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In this paper, based on the bilinear form, we give multi-solitary wave solutions of the $$(4+1)$$ -dimensional Fokas equation. From the obtained multi-solitary wave solutions, with special parameters, we derive resonant solutions of N-solitary waves. For complex conjugate parameters, we analyze interactions of two periodic waves, interactions of a solitary wave and a periodic wave by making use of their phase shifts. Particularly, the intermediate processes of elastic interactions are analyzed in detail, and interesting fusional and fissionable phenomena are found. The asymptotic interactional behaviors for these solutions are analyzed theoretically and illustrated graphically.

Objective To evaluate the effect of training for enterostomal therapists (ETs) based on Kirkpatrick’s Four Levels of Training Evaluation model. To understand ET trainees' work status after completing the Enterostomal Therapy Nursing Education Program (ETNEP) course as well as the ET students' satisfaction of teachers and studying conditions when completing the Wenzhou ETNEP. Methods One hundred and sixty-nine students who had completed the Wenzhou ETNEP were evaluated by Kirkpatrick’s Four Levels of Training Evaluation model from four perspectives, namely the Reaction, Learning, Behaviour and Result levels. Results The overall satisfaction of the Wenzhou ETNEP was high in the Reaction level. In the Reaction Level the average matrix score of training programs and teachers was: >1.4. In the Behavioural level, 103 ETs participated in stoma and wound clinics, with 99.2% of them actively promoting ET nursing knowledge and 18 ETs (13.2%) serving as teachers of ETNEP schools. One hundred and sixteen ETs (85.3%) conducted ET-related nursing courses for other nursing staff and 58.8% of ETs had conducted continued education courses. Of the ETs, 22.8% participated in the hospital’s outpatient or outreach stoma and wound care services. In the Result level, 58.8% of ETs participated in nursing research of the specialty, 29.4% of ETs had obtained scientific research funds and 136 ETs had published papers. Conclusion Students are satisfied with the ETNEP training they received. Their ability to work and function as ETs has improved on completion of their training. In addition, their professional standing has improved, with all ETNEP participants having achieved good results in the fields of specialised nursing, extended nursing, scientific research and teaching. However, in reviewing the survey results and aligning these with current standards of practice and employment of ETs in China, there is the need to modify parts of the ETNEP (such as raising the degree of ET students' entry criteria), standardise teaching materials and establish communication processes with mechanisms for exchanging ET teachers nationally and internationally, to ensure the quality of teaching and improve the quality of specialised ET nursing.

In this paper, we study some exact solutions of the (3 + 1)-dimensional variable-coefficient nonlinear wave equation in liquid with gas bubbles. Based on a given transformation and the bilinear form, together with symbolic computations, we obtain the multi-soliton solutions and periodic solutions including X-periodic, Y-periodic and 2-periodic wave solutions. By using of the long wave limit method, we obtain lump solutions and lump-periodic solutions that lumps moving on a background with different periodic waves. The properties of the solutions are analyzed graphically.

This case study summarises the treatment of a patient with diabetic foot gangrene. By undergoing irrigation and negative pressure wound therapy (INPWT) with moist dressing, foot amputation was avoided. The treatment process included: the comprehensive assessment of systemic and local condition; choosing suitable debridement such as sharp surgical debridement; preventing the spread of infection; applying INPWT to reduce endotoxin absorption; and active treatments of primary disease such as controlling blood sugar and blood pressure, and improving microcirculation and nutrition. After 2 months of vigorous INPWT, the patient’s wound bed improved. After the application of a moist dressing, the wound closed and healed successfully at 3 months.

