positive value of children. Although the general life satisfaction levels follow predominantly the East–West alignment, the life satisfaction of families within countries is more driven by social support and a clear division of countries between East and West societies is not perceivable.
- Published
- 2016
40. ESS in the context of transition studies
- Author
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Vihalemm, Triin, Ainsaar, Mare, Vihalemm, Triin, and Ainsaar, Mare
- Published
- 2016
41. Reasons for internal migration in Estonia 1989–2000
- Author
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Ainsaar, Mare
- Subjects
Artikkelit - Abstract
This study analyses internal migration trends within the framework of human migration as an outcome of interaction between environment, individual needs and subjective decision-making process. The dissertation provides overview about theoretical approaches and empirical migration analyses on three levels: macro, aggregated individual and individual level and includes four chapters. The first chapter gives an overview of general trends of urbanisation in the developed world and reasons of growth and decline of urban population. Chapter 1 comes to the conclusion that, although the settlement of population has been seen often as outcome of production forces, this may no longer be the case. The second chapter groups reasons of migration and analyses the influence of migration factors on aggregated individual level. Two different approaches – well-being approach and theory of needs are used to elaborate classification of migration components. The third chapter develops a behavioural model of migration decision-making and the fourth chapter analyses the freedom to move on regional level. The unifying element of different chapters of the book is the empirical time-space scope of migration processes in Estonia in 1990s. The aim of this review is to give some short hint to the topics covered in the book.
- Published
- 2004
42. Behind the Curtains of e-State: Determinants of Online Sexual Harassment Among Estonian Children
- Author
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Soo, Kadri, Ainsaar, Mare, and Kalmus, Veronika
- Subjects
Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie ,Estonia ,Nutzung ,psychological consequences ,education ,utilization ,social mediation of Internet use ,Kind ,lcsh:Political science ,psychological factors ,sexual messaging ,ddc:070 ,Sociology & anthropology ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,Interactive, electronic Media ,children ,sexual harassment ,mediation ,Estland ,interaktive, elektronische Medien ,News media, journalism, publishing ,psychische Folgen ,Internet ,child ,Jugendlicher ,lcsh:H ,Sexualerziehung ,Soziologie, Anthropologie ,adolescent ,psychische Faktoren ,online sexual harassment ,Publizistische Medien, Journalismus,Verlagswesen ,Family Sociology, Sociology of Sexual Behavior ,ddc:301 ,sex education ,lcsh:J ,sexuelle Belästigung - Abstract
This article analyses the risk of receiving online sexual messages and experiencing harm among Estonian children. In particular, the paper examines the association between receiving sexual messages and behavioural, psychological and demographic characteristics, and the social mediation of children’s Internet use. Estonian data from ‘EU Kids Online’ survey are used, involving 780 children aged 11-16. Results demonstrate that 19% of children who use the Internet have received online sexual messages, and 6% have felt disturbed. The probability of receiving sexual messages online is higher for children with risky online and offl ine behaviour and psychological diffi culties. Perceiving online messages as sexually harassing is higher among children with excessive Internet use, lower levels of parental monitoring and higher levels of peer mediation of Internet use. The risk of exposure to harassing sexual messages also diff ers by age and, more notably, by the minority status. Mediation by parents and teachers plays an insignifi cant role in reducing teenagers’ risks of receiving sexual messages., Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 4, No 2 (2012)
- Published
- 2012
43. Eesti õpetajate roll laste internetikasutuse sotsiaalses vahendamises
- Author
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Soo, Kadri, primary, Kalmus, Veronika, primary, and Ainsaar, Mare, primary
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Well-being and environmental quality: Does pollution affect life satisfaction?
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Orru, Kati, primary, Orru, Hans, additional, Maasikmets, Marek, additional, Hendrikson, Reigo, additional, and Ainsaar, Mare, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. TOWARDS PRONATALISM – BALTIC FAMILY POLICY IN EUROPEAN COMPARISON IN 2002 AND 2010
- Author
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Ainsaar, Mare, primary and Riisalu, Helina, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Introducing the Euro in Estonia and Slovakia: Did it affect people's satisfaction?
