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Objective: To determine frequency of postoperative hyperglycemia in children who underwent repair of Congenital Cardiac Defects (CCDs) in a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan. The other objective was to compare outcomes in children with versus without postoperative hyperglycemia who underwent repair of CCDs in a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted at the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU), Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan from October 3, 2020, to April 2, 2021. A total of 185 patients aged one month-18 years admitted to CICU underwent elective surgical repair of CCDs meeting the eligibility criteria were included. Glucose monitoring was collected at immediate, 4th and 8th postoperative hours on the first day and once daily on postoperative days Two and Three to assess hyperglycemia. Data including age, weight, gender, pre-operative diagnosis, type of surgery and variables such as CICU stay, duration of hospital stay and duration of mechanical ventilation were recorded. Results: The mean age of the patients was 40.40±48.63 months. Out of 185 patients, 115 (62.2%) were male while 70 (37.8%) were female. Hyperglycemia was found to be in 182 (98.4%) patients. Out of 182 hyperglycemic patients, 53 (28.6%) had moderate hyperglycemia while 129 (69.7%) had severe hyperglycemia. Mean duration of hospital stays was 9.24±7.45, mean duration of pediatric CICU stays was 141.61±169.02 hours and mean duration of mechanical ventilation was 80.59±98.54 hours. Conclusion: Hyperglycemia is a frequent finding in children who underwent repair of CCDs, and it is not significantly associated with duration of mechanical ventilation, length of hospital and CICU stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to find out differences of social support, perceived emotion invalidation, psychological needs, and use of adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in maritally adjusted and maladjusted after controlling for age, education, employment status, and depressive symptomatology. The cross‐sectional study uses a matched pairs design. The sample was divided into two groups; maritally adjusted and maladjusted women (n = 40 pairs) on basis of scores obtained on revised‐dyadic adjustment scale. Forty maritally adjusted women were matched with 40 maritally maladjusted women according to age, education, and employment status. Social support questionnaire, perceived invalidation of emotion scale, basic psychological need satisfaction frustration scale, cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, and center for epidemiologic studies depression scale were administered. One‐way ANCOVA revealed that maritally maladjusted women had lower level of social support [mean difference; −5.65(−9.97, −1.33), p < 0.05, partial η2 = 0.08] and more emotional invalidation [mean difference; 15.36(13.08, 17.65), p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.71] compared to maritally adjusted women after controlling for the effect of depressive symptomatology. Maritally maladjusted women had more need frustration [mean difference; 10.75(7.59, 13.92), p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.38] compared to maritally adjusted women. However, maritally adjusted women had more need satisfaction [mean difference; 13.36(9.67, 17.05), p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.41] compared to maritally maladjusted women. Maritally adjusted women used more adaptive CER strategies (acceptance, refocus on planning and putting into perspective) [mean difference; 4.66(2.36, 6.95), p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.18] compared to maritally maladjusted women whereas, maritally maladjusted women used more maladaptive strategies (self‐blame, catastrophizing and blaming others) [mean difference; 4.66(2.77, 6.54), p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.25] compared to maritally adjusted women. Maladjusted women had less social support and more emotional invalidation of emotions and psychological needs frustration. They used more maladaptive strategies to manage their negative emotions in comparison to maritally adjusted women. Identification of these cognitive emotion regulation strategies will help clinicians and counselors to devise psychological intervention targeting the use of adaptive strategies to minimize the negative mental health consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are common surgical procedures that cause persistent pain, bleeding, and functional limitations. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of celecoxib compared with a placebo for managing post‐tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy pain and other adverse events. Design: Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search in the PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases from inception until July 2023. Dichotomous outcomes have been reported as risk ratios (RR) while continuous outcomes were reported using mean differences (MD). A funnel plot was drawn to investigate publication bias. Results: From 1394 records identified, 6 randomised double‐blind trials comprising 591 participants undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy were eligible for inclusion. A high dose (400 mg) of celecoxib was effective in decreasing the pain score for 'worst pain' after the procedure (MD: −10.98, [95% CI: −11.53, −10.42], p <.01, I2 = 0%) while a low dose (200 mg) was not significantly effective (p = 0.31). For managing other outcomes such as vomiting (RR: 1.37 [95% CI: 0.69, 2.68], p = 0.37, I2 = 67%), diarrhoea (RR: 1.41, [95% CI: 0.75, 2.64], p =.29, I2 = 42%), dizziness/drowsiness (RR: 0.90, [95% CI: 0.71, 1.15], p =.48, I2 = 0%), functional recovery time (p =.74), and headache (p =.91), there was no significant difference between the group on celecoxib and the placebo group regardless of dosage. Finally, there was no significant difference (RR: 1.02, [95% CI: 0.91, 1.15], p =.69, I2 = 0%) in the effect of the intervention on minimum bleeding, moderate bleeding, and profuse bleeding. Conclusion: This meta‐analysis