Background Anti-coagulant therapy satisfaction for patients with atrial fibrillation is a critical issue, which impacts on their treatment adherence and clinical outcomes. The disadvantages of long-term warfarin treatment are well-described, and novel oral anti-coagulants have become an alternative option. Materials and Methods We compared patient-reported treatment satisfaction with dabigatran versus warfarin in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients in China. Treatment satisfaction was assessed using the Anti-Clot Treatment Scale (ACTS) questionnaire, which included a 12-item ACTS Burdens scale and a 3-item ACTS Benefits scale. Results Among 834 patients, 246 patients (29.5%) were taking dabigatran and the others were on warfarin. Propensity score matching was employed to identify 182 patient pairs with balanced baseline characteristics. The global ACTS Burdens score and the global ACTS Benefits score were comparable between the dabigatran and warfarin groups (44.86 ± 3.95 vs. 44.28 ± 3.51, p = 0.423; 11.49 ± 2.92 vs. 11.42 ± 3.03, p = 0.194, respectively). The monthly cost of dabigatran was significantly higher compared with that of warfarin due to a lack of insurance coverage (USD 176.78 ± 9.15 vs. USD 2.49 ± 0.76, p = 0.000). The discontinuation rate of dabigatran was significantly higher than warfarin at the 6-month follow-up (33.5% vs. 19.2%, p = 0.003). Adjusted logistic regression showed that dabigatran was associated with a significant greater odds of non-persistence (odds ratio: 2.13, 95% confidence interval: 1.27–3.59, p = 0.004). Conclusion Dabigatran therapy in patients with NVAF in China associated with no improvement in satisfaction and a higher discontinuation rate compared with warfarin therapy largely due to increased economic burden.

Objective To explore the effect of glucose pretreatment on neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs) exposed to high glucose. Methods The experiment was divided into control group, high glucose (HG) group and glucose pretreatment (PG) group. DMEM+5mmol/L D-glucose cultured for 6h as the control group. To mimic a type 2 diabetic mellitus animal model, the cells were exposed to D-glucose at a final concentration of 50mmol/L for 96h (HG group), and pretreated with glucose (10mmol/L) for 4h (PG group) before exposure to high glucose, repeated 3 times and 4h DMEM (5mmol/L D-glucose) was the time interval. MTS was performed to detect myocardial cell activity. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected with JC-1 staining. The expression levels of apoptosis related proteins Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 were detected by Western blotting. Results Compared to the control group, cell activity in HG group declined significantly in MTS assay (P0.05). Conclusion Glucose-pretreatment may increase the cardiomyocytes activity, reduce apoptosis, and extenuate mitochondrial injury, so relieve the high glucose-induced toxicity on NRCs. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2018.09.05

In this paper, by using the bilinear equation and different test functions, we obtain lump–bell solutions for the $$(4+1)$$ -dimensional Fokas equation, which describe nonelastic and elastic interactions. We consider various interactions of the lump–bell solutions including fusion, fission, catch-up and head-on. The asymptotic behaviors and dynamics of lump–bell solutions are analyzed graphically. With a scaling transformation, we also obtain the lump–kink solution which describes elastic interactions of a lump- and a kink-type wave for the $$(3+1)$$ -dimensional potential Yu–Toda–Sasa–Fukuyama equation.

This study examined the effects of integrating writing strategy training into EFL writing instruction on learners’ strategy use and writing performance. Two classes of EFL adult learners participated in this study. The experimental group were instructed with the writing strategy training in their EFL writing class for 14 weeks, whereas the control group received the same EFL writing program without any explicit strategy training. Mixed methods were applied in collecting data. The quantitative instruments included the writing strategy questionnaires and writing performance tests, which were both pre-tested and post-tested in the both groups. The qualitative instruments of reflective journals were also conducted in the experimental group to probe deeper insights into learners’ strategy changes. The findings showed that there were significantly positive differences in learners’ using writing strategies and in writing proficiency favoring the experimental group. The findings of this study indicate that writing strategy training can be integrated in the EFL writing instruction, and can bring to positive impacts for learners’ strategic awareness and writing strategy use as well as their writing performance. The paper suggested the strong need to the process-based writing instruction, and writing strategy training holds promise in this regard.

