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Dump sites pose a significant threat to groundwater resources due to the possibility of leachate leakage into the aquifer. This study investigated the impact of leachate on groundwater quality in the southwest region of Zanjan City, Iran, where groundwater is utilized for drinking, agricultural, and industrial purposes. We analyzed 18 parameters of dump site leachate, including physicochemical, heavy metals, and bacterial properties, alongside 13 groundwater samples. Sampling was conducted twice, in November 2020 and June 2021, within a five-kilometer radius of the Zanjan dump site. We utilized the Leachate Pollution Index (LPI) to evaluate potential groundwater contamination by leachate leakage from nearby dumpsite. Additionally, due to the predominant agricultural activities in the study area, various indices were employed to assess groundwater quality for agricultural purposes, such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Index (SSI), Kelly Ratio (KR), and Permeability Index (PI). Our analysis revealed no observed contamination related to leachate in the study area according to the LPI results. However, with the persistent pollution threat, implementing sanitary measures at the dump site is crucial to prevent potential impacts on groundwater quality. Moreover, the assessment of groundwater quality adequacy for irrigation yielded satisfactory results for SAR, KR, and PI indices. However, during both the dry (November 2020) and wet seasons (June 2021), the SSP index indicated that 80% of the samples were not classified as excellent, suggesting groundwater may not be suitable for agriculture. Overall, our qualitative study highlights the significant impact of the dry season on groundwater quality in the study area, attributed to elevated concentration levels of the investigated parameters within groundwater sources during the dry season.

Few existing research examines the relationship between transformational leadership and professional learning communities. This study aims to explore the relationship between transformational leadership and professional learning community components from the perspective of teachers in the Chinese context. A total of 385 primary school teachers participated in the questionnaire survey. This quantitative study used the 12-item Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and the16-item PLC scale. The structural equation model showed a good fit. The results showed that transformational leadership had a significant positive effect on professional learning community. Moreover, it has a significant impact on all four components of PLC, namely, organizational learning, shared responsibility, reflective dialogue, de-privatized practice. Transformational leadership conflicts with Chinese Confucian culture on some core features, which provides valuable cases for research on the applicability of transformational leadership in different contexts. At the same time, it also provides empirical evidence for the study of the relationship between transformational leadership and professional learning communities.

Considering current global climate change, drought stress is regarded as a major problem negatively impacting the growth of soybeans, particularly at the critical stages R3 (early pod) and R5 (seed development). Microbial inoculation is regarded as an ecologically friendly and low-cost-effective strategy for helping soybean plants withstand drought stress. The present study aimed to isolate newly drought-tolerant bacteria from native soil and evaluated their potential for producing growth-promoting substances as well as understanding how these isolated bacteria along with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could mitigate drought stress in soybean plants at critical growth stages in a field experiment. In this study, 30 Bradyrhizobium isolates and 30 rhizobacterial isolates were isolated from the soybean nodules and rhizosphere, respectively. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 was used for evaluating their tolerance to drought, and then the production of growth promotion substances was evaluated under both without/with PEG. The most effective isolates (DTB4 and DTR30) were identified genetically using 16S rRNA gene. A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of inoculation with DTB4 and DTR30 along with AMF (Glomus clarum, Funneliformis mosseae, and Gigaspora margarita) on the growth and yield of drought-stressed soybeans. Our results showed that the bioinoculant applications improved the growth traits (shoot length, root length, leaf area, and dry weight), chlorophyll content, nutrient content (N, P, and K), nodulation, and yield components (pods number, seeds weight, and grain yield) of soybean plants under drought stress (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, proline contents were decreased due to the bioinoculant applications under drought when compared to uninoculated treatments. As well as the count of bacteria, mycorrhizal colonization indices, and the activity of soil enzymes (dehydrogenase and phosphatase) were enhanced in the soybean rhizosphere under drought stress. This study’s findings imply that using a mixture of bioinoculants may help soybean plants withstand drought stress, particularly during critical growth stages, and that soybean growth, productivity, and soil microbial activity were improved under drought stress.

