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To describe the urine collection methods used in precontinent children presenting at the Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) and compare results and contamination rates.Retrospective observational cohort study that included 1678 urine cultures collected in infants24 months of age between January 2016 and December 2019. Urine cultures were compared based on collection technique, sex and patient age.In total, 60.4% of samples were collected by clean-catch urine collection (CCUC), 26.4% by urethral catheterization (UC) and 13.2% by urine bag (UB). Contamination rates were 2.9% (95% CI 1.3, 4.4) for UC, 11.3% (95% CI 9.3, 13.2) for CCUC and 23.4% (95% CI 17.8, 29.0) for UB. Significant differences in contamination rates were found between UC and CCUC in the 6-12-month age group (1.9% [95% CI 0.0-4.0] versus 12.0% [95% CI 7.2-16.8] [p0.0009]), and between UC and UB for all ages.CCUC is the most common method for urine culture collection in infants24 months of age at the PED in our center. UC has the lowest contamination rates, but significant differences were only observed between CCUC and UC in the 6-12-month age group. CCUC is a non-invasive alternative for urine collection in infants.

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the population structure of three different representative groups of E. coli isolates causing urinary tract infections in a large area of Madrid, Spain: two groups of multidrug resistant isolates (MDR), ESBL- and non-ESBL producers, and one of fully-susceptible isolates (35 isolates in each group). Methods Epidemiological relatedness was studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The presence of genes encoding ESBL was determined by using PCR and sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution. Results PFGE analysis revealed a high degree of genetic diversity in susceptible and non-ESBL-MDR groups. However, the ESBL-MDR E. coli population was less diverse and a large cluster consisting of ST131 and CTX-M-15-producing isolates was detected. Conclusions The present study revealed that ESBL-producing-MDR E. coli population was less diverse than the non-ESBL MDR group and that ST131 was dominant among CTX-M-15-producing isolates that reflects the spread of this successful MDR lineage.

Objective Carbon-11-(11C)-choline PET/computed tomography (CT) has shown good results in re-staging of prostate cancer (PCa) with raised serum levels of prostate-specific antigen. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of positive 11C-choline PET/CT results in the therapeutic management of patients with PCa with biochemical relapse (BR) after curative intention treatment. Patients and methods A total of 112 patients with PCa BR and positive 11C-choline PET/CT were retrospectively evaluated. PET/CT was acquired 20 min after intravenous administration of 555–740 MBq of 11C-choline. The therapeutic management after 11C-choline PET/CT was obtained from the clinical records. The minimum follow-up time was 18 months. Results In 80 (71.4%) of 112 patients, 11C-choline PET/CT showed local recurrence of PCa; in 17 (15.2%) patients, distant recurrence; and in 15 (13.4%) patients, local plus distant recurrence. A second malignancy was detected in five (4.5%) patients. The planned therapeutic management was changed as per positive 11C-choline PET/CT result in 74 (66.1%) patients and were treated as follows: 31 (27.7%) patients with HT, combined with other treatments in eight (7.1%), 17 (15.2%) with BT, 13 (11.6%) with external beam radiotherapy, one (0.9%) with RP, and four (3.6%) with chemotherapy. Treatment approach was not modified in 37 (33%) patients. No data was available from one (0.9%) patient. Conclusion Positive 11C-choline PET/CT result had an important effect in the therapeutic management of patients with PCa and BR, leading to a change in the planned approach in two (66.1%) out of three patients. In addition, in 4.5% of the patients, the 11C-choline PET/CT allowed the detection of a second malignancy.

Background: Methods of urine collection used in precontinent children are a controversial issue. Definitive diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) requires an uncontaminated urine culture. We aimed to describe methods used to collect urine for culture in infants under 3 months of age and compare results and contamination rates. Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study included 721 urine cultures collected from infants