Objective: To study the correlation of late-pregnancy serum 25-OH-VitD3 content with maternal endothelial injury and placental apoptosis in pregnant women with preeclampsia (PE). Methods: PE pregnant women and healthy pregnant women who gave birth in the First People’s Hospital of Yichang between June 2014 and February 2017 were selected as PE group and control group respectively. At 32 weeks of gestation and before delivery, the serum was collected respectively to determine the contents of 25-OH-VitD3 and endothelial lesion markers; after delivery, the placenta was collected to determine the expression of apoptosis molecules. Results: 25-OH-VitD3 contents in serum as well as XIAP and Survivin mRNA expression in placental tissue of PE group were significantly lower than those of control group while sEng, sFlt-1, IFI16 and tTG contents in serum as well as AP-2α, Smac and PTEN mRNA expression in placental tissue were significantly higher than those of control group; sEng, sFlt-1, IFI16 and tTG contents in serum as well as AP-2α, Smac and PTEN mRNA expression in placental tissue of PE pregnant women with low 25-OH-VitD3 content were significantly higher than those of PE pregnant women with high 25-OH-VitD3 content while XIAP and Survivin mRNA expression were significantly lower than those of PE pregnant women with high 25-OH-VitD3 content. Conclusions: The decline of late-pregnancy serum 25-OH-VitD3 content can aggravate the maternal endothelial injury and placental apoptosis in pregnant women with PE.

By using of the bilinear form, rational solutions and lump solutions of the potential Yu–Toda–Sasa–Fukuyama (YTSF) equation are derived. Dynamics of the fundamental lump solution, n 1-order lump solutions, and N-lump solutions are studied for some special cases. We also find some interaction behaviours of solitary waves and one lump of rational solutions.

Background miR-34a was downregulated and PD-L1 was upregulated in cervical cancer; however, the treatment of cervical cancer lacks precision and targeting. This study explored the ultrasound-mediated co-delivery of miR-34a and sPD-1 complexes with microbubbles for synergistic cancer therapy. Methods Cationic lipid microbubbles (CLMBs) were prepared by membrane hydration and mechanical oscillation. U14 subcutaneous xenograft mice were injected with CLMBs-loaded sPD-1 and miR-34a combined with ultrasound targeted destruction, and tumor volume and tumor weight of mice were measured. TUNEL apoptosis test and the mRNA expression of apoptosis-related gene Bcl-2 and Bax were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Antitumor immune-related cytokines IFN-γ were investigated by qRT-PCR, LDH Cytotoxicity Assay Kit were performed to test cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Results CLMBs were successfully prepared and the plasmid bound to its surface. The tumor volume and weight were specifically decreased by ultrasound-mediated co-delivery of miR-34a and sPD-1 complexes with microbubbles, apoptosis was induced and the apoptosis suppressor gene Bcl-2 was downregulated and proapoptotic gene Bax were upregulated. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that antitumor immunity-related IFN-γ was strongly upregulated in mice, which were treated with CLMBs-loaded sPD-1 and miR-34a combined with ultrasound targeted destruction, and the percentage of CTL was increased. Conclusion These findings from the study demonstrated that CLMBs could deliver miR-34a and sPD-1, combined with ultrasound targeted destruction, could suppress the tumor tissue growing, induce apoptosis and enhance antitumor immunity in U14 subcutaneous xenograft mice.

We have previously demonstrated the protective action of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in 1-Methy-4-Phenylpyridinium Ion (MPP+)-induced neurotoxicity. However, the exact mechanisms of this protection remain largely unknown. Aldehyde stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress play significant roles in the neurotoxicity of MPP+. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important endogenous neuroprotectant. Therefore, we speculated that the protection of H2S against MPP+ neurotoxicity results from inhibiting MPP+-induced aldehyde stress and ER stress via upregulation of BDNF. In the present study, we found that NaHS, a donor of H2S, inhibited MPP+-induced aldehyde stress (the accumulations of the intracellular 4-HNE and MDA) and ER stress (the increases in the expressions of GRP78 and Cleaved-caspase-12) in PC12 cells and upregulated the BDNF expression in MPP+-exposed PC12 cells. Furthermore, we found that pretreatment of PC12 cells with K252a, an inhibitor of the BDNF receptor TrkB, not only markedly reversed the inhibitiory role of NaHS in MPP+-induced aldehyde stress and ER stress, but also ablated the protection of NaHS against MPP+-induced neurotoxicity. These data demonstrated that the protective role of H2S against MPP+-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting aldehyde stress and ER stress, which is involved in upregulation of BDNF.