Abstract The present study revealed for the first time the removal of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) with a high efficiency using an eco-friendly composite beads of alginate with the green alga Ulva fasciata compared to calcium alginate beads. This conclusion was reached in this study from the comparison of the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) by the well-known biosorbent material, calcium alginate (CA) with the studied calcium alginate/Ulva fasciata (CA/UF) biocomposite beads. The characterization of the prepared beads was achieved using several techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX). The Brunauer, Emmett, Teller (BET) and Barrett, Joyner, Halenda (BJH) analyses were also employed which indicated a three-fold increase in the surface area, a mean pore diameter of 2.3-fold and a total pore volume of 14-fold for calcium alginate/Ulva fasciata composite compared to calcium alginate beads. The results of batch experiments demonstrated the fast complete removal of Cr(VI) by the CA/UF composite compared to the maximum removal (75%) by CA. The Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm model reflected the physical pore volume filling of Cr(VI) rather than adsorption on the pore walls, giving an adsorption mean free energy (2.24 kJ/mol) for CA/UF greater than that of CA (0.13 kJ/mol). Furthermore, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller isotherm reflected the multilayer adsorption for CA and CA/UF. Flory–Huggins isotherm model showed the more spontaneous adsorption for CA/UF than CA, with negative Gibbs free energy ΔG 0 values of − 4.76 and − 6.91 kJ/mol, respectively. Whereas, Temkin isotherm model showed a higher adsorption binding energy of Cr(VI) on CA/UF than CA beads. In this study, the Langmuir model of Cr(VI) adsorption on CA/UF beads was the least applied among all studied adsorption isotherm models, which also revealed the multilayer adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI) ions. The Intra-particle diffusion model was applied for CA/UF composite beads, and this application suggested that the intra-particle diffusion is a part of the rate-limiting steps. The regeneration study showed a decrease in the adsorption efficiency of CA/UF composite from 97.4 to 82.3% for three consecutive cycles.

The research was aimed to demonstrate the frequency of virulence factors genes (exoenzyme S and exotoxin A) and to express their relationship to antibacterial resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients suffering from otitis externa. The results were revealed that only twenty one (32%) out of 65 clinical ear swabs were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. According to PCR amplification, 18 (85.7%) bacterial isolates were expressed both toxins ( exoenzyme S and exotoxin A). The data get by real time experiments were revealed that the isolates were give higher percentage of resistance were seen against Ceftazidime (90.5%) and Gentamicin (88.5%).Only thirteen isolates (61,90%) of Multidrug resistance (MDR) –Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were detected, and two (9.5%) isolates were resist to all 8 classes of antibiotics and considered as PDR, and three (14.2%) bacterial isolates resist seven classes of antibiotics which considered as XDR.

The present study investigates the efficiency of marine green macroalga Ulva fasciata to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The alga was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-rays (EDAX) and BET analyses. The effects of various operating parameters such as pH (1–9), biosorbent dose (0.05–0.25 g), initial concentration (10–200 mg/l) and temperature (30–50 °C) were also examined. At concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/l, it was observed that Cr(VI) was completely removed from the solutions after only 5 min contact time. The adsorption experiment data fully showed the applicability of the Harkins-Jura isotherm model. Amongst the applied kinetic models, pseudo-second-order kinetic model was the best fitted one. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°) revealed the feasibility of spontaneous random exothermic adsorption. The results indicated the high removal efficiency of Cr(VI) from its aqueous solutions by the raw alga Ulva fasciata because of its low-cost, ecofriendly and promising biosorbent quality.