SUMMARYBackgroundSmell and taste disorders are reported very frequently and at an early stage in the evolution of the infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2. These symptoms could be sensitive and specific to establish the condition of the infection, and may suggest the flow of decisions as to further therapy. We asked whether smell and taste impairment are earlier and more sensitive symptoms than the RT-PCR molecular assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection.MethodologySubjects (N=275) with a probable COVID19 diagnosis were classified as follows: Symptomatic with chemosensory dysfunction, symptomatic without chemosensory dysfunction, and asymptomatic. Subjects received a general clinical and otorhinolaryngology examination. Evaluation of the chemosensory dysfunction was performed by means of the Venezuelan Olfactory Test and taste test. Nasal swabs and blood samples were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis (RT-PCR) and a rapid diagnostic test to detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus and antiviral antibodies, respectively. Patients had access to molecular tests and smell and taste evaluations every 3 to 5 days until they recovered.ResultsOut of 44 patients that were positive for RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2: 45.83% had smell and taste disorders and COVID19 symptoms, 23.61% did not have smell or taste disorders, but had COVID19 symptoms, and 30.55% were asymptomatic. Mild hyposmia and hypogeusia account for the most frequent chemosensory disorders accompanying common SARS-CoV-2 symptoms. Time to recover from the chemosensory dysfunction ranges from 3 to 14 days, up to a maximum of 5 weeks, while RT-PCR becomes negative after 21 days and up to 35 days in some cases. The Venezuelan Olfactory Test and taste test has a 61.68% positive predictive value, 45.83% sensitivity, and 68.7% specificity for SARS-CoV-2 infection.ConclusionsSmell and taste disorders are frequent symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but not a significant predictor of the disease, as compared to the molecular RT-PCR test.

AIM: This study evaluated using urine dipstick tests with the clean-catch method to screen for urinary tract infection (UTI) in febrile infants under 90 days of age. METHODS: We carried out a comparative diagnostic accuracy study of infants under 90 days old, who were studied for unexplained fever without any source, in the emergency room of a hospital in Madrid from January 2011 to January 2013. We obtained matched samples of urine using two different methods: a clean-catch, standardised stimulation technique and catheterisation collection. The results of the leucocyte esterase test and nitrite test were compared with their urine cultures. RESULTS: We obtained 60 pairs of matched samples. A combined analysis of leukocyte esterase and, or, nitrites yielded a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 80% for the diagnosis of UTIs in clean-catch samples. The sensitivity of leukocyte esterase and, or, nitrites in samples obtained by catheterisation were not statistically different to the clean-catch samples (p = 0.592). CONCLUSION: Performing urine dipstick tests using urine samples obtained by the clean-catch method was an accurate screening test for diagnosing UTIs in febrile infants of less than 90 days old. This provided a good alternative to bladder catheterisation when screening for UTIs. Sin financiación 2.265 JCR (2018) Q2, 43/125 Pediatrics 1.031 SJR (2018) Q1, 51/318 Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, 528/2844 Medicine (miscellaneous) No data IDR 2018 UEM

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cerebral amyloid distribution in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), assessed by carbon-11-Pittsburgh compound B (C-PIB) PET/CT, after 5 years of follow-up.Ten amnestic MCI (A-MCI) and four nonamnestic (NA-MCI) patients were studied by C-PIB PET/CT and re-evaluated 5 years later by a new C-PIB PET/CT. PET/CT scans were acquired 60-90 min after the administration of 555 MBq C-PIB and analyzed visually, to obtain a score of the cerebral cortical C-PIB retention in the frontal, basal ganglia (BG), temporoparietal (TP), occipital, posterior cingulate, and cerebellum areas. Initial and 5-year follow-up C-PIB retentions were compared.Initially, 9/10 A-MCI patients were C-PIB positive and one was C-PIB negative. All four NA-MCI patients were C-PIB negative. Of the C-PIB-positive A-MCI patients, seven progressed to Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD-D), one to mixed dementia and one remained as A-MCI. The C-PIB-negative A-MCI patient remained as A-MCI. Of the four C-PIB-negative NA-MCI, one progressed to semantic dementia. All changes in C-PIB retention were of low intensity. The A-MCI patients who progressed to AD-D (n=7) showed an increase in C-PIB retention in the frontal (5/7), BG (3/7), TP (3/7), occipital (1/7), and posterior cingulate (1/7) regions. The A-MCI patient who progressed to mix dementia showed an increase in C-PIB retention in the frontal region. The C-PIB-positive A-MCI patient who remained as A-MCI showed an increase in C-PIB retention in the frontal, BG, and TP areas. The amyloid deposition in the anterior part of the brain (frontal, TP, and BG) increased more than that in the posterior part (occipital and precuneus) (7/9 vs. 2/9; P0.05).PIB retention increased predominantly in the frontal, BG, and TP areas. C-PIB-positive A-MCI patients mostly progressed to AD-D, showing similar topographic changes in their cerebral C-PIB pattern than the patient who remained as A-MCI.

