8 results on '"Ahti Varblane"'
Search Results
2. Seasonal Variation in Vitamin D Status Does Not Interfere with Improvements in Aerobic and Muscular Endurance in Conscripts during Basic Military Training
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Saima Timpmann, Leho Rips, Indrek Olveti, Martin Mooses, Hanno Mölder, Ahti Varblane, Hele-Reet Lille, Helena Gapeyeva, and Vahur Ööpik
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young healthy men ,vitamin D status ,iron status ,ferritin ,hemoglobin ,3200 m run ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Considering a lack of respective data, the primary objective of this study was to assess whether seasonal variation in vitamin D status (D-status) affects the extent of improvement in physical performance (PP) in conscripts during basic military training (BMT). D-status, PP and several blood parameters were measured repeatedly in conscripts whose 10-week BMT started in July (cohort S-C; n = 96) or in October (cohort A-C; n = 107). D-status during BMT was higher in S-C compared to A-C (overall serum 25(OH)D 61.4 ± 16.1 and 48.5 ± 20.7 nmol/L, respectively; p < 0.0001). Significant (p < 0.05) improvements in both aerobic and muscular endurance occurred in both cohorts during BMT. Pooled data of the two cohorts revealed a highly reliable (p = 0.000) but weak (R2 = 0.038–0.162) positive association between D-status and PP measures both at the beginning and end of BMT. However, further analysis showed that such a relationship occurred only in conscripts with insufficient or deficient D-status, but not in their vitamin D-sufficient companions. Significant (p < 0.05) increases in serum testosterone-to-cortisol ratio and decreases in ferritin levels occurred during BMT. In conclusion, a positive association exists between D-status and PP measures, but seasonal variation in D-status does not influence the extent of improvement in PP in conscripts during BMT.
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- 2024
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3. Seven-month wintertime supplementation of 1200 IU vitamin D has no effect on hand grip strength in young, physically active males: A randomized, controlled study
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Leho Rips, Alar Toom, Rein Kuik, Ahti Varblane, Hanno Mölder, Marika Tammaru, Mart Kull, Vahur Ööpik, Jüri-Toomas Kartus, Helena Gapeyeva, and Madis Rahu
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military training ,hand grip ,vitamin d ,supplementation ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Sports medicine ,RC1200-1245 - Abstract
Background There has been a growing interest in the role of vitamin D for the well-being and physical performance of humans under heavy training such as conscripts in military service; however, there is a lack of long-term supplementation studies performed on members of this type of young, physically active, male population. The hypothesis of the study was that vitamin D supplementation during wintertime will decrease the prevalence of critically low vitamin D blood serum levels and increase hand grip strength during the winter season among young male conscripts. Study Design Longitudinal, triple-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Methods Fifty-three male conscripts from the Estonian Army were randomized into two groups: 27 to an intervention group and 26 to a placebo group. The groups were comparable in terms of their demographics. The intervention group received 1200 IU (30 µg) capsules of vitamin D3, and the control group received placebo oil capsules once per day. The length of the follow-up was 7 months, from October 2016 until April 2017. Blood serum vitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium (Ca), ionized calcium (Ca-i), testosterone and cortisol values, and hand grip strength were measured four times during the study period. Results The mean 25(OH)D level decreased significantly in the control group to a critically low level during the study, with the lowest mean value of 22 nmol/l found in March 2017. At that time point, 65% in the control group vs 15% in the intervention group had 25(OH)D values of less than 25 nmol/l (p
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- 2022
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4. Musculoskeletal Injury Risk in a Military Cadet Population Participating in an Injury-Prevention Program
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Ivar Vähi, Leho Rips, Ahti Varblane, and Mati Pääsuke
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injury prevention ,warm-up ,exercise ,military training ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background and Objectives: Musculoskeletal injuries are a major health hazard among military personnel. Previous research has proposed several exercise-based strategies for prevention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an exercise-based injury-prevention program on the incidence of musculoskeletal injury, motor performance and psychosocial status. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six Estonian Military Academy cadets were randomly assigned into either an intervention or control group. The intervention group followed a neuromuscular exercise-based injury-prevention warm-up program, three times per week for 6 months. The control group continued with the usual warm-up. The main outcome measure was injury incidence during the study period. Additionally, evaluation of isokinetic lower-extremity strength, postural sway, physical fitness and psychosocial status was included pre- and post-intervention. Results: During the 6-month study period, the musculoskeletal injury incidence was 43% in the intervention group and 54% in the control group (RR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.41 to 1.99). The noted 20% risk reduction was not statistically significant (p = 0.59). Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences between the intervention and control group in motor performance or psychosocial status measures. Conclusions: In conclusion, no effect of the exercise-based injury-prevention program on injury risk, motor performance or psychosocial status could be detected.