Background. Blood transfusion is an essential component in the care of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), but it might be associated with serious acute and delayed complications. This study was aimed to describe red cell transfusion patterns and indications among hospitalized SCD children in a low-resource setting. Patients and Methods. A retrospective, descriptive study of all children (≤16 years) with SCD who received blood transfusion therapy during their hospital admissions in the pediatric department at Al-Sadaqa Teaching Hospital in Aden, Yemen, for a period of one year. Results. Out of 217 hospitalized children with SCD, 169 (77.9%) were transfused and received 275 RBC transfusion episodes. The mean age of transfused children was 6.9 ± 4.6 years and 103 (60.9%) were males, with a male/female ratio of 1.6 : 1 (p=0.004). Hemoglobin (Hb) levels were significantly lower in the transfused than in the nontransfused (Hb 5.5 ± 1.5 vs. 7.7 ± 1.5 g/dL, p=0.03). Pretransfusion Hb levels were ˂7.0 g/dL in 86.2% and ˂5.0 g/dL in 39.3% of patients. Single transfusion was given to 122 (72.2%) and 5 or more transfusions in 9 (4.15%) of patients on different occasions. Simple (top-up) transfusion was used in all transfusion events. Commonest indications for transfusion were anemic crises (41.1%), vasoocclusive crises (VOC) (13.8%), VOC with anemic event (11.3%), acute chest syndrome (8.7%), and stroke (7.3%). Conclusion. Intermittent blood transfusion remains a common practice for the management of children with acute SCD complications. Main indications were acute anemic crises, severe pain crises, ACS, and stroke. In limited resource settings, such as Yemen, conservative transfusion policy appears to be appropriate.

Multi – drug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa had emerged in Iraq and seen mainly in the hospitals is due to the selective pressure by over usage of antibiotics. P. aeruginosa considered as a serious therapeutic challenge for treatment of both nosocomial and community-acquired infections. For this reason the selection of the appropriate antibiotic to initiate therapy is essential to optimizing the clinical outcome 1,2. The recent research was design to detect and characterized the antibiotic resistant patterns of P. aeruginosa and also to detect the presence of bacterial plasmid of multiple antibiotic resistant strains that’s obtained from clinical burns samples in Baghdad, against some of the commonly prescribed antibiotics. Out of 52 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were collected from 152 burns swabs at two teaching hospitals in Baghdad city. Purified isolates of diagnosed P.aeruginosa were underwent to various morphology, biochemical tests, antibiotic sensitivity testing by using discs diffusion method as recommended and developed by CLSI . Only the seventieth MDR bacterial isolates were underwent for profiling of plasmid. Fourteen different antibiotics discs will be use to detect the drug susceptibility and bacterial isolates resistance pattern , and the plasmid will be extracted by using commercial plasmid isolation kit ( Promega company / USA) and electrophoresis of the plasmid will be done by using o.8% agarose gel. The examined isolates were expressed resistance pattern as following: Piperacillin 2 (3.84%); Ciprofloxacin 6 (11.53%); Aztreonam 8(15.38%), Ceftazidime 9(17.30%); Amikacin 10 (19.23%); Levofloxacin 10 (19.23%); Gentamycin 12(23.07%); Meropenem 15(28.84%); Mezlocillin 20(38.46%); Tetracycline 37(71.15%); Imipenem 22 (42.30%); Trimethoprim – sulfamethoxazol 32(61.53%); Nalidixic acid 46(88.46%); and Amoxicillin 49(94.23. The result of the plasmid profiling has been revealed that there were five detectable plasmids 5 (29.41) out of 17 MDR P. aeruginosa isolates while, the remaining twelve (70.58%) bacterial isolates were lacked plasmid. Four isolates (23.52%) isolates expressed single sized plasmid (550 – 800bp) and only one (5.88%) isolate was expressed double plasmids between (550-940 bp). The present study was determined the dangerous of MDR P. aeruginosa and it constitute a major and strict problem in our hospitals. Eradication and control methods should be used to avoid and prevent the spreading of this threat. In addition, avoid over usage of any antibiotic to overcome the evolution of resistance. The combination of antibacterial sensitivity test with detection of the plasmid might be the easiest, cheapest, and effective method for clarifying the origin of infection.