Background:Tocilizumab (TCZ) has shown efficacy in large vessel vasculitis (LVV)-Giant Cell Arteritis (LVV-GCA) (1-2). 18F-fluodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) is useful to assess LVV disease activity (3-5). It is unknown if early treatment with TCZ may have an influence on clinical, laboratory and imaging outcomes.Objectives:To assess clinical, laboratory and PET/CT activity improvement in LVV-GCA patients treated with TCZ according to the time from disease diagnosis to TCZ onset.Methods:Comparative single-center study of 30 LVV-GCA patients treated with TCZ who were divided into 2 groups depending on the time of onset of TCZ: a) early onset (≤ 6 months; n=15) and b) late onset (> 6 months; n=15). All patients had a baseline and a follow-up PET/CT scan. Complete clinical improvement and normalization of laboratory markers (CRP ≤0.5mg/dL and/or ESR ≤ 20 mm/1st hour) was assessed. For imaging evaluation, normalization of total visual score (TVS) was considered when TVS = 0 and normalization of semiquantitative activity if the target to background ratio (TBR) at the thoracic aorta was Results:30 patients were included (24 women/6 men); mean age 65.7± 9.8 years. Patients in the TCZ early-onset group were receiving higher doses of prednisone (10.0[5.9-15.0] vs 5.0 [5.0-7.5] mg/day; p< 0.01) and had higher TVS scores (7.0 [4.0-9.0] vs 3.0 [2.0-5.0]; p< 0.01) at baseline (Table 1). Following TCZ initiation, after a mean of 10.8±3.7 months, most patients achieved complete clinical improvement and normalization of ESR and CRP in both groups. Uncoupling with imaging outcomes was observed in both groups. Although non-significant statistical differences were observed, complete TBR normalization (TBR Table 1.Early-onset TCZ therapy(n= 15)Late-onset TCZ therapy(n=15)pGeneral featuresAge (years), mean ± SD65.8 ± 9.965.5 ± 10.10.94Sex (female), n (%)11 (73.3)13 (86.7)0.65GCA evolution before TCZ onset, median [IQR]2.0 [1.0-5.0]18.0 [9.0-34.0]< 0.01LaboratoryESR (mm/1st hour), mean ± SD34.7 ± 26.330.8 ± 28.70.70CRP (mg/dL), median [IQR]1.1 [0.6-2.3]0.8 [1.8 -2.5]0.28Prednisone dose (mg/day), mean ± SD10.0 [5.9-15.0]5.0 [5.0-7.5]0.01TCZ therapyIntravenous, n (%)10 (66.7)11(73.3)0.99Combined with MTX, n(%)6 (40)8 (53.3)0.46PET /CT activityTBR at thoracic aorta1.86 ± 0.691.54 ± 0.180.09TVS7.0 [4.0-9.0]3.0 [2.0-5.0]< 0.01Complete clinical improvement, n (%)13 (86.7)12 (80)0.99Normalization of ESR and CRP, n (%)15 (100)15 (100)0.99PET/CT improvementComplete TBR normalization6 (40)3 (20)0.23Complete TVS normalization2 (13.3)1 (6.7)0.54CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; TBR: target-to-background ratio. * Normalization of TBR was considered when TBR < 1.34. ** Normalization of TVS was considered when TVS=0.Conclusion:TCZ was effective in patients with LVV-GCA regardless the time from disease diagnosis to TCZ onset. However, complete normalization of vascular activity in PET/CT scans tended to occur more likely in patients who receive early-onset TCZ therapy within the first 6 months of the disease.References:[1]Calderón-Goercke M et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019; 49:126-135. PMID: 30655091[2]Prieto Peña D et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2020. PMID: 33253103[3]González-Gay MA et al. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2018; 14:593-605. PMID: 29877748[4]Martínez-Rodríguez et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum.2018; 47(4): 530-537. PMID: 28967430[5]Prieto-Peña D et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019; 48:720-727. PMID: 28967430Disclosure of Interests:Diana Prieto-Peña Grant/research support from: UCB Pharma, Roche, Sanofi, Pfizer, AbbVie and Lilly, Isabel Martínez-Rodríguez: None declared, Belén Atienza-Mateo: None declared, Oriana Cuenca-Vera: None declared, Francisco Javier Gomez de la Fuente: None declared, Aida Sanchez-Salmón: None declared, Miguel A González-Gay Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD, Jansen and Roche and had consultation fees/participation in company sponsored speaker´s bureau from Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Lilly, Celgene and MSD, Ricardo Blanco Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD and Roche, and had consultation fees/participation in company sponsored speaker´s bureau from Abbvie, Lilly, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, UCB Pharma and MSD

