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Uno de los factores bióticos con mayor impacto sobre las poblaciones de jaiba, es la presencia del parásito Loxothylacus texanus, este es pequeño y tiene un cuerpo aplanado en forma de hoja. Presenta dos apéndices laterales que se asemejan a ramas o antenas, que son utilizados para sujetarse al huésped. El ciclo de vida del Loxothylacus texanus comienza cuando las hembras adultas del parásito liberan miles de larvas cipris en el agua. Éstas son conocidas como larvas infectantes y son nadadoras durante un breve período de tiempo, las cuales buscan activamente a un huésped adecuado, siguiendo señales químicas liberadas por los percebes y atrayendolos hacia ellos. Una vez ha alcanzado la madurez sexual, la hembra adulta produce huevos y el macho libera esperma. Este ciclo de vida completo puede tardar varios meses en completarse dentro del huésped. Por este motivo se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de tipo documental, con el fin de aportar información relacionada con el parásito percebe Loxothylacus texanus en relación con sus posibles efectos sobre poblaciones naturales de los cangrejos del género Callinectes en ambientes marino-costeros en la cual se tuvo en cuenta las fuentes documentadas, el país de publicación y las áreas temáticas, en tanto que factores como el año de publicación y autores fueron criterios irrelevantes. Se encontró que L. texanus causa a sus hospederos castración parasítica y cambios en la morfología, además, se halló que hay factores externos que pueden afectar la prevalencia y distribución de este parásito. La interacción huésped-hospedero representa un impacto negativo en el bienestar de ejemplares y la estabilidad de los ecosistemas naturales, por esta razón, se proponen estrategias que faciliten el manejo entre el parásito y el cangrejo. One of the biotic factors with the greatest impact on crab populations is the presence of the parasite Loxothylacus texanus, which is small and has a flattened, leaf-shaped body. It has two lateral appendages that resemble branches or antennae, which are used to attach to the host. The life cycle of Loxothylacus texanus begins when adult females of the parasite release thousands of cypris larvae into the water. These are known as infective larvae and are swimmers for a short period of time, which actively search for a suitable host by following chemical signals released by barnacles and attracting them to themselves. Once sexually mature, the adult female produces eggs and the male releases sperm. This entire life cycle can take several months to complete within the host. For this reason, a bibliographic review of documentary type was carried out, in order to provide information related to the barnacle parasite Loxothylacus texanus in relation to its possible effects on natural populations of crabs of the genus Callinectes in marine-coastal environments in which the documented sources, the country of publication and the thematic areas were taken into account, while factors such as the year of publication and authors were irrelevant criteria. . It was found that L. texanus causes its hosts parasitic castration and changes in morphology, in addition, it was found that there are external factors that can affect the prevalence and distribution of this parasite. The host-host interaction represents a negative impact on the welfare of specimens and the stability of natural ecosystems, for this reason, strategies are proposed to facilitate management between the parasite and the crab.

Social scientists and urban planners have long argued that social movements for housing, especially in metropolises of the so-called Global South, have been determinant in the politicization of the urban poor. Since the mid-twentieth century, the demand for rights to physical presence in the city has resulted in large-scale right-to-housing mobilizations in which lower-income dwellers seek to become homeowners by taking over peripheral empty plots and building themselves their homes and neighborhoods (e.g. Mangin 1967; Turner 1968; Castells 1983; Holston 1991; 2008; Garcés 2002; Fawaz 2009; Das 2011; Caldeira 2015a; Murphy 2015). Scholars have thus suggested that the urban poor, on account of their involvement in widespread practices of city making carried out mostly in the urban peripheries, have become citizens capable of addressing a language of rights to the state. This dissertation engages in these debates by posing some critical questions: What are the mechanisms through which the urban poor constitute themselves as legitimate rights-bearers when they are no longer the actual builders of their residential spaces? What kind of political subjectivity is formed when their demand for urban rights is performed less through mass land seizures and “autoconstruction” processes (Holston 1991; 2008; Caldeira 2000; 2015a) than through their participation in state-regulated housing assemblies? This dissertation examines the rise and development of housing movements in Santiago, Chile based on archival analysis of past urban mobilizations and ethnographic observation of contemporary housing assemblies. This study scrutinizes thus the ways in which working-class dwellers articulate a rights-based political language and produce new political subjectivities while enrolled in housing programs through which they apply for state subsidies. Since the 1950s, housing struggles in Chile have been grounded in a kind of social agency known as pobladores (urban poor). In the 1960s and early 1970s, pobladores made use of two interrelated performances of city making to become homeowners: illegal land occupations and autoconstruction. This gave rise to mass social protests known as “pobladores movement” (Castells 1973; 1983; Pastrana and Threlfall 1974; Espinoza 1988; Garcés 2002; Cortés 2014). However, the arrival of Augusto Pinochet’s military dictatorship (1973–1990) drastically repressed these mobilizations. Likewise, it implemented a neoliberal, subsidy-based housing policy, which changed significantly the way pobladores obtain and envisage social housing. Accordingly, since the late 1970s state policies conceive housing less as the result of collective practices of city making than as a commodity that the poor can obtain through both state subsidies and private savings (Bruey 2012; Özler 2012). Over the past twenty-five years, post-dictatorial governments have tried to avoid the reappearance of urban movements by pre-emptively building subsidized housing projects. During the 1990s, the state endeavored to construct at least 90,000 subsidized housing units per year (Arriagada and Moreno 2006). This eventually helped reduce the housing shortage from 918,756 units in 1990 to 743,450 in 2000, which represents a decrease from 53% to 37% in the number of households in need of housing. This reduction of the housing deficit persisted in the following decades reaching 459,347 units in 2013 (Ministerio de Desarrollo Social 2014a).In that context, by 2000 large-scale land occupations almost totally disappeared, calling into question the very existence of pobladores as subjects endowed with a capacity to intervene in the political sphere. However, while the government has massively delivered housing, these subsidized homes are often located in peripheral areas lacking infrastructure and services. This fact has triggered an emerging process of remobilization in the last ten years in which the new generations of pobladores are increasingly claiming the right to “dignified housing” (vivienda digna) and a “dignified life” (vida digna). Interestingly, the tactics of these new protests consist less of land occupations than of pobladores’ enrollment in housing programs through which they expect to obtain subsidized housing. My dissertation, in this regard, discusses the mechanisms through which contemporary pobladores recreate their political agencies when they no longer organize their protests as squatters nor autoconstructors, but rather as “formal” dwellers enrolled in subsidy-based programs. I conclude that the Chilean urban poor, by identifying themselves as pobladores, form themselves as political agents capable of dealing with the state on the basis of a rights-based language. To do so, they bring the performative power of the word poblador into the present by executing a territorially situated political practices through which they evoke the pobladores movement of the mid-twentieth century. This work examines thus how the past informs the mobilizations of the present and how lower-income residents becomes pobladores even when the performances of city making that characterized past urban movements are recalled rather than actually performed. Likewise, this dissertation discusses to what extent such a subject-formation process makes possible the emergence of new kinds of citizenship in which pobladores, by conceiving of themselves as city-makers, legitimize their claims to have dignified housing and a dignified life.