- Author
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Ainsaar, Mare, Fedáková, Denisa, Roots, Ave, Lumiste, Kaur, Kentoš, Michal, and Výrost, Jozef
- Subjects
EURO ,SLOVAKIAN economy, 19930 ,ESTONIAN economy, 1991- - Abstract
Analysing the effect of societal events on the population is essential to better understand the quality of life and interaction between society and individuals. Although event effect is a well-known phenomena in economy (MacKinlay, 1997) the empirical results on the effect of events on social attitudes and well-being are still scarce and contradictory. The aim of the current study is to analyse the changes of satisfaction of people in both countries during the Euro introduction period. It will allow for a better understanding of the influence of external events on individuals. Slovakia, in January 2009, and Estonia, in January 2011, changed their national currency to the Euro. In both countries the introduction of the Euro was accompanied with positive media coverage and a general acceptance of the Euro as a tool to achieve a better living standard and greater benefits from a common European currency. However, because of lower European Union scepticism and higher acceptance of the Euro in Slovakia, we expect that the adoption of the Euro has a stronger positive effect in Slovakia than in Estonia. Both Slovakia and Estonia carried out ESS fieldwork during the currency change period and this has allowed us to study the influence of the event on society regarding people’s satisfaction with it. We use data from the European Social Survey (ESS) for Estonia and Slovakia from the fourth and fifth rounds for analysis (ESS Round 4: European Social Survey Round 4 Data, 2008; ESS Round 5: European Social Survey Round 5 Data, 2010). The European Social Survey collects, alongside substantive data, also survey contact information. We have therefore the exact dates when respondents gave their answers about their opinions. We classify time periods into six different periods: three periods before the Euro period and periods after introducing the Euro to analyse fluctuations in attitudes. We analyse the influence of currency change on life satisfaction, satisfaction with the economy and satisfaction with the national government. The European Social Survey is a good database for international comparisons because of its highly standardised methodological approach towards data collection and the tight data quality control before archiving. The survey provides population representative data at country level starting from age of 15. To assess the change of respondent's life satisfaction and satisfaction with the economy and government before and after the Euro introduction, a time variable was formed as follows: more than a month before the event, 4-3 weeks before the event, 2-1 weeks before the event, 1-2 weeks after the event, 3-4 weeks after the event, more than 4 weeks after the event. To control the influence of socio-economic selectivity of the respondents in different time periods in the sample and the corresponding influence on the satisfaction level, additional control variables were added to the regression models. These were: age of the respondents, gender, health, highest level of education, perceived household's income, current main economic activity status (working, studying, unemployed, retired, other) and ethnic minority status. The first descriptive results revealed differences between the two countries. A declining satisfaction trend prevailed in Estonia while satisfaction increased in Slovakia. For example, by the end January, all satisfaction indicators were essentially lower than before December in Estonia. Also satisfaction with the economy and government remained lower even after January in Estonia. In contrast, in Slovakia, the satisfaction with life rose and was high all January before dropping to the usual level only in February. Also satisfaction with the economy and government had several peaks in January. Regression analysis allowed the distinguishing of a clear time period effect without the effects of individual background. After taking into account background variables for individuals, the majority of the regression coefficients still remained negative in Estonia. Regression analyse proved that the drop in satisfaction did not only occur because of a concentration of certain types of respondents by the end of January, but was caused by other factors. Life satisfaction dropped in the third week of January in Estonia, even taking into account the socio-economic background of respondents; although this negative trend was not a year specific result. Estonians were more pessimistic also two years earlier in January, compared to the autumn period. In January 2009, in Slovakia, by contrast, people remained more satisfied with life even after when taking into account their socio-economic background. In Slovakia this effect was also year specific and might be connected with currency change and related optimistic feelings. In the first weeks after the adoption of the Euro, satisfaction with the economy also rose in Slovakia and in the third and the fourth week satisfaction with the government. These fluctuations might be attributed to the effect of the Euro, but with some reservations; because we see higher satisfaction episodes with the economy also in January 2009 in Slovakia. In conclusion, the results demonstrated some positive effect of the Euro for Slovakia. However, the negative effects in Estonia cannot be attributed solely to the change to the Euro, because we found occasional negative episodes also from the reference year. Additionally, media claims described the New Year period 2010-11 also as politically critical. A comparison of the Euro change period data with data from the same season but different years, showed that fluctuations with satisfaction cannot be attributed only to one event, and total satisfaction is possibly an outcome of many interactions, both at an individual level and in society. Therefore the continuous study of multiple effects of essential events in society on attitudes is important. Monitoring the contextual data and examining the effect of societal events helps to understand processes in society and plan for better measurement tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
47. Zwischen Marginalität und Universalismus: Das estnische Wohlfahrtssystem
- Author
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Trumm, Avo, primary and Ainsaar, Mare, additional
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- View/download PDF
48. Behind the Curtains of e-State: Determinants of Online Sexual Harassment Among Estonian Children
- Author
-
Soo, Kadri, Ainsaar, Mare, Kalmus, Veronika, Soo, Kadri, Ainsaar, Mare, and Kalmus, Veronika
- Abstract
"This article analyses the risk of receiving online sexual messages and experiencing harm among Estonian children. In particular, the paper examines the association between receiving sexual messages and behavioural, psychological and demographic characteristics, and the social mediation of children’s Internet use. Estonian data from ‘EU Kids Online’ survey are used, involving 780 children aged 11-16. Results demonstrate that 19% of children who use the Internet have received online sexual messages, and 6% have felt disturbed. The probability of receiving sexual messages online is higher for children with risky online and offline behaviour and psychological difficulties. Perceiving online messages as sexually harassing is higher among children with excessive Internet use, lower levels of parental monitoring and higher levels of peer mediation of Internet use. The risk of exposure to harassing sexual messages also differs by age and, more notably, by the minority status. Mediation by parents and teachers plays an insignificant role in reducing teenagers’ risks of receiving sexual messages." (author's abstract)
- Published
- 2013
49. Adolescents' strategies for avoiding online sexual violence
- Author
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Ainsaar, Mare, primary, Soo, Kadri, additional, Strompl, Judit, additional, Kolpakova, Olga, additional, and Allegro, Silvia, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Eesti rahvastik Taani hindamisraamatust tänapäevani = Estonian population from Liber Census Daniae up to nowadays
- Author
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Ainsaar, Mare
- Subjects
rahvastik ,rahvastikustatistika ,ajalooline demograafia ,Eesti - Abstract
Kopeerimine keelatud, printimine lubatud, http://www.ester.ee/record=b1053358*est
- Published
- 1997
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