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8. Degradation of Isotianil in Water and Soil: Kinetics, Degradation Pathways, Mechanisms, and Ecotoxicity Assessments

Author

Ai, Lina, Guo, Junjiang, Chen, Hong, Hu, Deyu, and Lu, Ping

Abstract

Pesticides are transported and transformed in soil and can enter surface water through various pathways. They undergo hydrolysis, oxidation, and photoconversion in surface water. Isotianil is a new fungicide that effectively controls rice blast. However, there are limited reports on its degradation. Herein, the hydrolysis and photolysis of isotianil in water and its degradation in soil samples from five provinces of China were investigated. The degradation products of isotianil were identified using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–Q exactive hybrid quadrupole–orbitrap high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry, and four compounds were discovered for the first time. The degradation pathways of isotianil were inferred, and the reaction active site and degradation mechanism of isotianil were clarified based on density functional theory calculations. The ecotoxicity of the degradation product M118 (aminobenzonitrile) was found to be moderate toward Daphnia magna, which was predicted and confirmed by Ecological Structure Activity Relationships and the experiment, respectively. The results of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the fate of isotianil in the environment.

Published
2024
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12. Analisis Perencanaan Pembangunan Desa Di Desa Sukamaju Kecamatan Cilawu Kabupaten Garut

Author

Yusuf Hermawan, Gugun Geusan Akbar, and Ai Lina Karlina

Subjects
Government, Descriptive statistics, business.industry, Public participation, Sociology, Human resources, business, Socioeconomics, Rural development
Abstract

The background of this research is the phenomenon of village development planning in Sukamaju village which has not been implemented well due to the low human resources in knowledge about RKPDes. The planning of the development in Sukamaju Village using the theory of Syaodih consists of achieving better goals in the future, utilizing resources optimally, paying attention to limitations and striving for efficiency and effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to know the Village Government Working Plan in Sukamaju Village Cilawu District Garut Regency in 2018. This research uses descriptive analysis method. The author took the research location in Sukamaju Village Cilawu District Garut Regency, involving Sukamaju Village government and community Sukamaju Village District Cilawu Garut regency with the number of informants 5 people. From the interviews and observations, it is found that RKPDes in Sukamaju village is still lacking in human resources aspect because the team in RKPDes is still new and not yet understand its duty and its function to run RKPDes. But the effort from Sukamaju Village is to conduct guidance and counseling for Sukamaju Village employees.

Published
2019

13. Integrerad rapportering - en byggsten för hållbarhetsarbete?

Author

Li, Ai Lina, Strandberg, Linus, Abbas, Wasim, Li, Ai Lina, Strandberg, Linus, and Abbas, Wasim

Abstract

Problem: The real estate industry is an industry that is known for having a major environmental impact. In accounting, the preparation of sustainability reports can be seen as a contribution to sustainable development. In recent years, integrated reporting has increased in Sweden, so it is relevant and interesting to study whether the implementation of integrated sustainability reporting can impact the real estate companies' work with sustainability. Purpose: This study examines how real estate companies' sustainability work has changed since the introduction of integrated sustainability reporting. The study also examines what may explain this change. Method: The study was conducted with a qualitative approach through a case study of four real estate companies, three private and one public. The companies included in the study are Kungsleden, Castellum, Atrium Ljungberg and MKB. Result: The results of the study show that there are some indications that integrated sustainability reporting indirectly leads to an increase in sustainability work in the real estate companies included in the study. This is because there are indications that integrated sustainability reporting has led to sustainability being integrated throughout the business, which may have led to more ambitious goals and increased commitments, which in turn contribute to increased sustainability work., Problem: Fastighetsbranschen är en bransch som är känt för att ha en stor miljöpåverkan. Inom redovisning kan upprättandet av hållbarhetsrapporter ses som ett bidrag till hållbar utveckling. Under de senaste åren har integrerad rapportering ökat i Sverige, det är därför aktuellt och intressant att studera om införandet av integrerad hållbarhetsrapportering kan påverka fastighetsföretagens hållbarhetsarbete. Syfte: Denna studie undersöker hur fastighetsföretagens hållbarhetsarbete har förändrats sedan införandet av integrerad hållbarhetsrapportering. Studien undersöker även vad som kan förklara denna förändring. Metod: Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ ansats genom en fallstudie av fyra fastighetsbolag, tre privata och ett offentligt. De bolag som ingår i studien är Kungsleden, Castellum, Atrium Ljungberg och MKB. Resultat: Resultatet av studien visar att det finns vissa indikationer på att integrerad hållbarhetsrapportering indirekt leder till en ökning av hållbarhetsarbete i de fastighetsbolag som ingår i studien. Detta genom att det finns indikationer på att integrerad hållbarhetsrapportering lett till att hållbarhet integreras i hela verksamheten, vilket kan ha medfört mer ambitiösa mål och ökade åtaganden som i sin tur bidrar till ökat hållbarhetsarbete. Nyckelord: Integrerad hållbarhetsrapportering, CSR, fastighetsbransch, fastighetsbolag, hållbarhetsrapportering, integrerad rapportering, hållbarhet, ramverk, GRI, intressenter

Published
2021

15. Solvent-Free Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Chiral Dialkyl 2-(Substituted-((4-(Pyridin-3-Yl)Pyrimidin-2-Yl)Amino)Methyl) Malonate

Author

Ai Lina, Shan Liu, Bai Song, Wu Qin, Lu Jiali, Xue Jing, and Zhu Yunying

Subjects
Solvent free, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Enantioselective synthesis, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Medicinal chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Catalysis, Methyl malonate, Tobacco mosaic virus, Moiety, Amine gas treating, Mannich reaction
Abstract

An efficient asymmetric synthesis of chiral β-amino acid ester derivatives containing a 4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl amine moiety was developed. This catalytic asymmetric Mannich reaction gave target products in high yields (95%) and excellent enantioselectivities (>99% ee) using a cinchona-based squaramide catalyst under solvent-free, one-pot conditions. Antiviral bioassays indicated that some of the chiral products exhibited higher antiviral activities against tobacco mosaic virus than the commercial compound ribavirin.

Published
2018

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