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Objective To explore the clinical value of dual-source virtual non-contrast (VNC) CT combined with artificial intelligence (AI) in the diagnosis of acute intracranial hemorrhage. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on the imaging data of non-contrast CT and dual-energy CT angiography (CTA) in 67 patients with suspected intracranial hemorrhage. They were 32 males and 35 females, at an average age of 56.2±12.5 (35~89) years. The differences of average CT value, noise, signal to noise ratio (SNR), contrast noise ratio (CNR) and radiation dose between VNCT and NCCT were analyzed. Taken the common diagnosis results of two radiologists as the reference standard, the type of intracranial hemorrhage, the degree of midline structural deviation, the long and short diameters of the largest hemorrhage layer and the volume of hematoma were analyzed by AI software under VNCT and NCCT images. And the time taken by radiologists and AI to obtain the above quantitative evaluation indexes was compared. Results In the objective evaluation, the average CT value, SNR and CNR were significantly lower (P < 0.001), and the noise was higher in the VNCT images than the NCCT images (P < 0.001). The radiation dose of VNCT was lower by 75.6% than that of NCCT+CTA (P < 0.001). The qualitative analysis indicated that the accuracy of AI in diagnosing intracranial hemorrhage on NCCT and VNCT images was 94.0% and 89.6% respectively. The accuracy rates of VNCT+AI for IPH, IVH, SAH and SDH were 83.6%, 86.0%, 83.0% and 60.0%, respectively, which had no differences when compared with those of NCCT+AI (all P>0.05). In the quantitative analysis, VNCT+AI had good consistency with manual measurement results in terms of the above indicators (ICC=0.820, 0.942, 0.920, and 0.959, P < 0.001). In terms of the time required for AI diagnosis, VNCT need significantly shorter time than NCCT(50.6±15.9 vs 58.5±24.9 s, P < 0.001). Conclusion Dual-source VNC technology has low radiation dose, simple and fast examination process, and high accuracy in the diagnosis of acute intracranial hemorrhage when combined with AI. And the quantitative evaluation indexes of VNCT+AI are in good consistency with radiologists and has potential clinical application value.

Objective To explore the clinical value of artificial intelligence (AI) in the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms by head and neck CT angiography (CTA). Methods A total of 117 patients with clinically suspected intracranial aneurysms admitted in our hospital from August 2020 to January 2021 were enrolled, and their head and neck CTA and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) data were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Taking DSA results as the gold standard, the sensitivity and accuracy of AI in the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms were calculated. In addition, the results of AI automatic measurement were recorded, and the consistency test was conducted with the results of DSA manual measurement. Results Among the 117 suspected patients, there were 105 cases diagnosed with intracranial aneurysms by DSA, with a total of 136 aneurysms. ①Diagnostic efficiency: The sensitivity and accuracy of AI for aneurysm diagnosis were 87.6% and 79.5%, respectively, taking patients as unit. While taking lesions as unit, the sensitivity of AI diagnosis was 55.2%, 81.5%, 92.9% and 79.4% for aneurysms < 3 mm, 3.5 mm, >5 mm, as well as for the total number of aneurysms, respectively; And the accuracy was 53.8%, 75.3%, 86.3% and 72.0%. ②Quantitative analysis: The results of AI and DSA showed good consistency in the measurement of the total aneurysm length diameter, total short diameter, and >5 mm aneurysm length diameter (ICC=0.778, 0.822 and 0.722, P < 0.001); But poor consistency was seen in the measurement for < 3 mm and 3~5 mm aneurysm length diameter (ICC=0.113, 0.142, P>0.05). Conclusion AI has a high value in the application of head and neck CTA in the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms, with its measurement results to be used as a reference standard in tumors with length diameter >5 mm, it can be further promoted and applied as an auxiliary diagnostic tool.