The antifungal activity and the chemical constituents of selected macroalgae collected from the Egyptian Mediterranean coast of Alexandria have been investigated. Agar well diffusion assay was used to determine the antifungal potential of the extractable matter against Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Tricoderma hamatum, Aspergillus flavipes and Candida albicans. The ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts (ULE2 and ULM5) of Ulva lactuca obtained from Al Selsela exhibited the highest activity with (AI) = 1.05 ± 0.053 and 1.03 ± 0.052, respectively, compared with fluconazole. However, the methanolic extract of U. lactuca (ULM1) from Abu Qir Bay showed (AI) = 0.73 ± 0.037. This followed by methanolic extracts of Pterocladia capillacea (PCM1: AI = 0.70 ± 0.035 and Ulva fasciata (UFM1: AI = 0.69 ± 0.035). GC/MS analysis of ULM1 and ULM5 indicated the existence of different constituents revealing ecological impacts. The methanolic extract (UFM1) contains six major components including palmitic acid, methylester, trichloromethyloxirane, linolenic acid, ethylester, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, 11-octadecenoic acid, methylester and 12,15-octadecadienoic acid, methylester. High percentages of palmitic acid, n-heptacosane, 2-methylhexadecan-1-ol, methoxy acetic acid, 2-tridecylester and myristic acid are found in the methanolic extract of P. capillacea (PCM1). Most of the identified components have been reported to possess antimicrobial activity that could be responsible for the antifungal potential reported in the present study.

Background: Infective keratitis is the most common cause of blindness and preventable ocular morbidity worldwide. There are many published series of infective keratitis from both temperate and tropical parts of the world, and management strategies are well established1. Objective: The current study was aimed to detect the specific bacteria and predisposing factors that predisposed for the bacterial keratitis. Material and methods: Retrospective study of the hospital records of 40 patients who were diagnosed as bacterial keratitis and treated at the Ophthalmology in-patient department of at Ibn Al- haithum Teaching Hospital from May 2015 to December 2015.Patients who don’t have corneal scraping, or culture and sensitivity findings discarded from this study. Predisposing factors, clinical and microbiological data were reviewed. Corneal scrapings were obtained by physicians then were subjected for bacterial culture and biochemical tests. Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common bacteria isolated at higher percentage 19(47.5%) cases whereas Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated at lower percentage 2(5%). The most common risk factors was foreign body in 10 (25%) followed by contact lenses in 8 (20%) patients. Conclusion: Gram negative bacteria were the most frequent bacterial organisms especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from corneal scraping and corneal ulcer was found to be occurring principally by foreign body followed by contact lens wearing.

Background: LasA protease play a major role in the colonization of the bacteria to the cornea during bacterial keratitis by preventing other bacteria from colonization to the cornea, for example in the mixed infection with S. aureus the enzyme eradicate the bacteria by their lysis it and finally eliminate the competitive for P. aeruginosa bacteria. Objective: To study the role of LasA protease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the treatment of experimental keratitis caused by S. aureus. Patients and methods: One hundred - twenty clinical samples (corneal scraping) were collected from patients suspected with bacterial keratitis presenting to Ibn Al-Haitham Teaching Hospital from May 2013 until November 2013. The bacterial isolate of P. aeruginosa that harbored LasA gene and capable of production of enzyme was analyzed by Real - time PCR. LasA protease enzyme was extracted by cold centrifugation and purified by gel - filtration chromatography. Results: The results of the experimental treatment of bacterial keratitis (in vivo) of infected rabbits eyes caused by S. aureus has showed that the efficacy of LasA protease was effective as Lysostaphin drug in eradicating the S.aureus from the infected corneas. While Vancomycin drug gave very little potency in the eradicating S. aureus from corneas in comparison with potency of LasA protease and Lysostaphin during this time but showed good potency with very late period ( approximately after 3 days) after application of treatment. Conclusion: The current study revealed that the LasA protease efficacy in the experimental treatment of bacterial keratitis of rabbit’s eye corneas was good and similar to that of Lysostaphin in eradicating S. aureus from corneas of these animals and was higher than that of Vancomycin.