provides robust evidence pooled from high‐quality trials and raises questions about the efficacy of celecoxib for tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy, challenging existing perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugarcane holds global promise as a biofuel feedstock, necessitating a deep understanding of factors that influence biomass yield. This study unravels the intricate dynamics of plant hormones that govern growth and development in sugarcane. Transcriptome analysis of F2 introgression hybrids, derived from the cross of Saccharum officinarum "LA Purple" and wild Saccharum robustum "MOL5829", was conducted, utilizing the recently sequenced allele-specific genome of "LA Purple" as a reference. A total of 8059 differentially expressed genes were categorized into gene models (21.5%), alleles (68%), paralogs (10%), and tandemly duplicated genes (0.14%). KEGG analysis highlighted enrichment in auxin (IAA), jasmonic acid (JA), and abscisic acid (ABA) pathways, revealing regulatory roles of hormone repressor gene families (Aux/IAA, PP2C, and JAZ). Signaling pathways indicated that downregulation of AUX/IAA and PP2C and upregulation of JAZ repressor genes in high biomass segregants act as key players in influencing downstream growth regulatory genes. Endogenous hormone levels revealed higher concentrations of IAA and ABA in high biomass, which contrasted with lower levels of JA. Weighted co-expression network analysis demonstrated strong connectivity between hormone-related key genes and cell wall structural genes in high biomass genotypes. Expression analysis confirmed the upregulation of genes involved in the synthesis of structural carbohydrates and the downregulation of inflorescence and senescence-related genes in high biomass, which suggested an extended vegetative growth phase. The study underscores the importance of cumulative gene expression, including gene models, dominant alleles, paralogs, and tandemly duplicated genes and activators and repressors of disparate hormone (IAA, JA, and ABA) signaling pathways are the points of hormone crosstalk in contrasting biomass F2 segregants and could be applied for engineering high biomass acquiring varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bis(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-carbodithioato)copper(II) was synthesized and decomposed to hexagonal copper sulfide (CuS/Cu2S) nanoplates (NPs) under ambient conditions using ethylenediamine as a decomposing agent and solvent. The optical property (UV–Vis) and structural analysis (XRD, HRTEM, TEM, SAED, and EDS) revealed the formation of visible light active (2.24 eV) hexagonal nanoplates of mixed composition (CuS/Cu2S) with size varying from 310 to 890 nm. CuS/Cu2S nanoplates possess both catalytic and photocatalytic properties and degrade Congo red entirely (100%) both in dark and light. However, in the presence of light (80 min) the degradation is faster than in the dark (120 min). The degradation follows pseudo-first-order kinetics in the presence and absence of light. The kinetics also explain that the dye first adsorb on the surface of CuS/Cu2S and then is mineralized. Furthermore, CuS/Cu2S nanoplates were photostable with good reusability. Additionally, the environmentally benign nature, catalyst photocatalytic properties, complete dye degradation, and no generation of secondary pollutants make CuS/Cu2S nanoplates an excellent material for environmental cleansing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding and predicting the charge carriers in two-dimensional materials is critical for advancements in electronic devices. Numerous research efforts focus on optimizing their functionality to unveil their full potential for expected applications. 2D materials such as graphene exhibit unique electronic, mechanical, thermodynamic and transport characteristics, making them promising candidates for nano electronic devices. Herein, we report 2D phosphorene-like (P-AsP3) and graphene-like arsenic tri phosphide (G-AsP3) monolayers. Our findings reveal that both monolayers possess semiconducting nature, where P-AsP3 exhibits a direct bandgap of 1.51 eV and is anisotropic in carrier transport, while G-AsP3 possesses an indirect bandgap of 2.62 eV and is isotropic in carrier transport. The phonon dispersion curve and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at 500 K confirm their dynamic and thermodynamic stability. Deformation potential theory (DPT) was applied to determine the carrier mobilities of electrons and holes along the x (armchair) and y (zigzag) directions. In the armchair direction, electron mobility significantly increases from 212 cm2 V−1 s−1 in the P-AsP3 monolayer to 1412 cm2 V−1 s−1 in the G-AsP3 monolayer, and for holes, it rises from 367 cm2 V−1 s−1 to 1003 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. A suitable bandgap and high carrier mobility highlight their potential for nanoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online learning has grown productive and vital for delivering asynchronous instruction to undergraduate medical students. We explored the factors that affect the learning of undergraduate medical students in an online asynchronous Forensic Medicine course through focus group discussions. These factors were identified in three components of theoretical framework: learner, design, and environment. The promoting factors in the learner component were regulation of learning, internal motivation, metacognition, interaction with peers, and social interaction. Hampering factors were poor self-regulation, losing motivation, and less use of discussion forums. In the environment component students' engagement, external motivation, and lack of physical interaction hampered the learning. In design: course content, links, extra material, pre-recorded lectures, assessment, time limitation, and flexibility promoted the learning, while lack of training in asynchronous mode, losing motivation, loss of attention, and less interaction hampered learning. These identified factors will assist online educators and instructors in designing better online asynchronous courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]