Ocular hypertension (OHT), the common situation in adult patients in the outpatients, occurs ∼5% worldwide. However, there are still some practical problems in differentiation of OHT with early primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using current standard methods. Application of high resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) enables us to the differentiate axonal architecture of visual pathway between POAG and OHT subjects. Among 32 POAG patients recruited (15 OHT and 14 control subjects), 62.5% of glaucoma were in early stage for the current study. All subjects underwent ophthalmological assessments with standard automated perimetry and optical coherence tomography (OCT). DTI was applied to measure fraction anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of optic tract (OT), lateral geniculate body (LGN) and optic radiation (OR) using voxel-based analysis. Our data demonstrated that FA values of bilateral OR in POAG were significantly lower in the right or left than that of OHT patients (left OR: 0.51 ± 0.04 vs. 0.54 ± 0.03, p < 0.05; right OR: 0.51 ± 0.05 vs. 0.54 ± 0.03, p < 0.05). In right LGN, MD values were higher in POAG patients compared with OHT subjects (9.81 ± 1.45 vs. 8.23 ± 0.62, p < 0.05). However, no significant difference of all of the DTI parameters was observed between OHT and control subjects. DTI parameters in POAG patients were positively correlated with morphological and functional measurements (p < 0.05). Vertical cup to disc ratio (VCDR) was correlated with ipsilateral FA of OT (p < 0.05), ipsilateral MD of OT (p < 0.05), ipsilateral MD of LGN (p < 0.05), and contralateral MD of OT (p < 0.05). Mean deviation of visual field (MDVF) was correlated with ipsilateral FA of OT (p < 0.05), ipsilateral MD of OT (p < 0.05), and ipsilateral FA of LGN (p < 0.05). Our study demonstrated that DTI can differentiate POAG from OHT subjects in optic pathway, particularly in early POAG, and DTI parameters can quantify the progression of POAG.

Neurons with direction-selectivity for vestibular stimuli are found in a number of cortical areas, and neurons in the ventral intraparietal area (VIP) and the dorsal subdivision of the medial superior temporal area (MSTd) of the macaque brain are clustered according to their direction preferences for vestibular signals. This raises the question where the clustering inherits from? Previous work has shown that VIP and MSTd most probably receive vestibular input from the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC), which processes vestibular signals at the earlier stage. Thus, PIVC is also supposed to show a clustered organization similar to that seen in VIP and MSTd. The present study was aimed to examine clustering properties of vestibular response in PIVC area. To address this issue, we compared the tuning of isolated single unit (SU) with the undifferentiated multiunit (MU) activity of several neighboring neurons recorded from the same microelectrode. When directional tuning was observed in MU activity, the direction preference generally agreed closely with that of a simultaneously recorded SU. These results suggest that PIVC neurons are indeed clustered according to preferred direction for both translational and rotational vestibular stimuli.

The mechanism of triggering and maintaining atrial fibrillation (AF) is still not clear. There are different understandings about triggering and maintenance of AF, and therapeutic strategies relevant to them could not reach an agreement. In recent years, basic researches on AF have made greater progress. For example, the atrial rotor and autonomic nerve plexus theories has also been identified clinically, and it changed the strategies of radiofrequency ablation treatment for AF. This article summarizes the mechanism and current status of AF ablation. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2015.02.01

This paper mainly introduces the origins, basic structures and family members of carbon, the focus is a new generation of nanomaterial－graphene. In the experiment, a series of tests are taking place firstly, such as SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, BET, Infrared spectrum, Raman spectrum and Laser particle size analysis. The results show that the graphene has excellent mechanical properties, optical performance, electrical properties and conductive properties. Especially super conducting properties of graphene. Then the basic principle of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, test methods and condition analysis are analyzed in this paper.