Background:

Summary: Background: This study was conducted to isolate and identify the bacterial isolates of neonatal septicemia in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unite in the Baghdad teaching hospital and the resistance of these locally isolates to different antibiotics. Suspected cases of neonatal sepsis which were not treated with any antibiotics were enrolled. Methods: One to two milliliter of blood specimens were collected from these neonates aged from 3-7 days and cultured in Brain heart infusion broth. Results: Out of 90 neonates, 15 ( 15.5%) were positive on blood cultures. Results showed that nine isolates have been obtained belonging to Klebsiella spp. comprising (60%) out of the total isolates followed by Staphylococcus aureus (27.7%) and E coli (13.3%). Depending on these results, all isolates from neonates possessed high resistance against Penicillin, Ampicillin and Gentamicine, but were sensitive to Cefotaxime, Ciprofloxacin and Amikacin. Of the 15 cases four died only. Conclusion: I concluded from this study that the Gram negative bacteria especially Klebsiella spp (nonsocial al pathogen was a major pathogen especially among premature neonates.

Cancer survivors may be struggling to re‐create meaning in life. Addressing their personal sources of meaning can support them in this process. The sources of meaning card method (SoMeCaM) aims to map and explore personal sources of meaning in a 1‐h session. It includes 26 cards, each with a statement on a source of meaning. The purpose of this study was to validate the statements on the sources of meaning cards for use among participants in cancer rehabilitation by examining whether participants attribute the same meaning to the statements as intended. The three step test interview method was used to assess response processes to the sources of meaning cards among 12 participants in a 5‐day cancer rehabilitation program in Denmark. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using framework analysis. Nineteen of the 26 statements were interpreted congruently, that is, in line with the underlying theory, by all participants. Issues of incongruency, ambiguity and confusion were observed in participants' interpretations of the statements on religiosity (n = 6), spirituality (n = 10), and reason (n = 6). Minor issues were observed for the statements on practicality, achievement, knowledge, and attentiveness. In most statements, cancer survivors' interpretation aligned with the underlying theory. Problems were apparent regarding the sources of meaning religiosity, spirituality and reason, and a reconsideration of the wording of the statements is recommended. These problems may be due to cultural and linguistic interpretations rather than to being a cancer survivor. Future studies could focus on these issues in other target populations. Despite these minor issues, the SoMeCaM has proven useful in addressing the important topic of meaning in life in the cancer rehabilitation setting. Clinicians should pay attention to nuances in participants' understanding of the cards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contamination of aquatic environment by hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) is a major threat due to its health and environmental risks. The biosorption of Cr (VI) using various microorganisms has been extensively examined. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using the dead biomass of the black yeast Hortaea werneckii SAHE, isolated from sediment samples collected from a solar saltern, as a biosorbent for the removal of Cr (VI). The yeast surface characteristics were examined, and batch experiments were applied to get isothermal and kinetic data. The results revealed that the biosorption process followed the pseudo-second order and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models. The experimental data closely matched both Dubinin–Radushkevich and Langmiur isotherms with a maximum sorption capacity of 4.44mg/ g. The calculated thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°) indicated that the biosorption of Cr (VI) ions onto H. werneckii was feasible, endothermic and spontaneous. A complete removal of Cr (VI) ions was recorded at a concentration of 10mg/ L at room temperature and a pH value of 1.0 after 15min. This study demonstrated that the toxic Cr (VI) could be effectively removed from different wastewater samples by H. werneckii biomass with an adsorption efficiency ranging between 89.06 and 91.95%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering current global climate change, drought stress is regarded as a major problem negatively impacting the growth of soybeans, particularly at the critical stages R3 (early pod) and R5 (seed development). Microbial inoculation is regarded as an ecologically friendly and low-cost-effective strategy for helping soybean plants withstand drought stress. The present study aimed to isolate newly drought-tolerant bacteria from native soil and evaluated their potential for producing growth-promoting substances as well as understanding how these isolated bacteria along with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could mitigate drought stress in soybean plants at critical growth stages in a field experiment. In this study, 30 Bradyrhizobium isolates and 30 rhizobacterial isolates were isolated from the soybean nodules and rhizosphere, respectively. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 was used for evaluating their tolerance to drought, and then the production of growth promotion substances was evaluated under both without/with PEG. The most effective isolates (DTB4 and DTR30) were identified genetically using 16S rRNA gene. A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of inoculation with DTB4 and DTR30 along with AMF (Glomus clarum, Funneliformis mosseae, and Gigaspora margarita) on the growth and yield of drought-stressed soybeans. Our results showed that the bioinoculant applications improved the growth traits (shoot length, root length, leaf area, and dry weight), chlorophyll content, nutrient content (N, P, and K), nodulation, and yield components (pods number, seeds weight, and grain yield) of soybean plants under drought stress (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, proline contents were decreased due to the bioinoculant applications under drought when compared to uninoculated treatments. As well as the count of bacteria, mycorrhizal colonization indices, and the activity of soil enzymes (dehydrogenase and phosphatase) were enhanced in the soybean rhizosphere under drought stress. This study's findings imply that using a mixture of bioinoculants may help soybean plants withstand drought stress, particularly during critical growth stages, and that soybean growth, productivity, and soil microbial activity were improved under drought stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Chemistry & Biotechnology is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the pioneering development of organoids from malignant ascites for cancer research in Oman, highlighting their potential to enhance drug discovery and testing. Topics include the limitations of traditional in vitro and animal studies, the advancements in organ-on-chip technology, and the specific process and benefits of creating organoids from patient-derived ascitic fluid.