Obesity, is a chronic, biological, preventable, and treatable disease. The accumulation of fat mass causes physical changes (adiposity), metabolic and hormonal changes due to adipose tissue dysfunction (adiposopathy), and psychological changes. Bariatric endocrinology was conceived from the need to address the neuro-endocrinological derangements that are associated with adiposopathy, and from the need to broaden the scope of the management of its complications. In addition to the well-established metabolic complications of overweight and obesity, adiposopathy leads to hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, hypoadiponectinemia, dysregulation of gut peptides including GLP-1 and ghrelin, the development of an inflammatory milieu, and the strong risk of vascular disease. Therapy for adiposopathy hinges on effectively lowering the ratio of orexigenic to anorexigenic signals reaching the the hypothalamus and other relevant brain regions, favoring a lower caloric intake. Adiposopathy, overweight and obesity should be treated indefinitely with the specific aims to reduce fat mass for the adiposity complications, and to normalize adipose tissue function for the adiposopathic complications. This paper defines the principles of medical practice in bariatric endocrinology—the treatment of overweight and obesity as means to treat adiposopathy and its accompanying metabolic and hormonal derangements.

MAGISTER EN DESARROLLO URBANO FONDECYT FONDECYT

Balneario y Parque termal en Talavera

Resumen de la comunicación presentada en el XIII Congreso de Estudiantes de Medicina, Alicante, 19-21 octubre 1995.

Resumen de la comunicación presentada en el VI Congreso SENC, Sociedad Española de Neurociencias, Valladolid, 2-6 julio 1995. FISS 94/1354 y APC93-0101.

Fecha aprox. de imp. deducida del propio texto (fol 3v) y del resto de documentos con los que está encuadernado, En port. grab. xil. monograma IHS, No recogido en LopHue, Enc. Perg., Sign.: A-F2

2 ej. de la misma obra., El ejem. A-031-136 (12) muy deteriorado por la humedad, afectando a gran parte del texto de las tres últimas hojas, Inic. grab., Enc. Perg., Sign.: A-K2, L3

2 ej. de la misma obra., Port. con orla tip., Inic. grab., Encuadernado en v. de varios., Enc. Perg., Sign.: [ ]2, B-E2, [ ]2

Tít. tomado de comienzo de texto. Texto firmado por Miguel Muñoz de Ahumada. Fecha probable de imp. S. XVII deducida de las características tipográficas de la obra. Sign.: A-P2. A FD/0090(26)

A 109/158(9)

Ej. incompleto, falto de las h. finales, Lugar de y fecha de imp. tomados del texto, que dice: "... del año passado de mil y seyscientos y sesenta y nueve" (fol. 1 r), Inic. grab., No recogido en LopHue, Enc. Perg., Sign.: A-L2

Lugar probable de imp. deducido del texto, Fecha probable de imp. deducida de otros documentos en la biblioteca en los que interviene Miguel Muñoz de Ahumada y que están comprendidos entre 1670 y 1680, Encuadernado en v. de varios., Enc. Perg., Sign.: A3

Fecha probable de imp., Lugar y fecha aproximada de ed. tomados del tít., Las características tipográficas de las inic. grab. coinciden con las empleadas en la Imprenta Real de Francisco de Ochoa en otras publicaciones con las que está encuadernado., Inic. grab., No recogido en LopHue., Enc. Perg., Sign.: A-K2

2 ejem. de la misma obra, Lugar de y fecha de imp. tomados del texto, que dice: "... del año passado de 1669" (fol. 2r)., En port. grab. calc. de la Inmaculada precedido de la leyenda: "Mulier amicta Sole, et Luna sub pedibus eius. Apocal. cap. 12, y flanqueado por una cita de San Gregorio Magno, precediendo todo al tít., Inic. grab., No recogido en LopHue., Enc. Perg., Sign.: A-Z2, Aa-Zz2, Aaa-Lll2

A 109/109(02)