In this paper, the comprehensive property of shielding fabrics was analyzed by the mathematic method-grey cluster analysis. Eight samples of shielding fabrics were selected as research objects in the experiment. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness in different frequencies and wearing comfort, including tensile and bending property, abrasive resistance, permeability and color fastness were measured and then analyzed. Grey cluster analysis was carried out to evaluate the comprehensive property of the chosen samples by eight clustering objects and nine clustering indexes. In the process of data operation, MATLAB7.0 was used to calculate experimental results due to its high efficiency and accuracy. According to cluster analysis results, the eight samples were divided into three gray classes, namely, 2#, 5# belonging to “first-rate”, 4# and 7# belonging to “medium” and 1#, 3#, 6#,8# belonging to “low-rate”.

In the daily life, we perceive the world around us by integrating multiple sensory cues (visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, vestibular and proprioceptive) to create a coherent, reliable representation that allows us to interact meaningfully with the environment. The integration of different sensory information is necessary for our perception, motor transformation, decision making, learning and memory. In the past decades, many interdisciplinary researchers have been attracted to the field of multisensory research, and tremendous advances have been made in this field. We review the researches on multisensory integration during self-motion perception in the past decades from the candidate areas, the integration principles and the neural correlation of the behaviors, with the intention to provide a comprehensive source for those interested in understanding the neural substrates for multisensory integration. Meanwhile, we also provide a prospect for the future research in this field.

Heading date of rice is a key agronomic trait determining cultivated areas and seasons and affecting yield. In the present study, five primary single segment substitution lines with the same genetic background were used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for heading date in rice. Two QTLs, qHD3 and qHD6 on the short arm of chromosome 3 and the short arm of chromosome 6, respectively, were identified under natural long-day (NLD). Nineteen secondary single segment substitution lines (SSSLs) and seven double segments pyramiding lines were designed to map the two QTLs and to evaluate their epistatic interaction between them. By overlapping mapping, qHD3 was mapped in a 791-kb interval between SSR markers RM3894 and RM569 and qHD6 in a 1125-kb interval between RM587 and RM225. Results revealed the existence of epistatic interaction between qHD3 and qHD6 under natural long-day (NLD). It was also found that qHD3 and qHD6 had significant effects on plant height and yield traits, indicating that both of the QTLs have pleiotropic effects.

In this paper, the artificial compound eye vision system is used to develop an effective algorithm for acquiring 3D information of object. According to compound eye vision system constructed, the imaging principle and correlation between the object point and the imaging point is analyzed. Then the cross correlation matching algorithm is present to extract the depth and obtain the 3D information. The influence factors such as number of matched elemental images and matching window size are considered and analyzed. The experimental is implemented to verify the validity of the proposed method.

In this paper, by using the long wave limit method, we study lump solution and interactional solution of the (2[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1)-dimensional generalized breaking soliton equation without using bilinear form. The moving properties of the lump solution, and the interactional properties of a lump and a solitary wave, are analyzed theoretically and graphically with asymptotic analysis.

In this paper, we study exact solutions of the $(3+1)$-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation including soliton solutions, fusional solutions, lump solutions and their interactional solutions. From the bilinear form, we get $N$-soliton solutions. For special parameters, we find three fusional solutions. Via the long wave limit method, we obtain $M$-lump solutions from $2M$-soliton solutions. We also study interactional solutions which describe interactions of a lump and a soliton, a lump and two solitons, a lump and fusional solitary waves. The properties of obtained exact solutions are analyzed graphically and theoretically by using asymptotic analysis in details.

Image stereo correspondence is the core technology of stereo vision. It has been widely studied and applied in the fields such as 3D reconstruction, vision measurement and target recognition. According to characteristics and application of stereo matching technology, the image stereo correspondence methods can be classified into three categories: local stereo correspondence, global stereo correspondence and semi-global stereo correspondence. Some image stereo correspondence solutions and problems are emphatically analyzed. Finally some future research issues on image stereo correspondence are highlighted.