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Chemistry & Biotechnology is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The continuous production and widespread use of synthetic plastics, along with the resulting waste, pose significant environmental challenges and threaten ecosystems. Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as a novel type of contaminants in aquatic environments, posing risks to both ecosystems and human health. Egypt is distinguished by the diversity of its aquatic environment. The Mediterranean Sea is globally recognized as a major hotspot for the accumulation of marine litter and plastic pollution. On the other hand, the Nile River is considered a major source of plastic pollution flowing into the eastern Mediterranean basin. In addition, the Red Sea Coast of Egypt is confronted with various anthropogenic stressors that contribute to the accumulation of plastic litter in the region, causing a significant threat to the sensitive and critical ecosystems found there. Despite the global documentation of MPs pollution, there is a lack of sufficient data on the extent of MPs and their interaction with other contaminants in the aquatic environment of Egypt. Monitoring and assessing the extent of MPs pollution in aquatic environments are crucial initial steps, providing a foundation for developing recommendations and policies to mitigate major marine pollutants. This study concerned with MPs pollution in the aquatic environment, with an aim to define the various types of MPs, their sources, fate, toxicity, characterization and impact on human health. In addition, it aimed to summarize the existing research conducted in the Egyptian aquatic environments, offering an overview of the current knowledge regarding the abundance and distribution of MPs in Egypt's aquatic ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Chemistry & Biotechnology is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Chemistry & Biotechnology is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Proteases have various applications in the food, pharmaceutical, medicine, pathogenicity of some pathogenic bacteria, and detergent sectors as well as meeting the needs of approximately 60% of the global enzyme industry, whereas they catalyze the breakdown of protein molecules into peptides and amino acids. Production and purification of protease enzyme by the isolate Escherichia coli AJ55 was scrutinized in the present study. Cultivation optimum conditions, were various complex medium, carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature, pH of the medium, and time of incubation were optimized to enhance the total protease production in shake flask culture of E.coli AJ55. The nutrient broth supplemented with 2% glucose and 2% yeast extract, with a pH of 7.0 and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours, better conditioned for producing the maximum production of protease. Escherichia coli AJ55 proteolytic enzyme was separated and purified using ion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-Cellulose column and Sephadex G-150 gel after being precipitated with 0-70% saturated ammonium sulfate. Protease that had been partially purified had a yield of 34%, a purification fold of 13.4, an activity of 12.16 U/ml, a protein concentration of 0.005 mg/ml, and a specific activity of 2432 U/mg. By using gel filtration chromatography on a Sephadex G-150 gel, partially purified protease was examined for its ability to cleave the mucin protein. The findings of mucin biodegradation showed that the five fractions of the small peptides were produced after treatment of mucin with partially purified protease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Chemistry & Biotechnology is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Chemistry & Biotechnology is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Chemistry & Biotechnology is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Chemistry & Biotechnology is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Chemistry & Biotechnology is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)