[EN] The possibility of carrying out research processes between the academic and the extra-academic in the field of culture and art is currently confronted with a number of difficulties. The separation between the research produced in the university and the fields to which it refers, the lack of resources and incentives to do research in the field of cultural production, and the forms of circulation of research are only some of the aspects that require a debate if we aspire to change this state of affairs., [ES] La posibilidad de llevar a cabo procesos de investigación entre lo académico y lo extra-académico en el campo de la cultura y el arte se encuentra en la actualidad con una serie de dificultades. La separación entre la investigación producida en la universidad y los campos a los que hace referencia, la falta de recursos y de incentivos para investigar en el ámbito de la producción cultural, y las formas de circulación de la investigación son solo algunos de los aspectos que requieren un debate si aspiramos a cambiar este estado de cosas.

In the Region of Madrid, universal immunization with the 13-serotypes pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) started in May 2010. In July 2012, public funding ceased. Vaccination coverage decreased from >95% to 82% in 2013 and to 67% in 2014. Our aim was to investigate the impact of PCV13 withdrawal from Madrid Region universal immunization program on the incidence of complicated pneumococcal bacteremia. We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study, from 2009 to 2014. Participants were children aged 100 mg/L and serotype 1. A multivariate analysis indicated that complications were associated with meningitis and hospital admission after July 2012. Sequelae were significantly associated with children

Aims: To describe a tuberculosis outbreak in a primary school arising from a secondary case. Methods: Contact study and clinical study of exposed patients. Chest x-ray, gastric aspirate processing, and clinical evaluation of all children with a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) were recorded. Differential diagnosis between tuberculosis disease (TB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTI). Results: Two groups were identified: one of higher exposure to the index case (>6 hours/day, for 3 months; n = 17 children) and one of sporadic exposure (

We have studied the possible relationship between the immunohistochemical expression of p16 INK4a and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG- PET) in 49 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immunohistochemical negativity of p16 INK4a was verified in 71.4 % of the patients, higher in squamous cell carcinomas than in adenocarcinomas (p: 0.033). The SUV max corre- lates with negativity for p16 INK4a (p: 0.042) and was higher (p: 0.024) in cases with p16 INK4a -negative (17.3 ± 8.3) than in cases with p16 INK4a -positive (12.7 ± 5.2). We can conclude that inactivation of the p16 INK4a gene is very frequent in NSCLC, with higher values in squamous cell carcinomas. SUV max correlated positively and statistically with negativity for p16 INK4a , which could explain why higher estimates of SUV max are found in squamous cell carcinomas when com- pared to adenocarcinomas. Only the clinical stage was found to be an independent prognostic value after multivariate analysis.

Objective To compare the incidence and epidemiology of bacteremic community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the setting of changes in 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) coverage. Study design In the region of Madrid, universal immunization with the PCV13 started in May 2010. In July 2012, public funding ceased. Vaccination coverage decreased from >95% to 82% in 2013 and to 67% in 2014. We performed a multicenter surveillance and case-control study from 2009-2014. Cases were hospitalized children with bacteremic CAP. Controls were children selected 1:1 from next-admitted with negative blood cultures and typical, presumed bacterial CAP. Results Annual incidence of bacteremic CAP declined from 7.9/100 000 children (95% CI 5.1-11.1) in 2009 to 2.1/100 000 children (95% CI 1.1-4.1) in 2012. In 2014, 2 years after PCV13 was withdrawn from the universal vaccination program, the incidence of bacteremic CAP increased to 5.4/100 000 children (95% CI 3.5-8.4). We enrolled 113 cases and 113 controls. Streptococcus pneumoniae caused most of bloodstream infections (78%). Empyema was associated with bacteremia ( P = .003, OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.4-8.9). Simple parapneumonic effusion was not associated with bacteremia. Incomplete PCV immunization was not a risk factor for bacteremic pneumonia. Conclusions High rate of PCV13 immunization was associated with decreased incidence of bacteremic CAP; this incidence increased when rate of immunization fell. Empyema (but not parapneumonic pleural effusion) was associated with bacteremia.