In Asian populations, diabetes mellitus is increasing and has become an important health problem in recent decades. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most important complications and the most common cause of death in diabetic patients. Among the risk factors of CVD, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol has been a major concern. Studies suggested that serum triglyceride may also play a role in predicting CVD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the association is still debated. In this review, we summarized published studies focusing on the relationship between serum triglyceride and CVD disease in Asian diabetic patients. Ten studies conducted in six different Asian countries (three from Hong Kong, two from Taiwan, tow from Japan, one from Indonesia, one from South India, and one from South Korea) were summarized and discussed. CVD was subdivided into coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. Of the ten studies analyzed, one focused on CVD, five on coronary heart disease, three on stroke, three on peripheral arterial disease, and one on mortality from CVD. Studies from Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Japan suggested that triglyceride is a significant and independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, but not a significant risk factor for stroke (studies conducted in Japan and South Korea) or peripheral arterial disease (studies conducted in Taiwan, Indonesia, and South India). Although serum triglyceride may be a significant risk factor for coronary heart disease in Asian diabetic patients, clinical trials evaluating whether lowering triglycerides using fibrates can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease in these patients need to be initiated.

We have previously demonstrated the protective action of hydrogen sulfide (H

This article mainly expounds that deepening of teaching reform in higher education and improvement of personnel training quality are important initiatives to strengthen the quality of higher education connotation construction, to improve students' practical and innovative ability, and to satisfy people in the new period. By being effectively consistent with social needs, mechanical major is more closely combined with mechanical engineering characteristics which meet the diverse demand of engineering talents. Cultivating project suitable to diversification of innovation talents is revised. Curriculum group and practical teaching system of creation and execution in parallel are established. We adhere to the people-centered notion and set ability training as the core, quality as the goal, the accumulation of knowledge as the basis to enhance the innovative ability of college students of mechanical engineering steadily.

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) is noticed to be proper for BIPV for cheaper, more transparent, and able to realizevarious colored. Researchers constantly strive to improve the power conversion efficiency of DSSCs for this cell’s practicability by doping TiO2Subscript text with inorganic substance, metal ions, or processed with organic, as TiO2 electrode is the core of DSSC to generate photovoltage effection. Here reported a method to determine the optimal La3+ doping proportion of TiO2 by the equivalent circuit parameters estimated corresponds to the reported experment I-V curve. Thus, the concentration of La3+ doped TiO2 thin films of 0.5% of DSSC can get the most out of the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

The way to determine the optimal solids content of TiO2 in DSSC working electrode was discussed. As a mathematical proof of the optimal conclusion extracting from the complex working mechanism of DSSCs and accidental factors, the equivalent circuit parameters of each curve are estimated corresponds to the equivalent circuit method first. And then, the trends in each parameter are analyzed. According to these trends, the optimal solids content of TiO2 are optimal identified

In order to more precisely segment complex microscopic cell image, a new image segmentation method by combination of coarse segmentation and fine segmentation is proposed. Firstly, the coutourlet transform and morphology are used to segment original image coarsely and get the subimages that include the particles. Then ,the Level Set method is employed to locate edge of the particles precisely. The method provides more accurate data for complex microscopic cell automatic recognition system. Taking example for complex urinary sediment image, the experiment results show that the method can segment urinary sediment images effectively and precisely and increasing the performance of urinary sediment particles recognition.

Image compression is a technology using as little as possible bits to represent the original image. As wavelet transform has local characteristics on the time and frequency domain, it makes up the deficiency of DCT. Moreover, its multi-resolution characteristics can easily associate with the human visual system (HVS). Besides, wavelet-based image compression is prone to combine with new image coding methods. It has become the research hotspots at present. This paper introduces wavelets theory and discusses the research status and progress of wavelet-based image compression then points out the main problems. Finally, the prospect in the future was presented.

The formation and evolution of South China Sea has been one of the hot spot of attention at home and abroad. The expansion of the South China Sea happened in early Oligocene-early Miocene, and the expansion of South China Sea includes ridge transition once at least. This paper uses a model of rising divergent mantle flow and convection coupling to simulate the expansion of eastern sea basin of the South China Sea, the ridge jump, and the process of lithosphere thermal structure evolution and melting of magma after expansion. Numerical simulation results indicate that a ridge jump is an important process of the South China Sea expansion. Ridge jump forms a magma chamber between the two ridges, and the existence of the magma chamber makes the submarine volcanoes relatively more and the terrain relatively high between the ridges. At the same time, it also leads to the terrain of both sides of south side ridge and the distribution of submarine volcano asymmetric, which in turn can demonstrate the reasonability of ridge jump model.