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Spirulina is a type of algae widely consumed around the world as a dietary supplement due to its great nutritional potential. However, it does not contain vitamin C, a vital vitamin for the proper functioning of the human body, particularly given its immunostimulant potential. The objective of this work was to formulate sustained release spirulina–vitamin C matrix tablets that would enhance particularly a prolonged release and better absorption of vitamin C. A galenic formula based only on vitamin C was made, and then the proportion of vitamin C was reduced in favor of spirulina powder. The manufactured tablets were then subjected to various pharmacopeial quality control tests. The results of these tests showed a good distribution of the powder mixtures in the formulated tablets (i.e., mass uniformity test) and satisfactory outcomes were found for the content uniformity, disintegration and dissolution tests (with 45 % of vitamin C dissolved after 4 hours). Only the results for the friability test were unsatisfactory, indicating the need to improve the physical properties of the powders before compression. These findings open a new area for developing supplementary dietary.            Keywords: Spirulina, Vitamin C, Matrix tablet, Quality control.

The present work aims to study the effectiveness of selected medicinal and food plant extracts (EtOH, DCM) including essential oils (Eucalyptus globulus, Ocimum gratissimum, Cymbopogon citractus) on the mycellian growth of toxinogenic moulds responsible for fruit alteration. Antifungal tests were carried out with the different extracts to assess their potential antimicrobial activities against Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum responsible for fruits deterioration in several regions of the world.In vitro antifungal tests have shown that essential oils have pronounced antifungal activities at low concentrations of 0.3µl/ml, 1.3µl/ml and 5µl/ml respectively for Cymbopogon citractus, Eucalyptus glogulus and Occimum gratissimum, while non-volatile extracts exert growth inhibition of 50% on average on Botrytis cinerea. This study suggests use as biocontrol agents for plant pests during fruit cultivation that plants present themselves as a promising alternative for the fight against toxinogenic fungi.

Les mycotoxines sont des substances toxiques sécrétées par des champignons microscopiques ou moisissures. Elles sont connues surtout en raison des intoxications qu’elles provoquent chez les hommes suite à la consommation d’aliments contaminés et des problèmes économiques qu’elles entraînent pour l’industrie agroalimentaire. Certaines mycotoxines sont cancérogènes ou sont suspectées de l’être. En milieu professionnel, les salariés peuvent se trouver exposés aux mycotoxines par voie respiratoire et/ou voie cutanée. L’objectif de cet article est de faire le point sur les origines, les propriétés, les substrats, la toxicité et les mécanismes d’action des principales mycotoxines. Les risques inhérents aux mycotoxines sur la santé humaine seront abordés.

Le miel est un aliment sain, naturel et ayant des vertues pour la santé de l’Homme telles que des propriétés antibactériennes, cicatrisantes, anti-inflammatoires, antioxydantes, nutritionnelles, digestives mais aussi respiratoires. Il est produit par les abeilles qui sont des insectes qui jouent un grand rôle dans la pollinisation des plantes.Plusieurs facteurs affectent la qualité du miel partant de la production jusqu’au stockage. Le présent article fait la synthèse des travaux de recherche sur le processus de production du miel, sa composition, ses propriétés et son stockage. Ce qui est à retenir est que les espèces de plantes butinées, la manière de récolter, la manière de conserver impactent la qualité du miel. AbstractHoney is a healthy, natural food with virtues for human health such as antibacterial, healing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, nutritional, digestive and respiratory properties. It is produced by bees which are insects playing a great role in the pollination of plants. Several factors affect the quality of honey from production to storage. This article highlights research work on the honey production process, its composition, properties and storage. What is important to remember is that the species of nectar-bearing plants, the way of harvesting, the way of preserving affect the quality of honey.Keywords: honey, bees, virtue

The fungus growing termite species Macrotermes bellicosus (M. bellicosus) is used in nutrition and traditional medicine in the Republic of Benin for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Previous findings demonstrated evidence of anti-inflammatory and spasmolytic properties of M. bellicosus. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of different extracts of M. bellicosus samples and determine the chemical profile of an ethanolic M. bellicosus extract. Chemical profiling was conducted using centrifugal partition chromatography and 13C-NMR, followed by MALDI-TOF MS. Major identified compounds include hydroquinone (HQ), methylhydroquinone (MHQ), 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl glycol (DHPG), N-acetyldopamine (NADA) and niacinamide. The fatty acid mixture of the extract was mainly composed of linoleic and oleic acid and highlights the nutritional purpose of M. bellicosus. Using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion and broth microdilution assay, an antibacterial activity of M. bellicosus samples was observed against various clinical strains with a highest growth inhibition of S. aureus. In addition, HQ and MHQ as well as fractions containing DHPG, niacinamide and NADA inhibited S. aureus growth. The reported antimicrobial activity of M. bellicosus and identified active substances provide a rationale for the traditional medicinal use of M. bellicosus.

Fish after death undergo several changes that contribute to the degradation of its quality. Handling, storage temperature and packaging methods are main factors that affect the quality of the fish. In this article we presented a literature review on the autolytic, bacteriological and organoleptic changes that fish undergo after capture, the causes of these alterations, the qualities of the fish, the methods of fish quality conservation and the associated standards. It should therefore be remembered that several factors foster the loss of the initial freshness characteristics and the appearance of detectable signs of decomposition in fish. Compliance with basic hygiene rules when handling, processing, packaging and conservation fish is therefore essential to ensure the safety of consumers.

We evaluated male infertility in a moderately westernized population by macroscopic and microscopic examination. 29% of the population is free from difficulty conceiving; 34.90% has a relative difficulty to good mobility and 28.32% has a relative difficulty to the eligible number of sperm per ml. We found no correlation between the factors studied and the age of patients. Our work allows us to hypothesize the involvement of environmental causes among others knowing that in these environments the presence of heavy metals has been detected.