Questionnaires are important tools for assessing attitudes regarding conservation issues. However, they are not easily comparable and their reliability has been insufficiently assessed. We examined factors influencing responses to open- and closed-ended questions about animal conservation to more than 600 schoolchildren (9 years old on average). We analysed the level of understanding, controllable (e.g. sample size) and less controllable factors (e.g. affectivity). Most children responded appropriately to the questions, but subtle changes in the phrasing influenced the answers. Affectivity towards endearing species and spontaneity also influenced the responses whereas small sample sizes (similar to 50 children) provided relatively stable patterns. Overall, we suggest that standardization of questionnaires administered over large spatial and time scales is needed to accurately assess children's attitudes towards conservation issues.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy of diagnosing urinary tract infections using a new, recently described, standardized clean-catch collection technique. METHODS Cross-sectional study of infants

Kohler’s disease is an osteochondrosis of the tarsal navicular bone. The exact causes of osteochondrosis remain unknown. We report a 4-year-old girl with a haematogenous tarsal arthritis who developed a Kohler’s disease immediately after the infection. It is hypothesised that avascular necrosis of the navicular bone was developed secondary to pyogenic arthritis.

We present a 53-year-old man with a vocal cord paralysis observed as a primary manifestation of lung carcinoma. Tc-99m MDP whole body bone scan was performed and resulted in a normal scintiscan. The bone scan did not reveal any suspicious foci of uptake. The possibility of bone metastasis was taken into consideration. A whole body F18-FDG-PET scan showed intense uptake in the left upper lung corresponding to the primary tumor. A bronchial biopsy confirmed infiltration by small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). SCLC is composed of poorly differentiated, rapidly growing cells with diseases usually occurring centrally rather than peripherally. It metastasizes early. The whole-body F18-FDG-PET scan clearly demonstrated a focus of increased uptake in the second lumbar vertebral body suspicious for osteolytic metastasis. A lytic bone metastasis was confirmed by MRI. The patient then received therapy and underwent follow up abdominal CT. The scan showed blastic changes in the L2 vertebra suggesting response to treatment.

An analytical approach is reported that describes previously observed fast-light regimes in linear and passive Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI) where the optical path difference is due to a different length of the branches. Approximate expressions are developed for the transmission coefficient and group delay spectral functions valid for frequencies close to the transmission minima ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{min}}$, where these regimes occur. It is found that the group delay at ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{min}}$ verifies a simple scaling law. We demonstrate that slow light cannot arise in this system, and that tunneling and superluminal regimes appear only for low-loss devices, where the attenuation drives the change in the propagation regimes. The propagation of a sinusoidally modulated pulse train through the MZI is described, and relevant figures of merit, which are intrinsic to the system and universal for any operative spectral range, are determined. The theoretical approach is illustrated by simulations of a silicon-based interferometer designed for advancing pulses at 1.55 \ensuremath{\mu}m. Also, previously reported experimental results in the radiofrequency range are interpreted in the framework of the model.

For cultural reasons and due to the narrow vision of environmental policy makers, most conservation efforts focus on a few charismatic species and consequently neglect the majority of others under threat; many unpopular species are even killed in large numbers with little concern. Redressing this bias through educational programs is therefore important. Snakes are unpopular animals; they suffer from human harassment in most places and many populations have declined worldwide. Consequently, they provide suitable substrate to better improve conservation education in schoolchildren. Responses to a questionnaire administered to 2,570 schoolchildren (7–14 years old) from 10 countries showed that many children liked snakes and that most of the students wanted to see snakes protected. Such counterintuitive results were supported by the explanations given by the children, notably the reasons they liked or disliked snakes. Previous physical contact with snakes was often associated with snake likeability. W...

To describe a tuberculosis outbreak in a primary school arising from a secondary case.Contact study and clinical study of exposed patients. Chest x-ray, gastric aspirate processing, and clinical evaluation of all children with a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) were recorded. Differential diagnosis between tuberculosis disease (TB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTI).Two groups were identified: one of higher exposure to the index case (6 hours/day, for 3 months; n=17 children) and one of sporadic exposure (6 hours/day; n=82 children). Clinical or bacteriological criteria for diagnosing TB were seen in 6 out of 17 (35%) highly exposed children. Four of them had clinical or radiological criteria. The other two children were asymptomatic and had a normal chest X ray, but had a positive gastric aspirate for M. tuberculosis. The overall infection rate (TB+LTI) was 94%. One child out of 82 (1.2%) sporadically exposed children had radiological criteria for TB. Staff latent infection rate was 15%. Apart from the index case, there were no other tuberculosis cases among the staff. Relative risk (RR) of exposed children was 28.5 (95% CI: 3-250).Prolonged exposure to a baciliferous patient may infect almost every child exposed in closed groups. It can also cause a high attack rate. In this scenario, routine gastric aspirate may be considered for all children with a positive TST. It may identify early subclinical TB with an increased probability of isolating the M. tuberculosis. The potential benefit of this isolation may reach the entire cohort.

O presente texto é parte de um projecto de investigação conduzido pelo grupo ESBRINA da Universidade de Barcelona e tem por objetivo compreender as implicações da reestruturação económica, social, cultural, tecnológica e laboral da universidade espanhola na vida e na identidade profissional dos docentes e investigadores. As autoras analisam os efeitos performativos da lei na configuração da actividade docente através de um estudo que pretende estabelecer a relação entre a legislação universitária espanhola dos últimos 40 anos e as experiências de vários professores universitários de diferentes gerações.A metodologia qualitativa utilizada baseia-se na análise da legislação, incidindo sobre a definição de sujeito que dela emerge, e, ao mesmo tempo, procurando estabelecer uma e relação com os discursos autobiográficos dos participantes no estudo. O objectivo é salientar as transformações que se operaram na vida universitária a partir das alterações legislativas e, ao mesmo tempo, saber que estratégias foram e relação com os discursos autobiográficos dos participantes no estudo. O objectivo é salientar as transformações que se operaram na vida universitária a partir das alterações legislativas e, ao mesmo tempo, saber que estratégias foram utilizadas pelos docentes perante essas mudanças. A interacção entre a análise performativa da legislação universitária e os relatos autobiográficos da experiência vivida permite aferir as adaptações e resistências, encontros e desencontros, entre o sujeito normativo e o sujeito biográfico. The present text is part of a research project carried out by the research group ESBRINA of the University of Barcelona. Its aim is to understand the implications derived from economic, social, cultural, technological and labour re-structuring of the Spanish university in the life and professional identity of teachers and researchers. The authors analyze the performative effects of the law on the shaping of the teaching subject via the study of the relationships between the Spanish university laws of the last 40 years and the experiences of several university teachers from different generations. The qualitative methodology used is based on analysis of the legislative discourse- centred on the definition of “subject” that emerges from it-and on establishing its relationship with the autobiographical stories created by the participants in the study, in which its reception of change in academic life ¾determined in part by legislation¾ and their strategies in relating to these are put into relief. The interrelation between the performative analysis of university legislation and the autobiographical story of life experience allows visualizing the adaptations and resistances, the encounters and lack of encounters, between the normative subject and the biographical subject.

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive nuclear medicine technology which uses radiotracers and cameras slightly different from the ones used in other nuclear medicine tests. Most current indications are for oncological diseases; in nephrology-urology its use has been reduced because of the characteristics of the most commonly used radiotracer, 18F-fluor deoxiglucose (18F-FDG, a glucose analogue), which is excreted by the kidney, limiting the interpretation of the study in urologic malignancies. Currently, 18F-choline is a promising radiotracer for both staging and restaging, especially if hybrid PET/CT scan devices are used. New radiotracers will be needed in the evolution of PET to obtain information about more specific aspects of prostate carcinoma that will modify therapy and follow-up.

La Tomografía por Emisión de Positrones (PET) es una técnica de medicina nuclear, no invasiva, que utiliza radiofármacos y cámaras de detección de radiaciones algo diferentes a las empleadas en otras exploraciones isotópicas. La mayoría de las indicaciones son oncológicas, si bien, en nefrourología su uso ha sido menor debido a las características del radiofármaco hasta ahora más comúnmente usado, la 18F-FlúorDeoxiGlucosa (18F-FDG), un análogo de la glucosa que se elimina por vía renal, lo que dificulta su interpretación en las patologías urológicas tumorales. Un fármaco prometedor en este momento es la 18F-colina, tanto en estadificación como reestadificación, especialmente si se usan equipos híbridos PET/TAC. La evolución de la PET en el carcinoma de próstata pasa por la utilización de otros radiofármacos que darán información sobre otros aspectos más específicos que modificarán las terapias y seguimiento del paciente.

EGFR, an oncogenic tyrosine kinase receptor, is a relevant target for anti-cancer therapies; survival of cancer cells however, is also maintained by EGFR regardless of its kinase activity. In tumor cells EGFR prevents autophagic cell death by maintaining the intracellular glucose level through interaction and stabilization of the sodium/glucose cotrans- porter 1 (SGLT1). Since this function of EGFR directly impacts on glucose uptake, positron emission tomography (PET) scans would be a useful biomarker for therapy aimed toward inhibiting the binding of EGFR to SGLT1. Here, we ana- lyzed the possible relationship between the immunoexpression of EGFR in patients with squamous cell lung cancer and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET. Membranous immunostaining for EGFR was positive in all patients, and a correlation between EGFR expression and SUVmax was observed (p