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- 2023
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5. Severe deficiency of vitamin D has no negative effect on physical performance during military training
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Leho Rips, Alar Toom, Rein Kuik, Ahti Varblane, Hanno Mölder, Mart Kull, Jüri-Toomas Kartus, Helena Gapeyeva, and Madis Rahu
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Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine - Abstract
Decreased physical fitness and inferior physical performance are potentially life-threatening risk factors in a combat situation. To examine the effect of vitamin D on physical performance, a prospective study of young men conscripts in the Estonian Army was designed. The hypothesis of the study was that severe deficiency of vitamin D has a negative effect on physical performance.All conscripts (n = 410) entering 10-month military service in July 2015 at the Kuperjanov Battalion were asked to participate. Initially, a total of 98 conscripts volunteered to participate.A prospective longitudinal study with a 10-month follow-up period was performed. The Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) was performed three times, and hand grip strength, and blood serum values of 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium (Ca) were measured four times.A significant decrease in the levels of 25(OH)D compared with baseline values were found, with a lowest mean value of 31.9 nmol/l in March 2016 (p0.001). No significant differences were found in serum Ca levels. In March 2016, PTH was significantly higher in the severe deficiency group (25 nmol/l of 25(OH)D), (p=0.02). No significant differences were found in terms of the APFT or hand grip strength between conscripts with severe deficiency of 25(OH)D or values25 nmol/l.The main finding of the present study was that severe 25(OH)D deficiency was common among male conscripts during the winter season but had no negative effect on physical performance in terms of the APFT test and hand grip strength test.Severe vitamin D deficiency during the winter season is common but has no negative effect on physical performance in young, physically active men in military service.
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- 2022
6. Self-Reported Knee Pain Does Not Impact Physical Training Negatively in Conscripts
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Vahur Ööpik, Ahti Varblane, Indrek Olveti, Saima Timpmann, Madis Rahu, Jüri-Toomas Kartus, Alar Toom, Rein Kuik, Helena Gapeyeva, Marika Tammaru, Leho Rips, and Hanno Mölder
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Adult ,Estonia ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Knee Joint ,Physical fitness ,Pain ,Osteoarthritis ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Young adult ,Exercise ,030222 orthopedics ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,030229 sport sciences ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Test (assessment) ,Running time ,Military Personnel ,Knee pain ,Physical Fitness ,Physical performance ,Physical therapy ,Self Report ,medicine.symptom ,Knee injuries ,business - Abstract
Introduction Despite the great number of investigations on the effects of injuries during military service, there is limited information available on the use of self-reported instruments. This study evaluated self-reported knee pain (KP) and its effect on physical performance during military service in the Estonian Defense Forces. Material and Methods Ninety-five male conscripts aged 19–25 years were divided into two study groups based on the occurrence of KP or not. Self-reported KP and function according to the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were measured. Physical fitness level was scored using the Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT). KOOS and APFT were measured in the beginning and at the end of the 6-month period of military service. Results Significant differences in favor of the group without KP (P Conclusion In conclusion, self-reported KP and limited function according to KOOS did not hinder the improvement of physical condition and running speed as assessed by APFT in Estonian conscripts.
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- 2020
7. Seven-month Wintertime Supplementation of 1200 IU Vitamin D Has No Effect on Hand Grip Strength in Young, Physically Active Males: A Randomized, Controlled Study
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Leho Rips, Alar Toom, Rein Kuik, Ahti Varblane, Hanno Mölder, Helena Gapejeva, Marika Tammaru, Mart Kull, Vahur Ööpik, Jüri-Toomas Kartus, and Madis Rahu
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Hand Strength ,business.industry ,Vitamins ,Vitamin D Deficiency ,law.invention ,Calcium, Dietary ,Grip strength ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Dietary Supplements ,Vitamin D and neurology ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,Humans ,Calcium ,Vitamin D ,business ,Food Science ,Cholecalciferol - Abstract
BackgroundThere has been a growing interest in the role of vitamin D for the well-being and physical performance of humans; however, there is a lack of long-term supplementation studies performed on members of the young, physically active, male population.The hypothesis of the study was that vitamin D supplementation during wintertime will decrease the prevalence of critically low vitamin D blood serum levels and increase hand grip strength during the winter season among young male conscripts. Study DesignLongitudinal, triple-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. MethodsFifty-three male conscripts from the Estonian Army were randomized into two groups: 27 to an intervention group and 26 to a placebo group. The groups were comparable in terms of their demographics. The intervention group received 1200 IU (30 µg) capsules of vitamin D3 and the control group received placebo oil capsules once per day. The length of the follow-up was seven months, from October 2016 until April 2017. Blood serum vitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium (Ca), ionized calcium (Ca-i), testosterone and cortisol values and hand grip strength were measured four times during the study period. ResultsThe mean 25(OH)D level decreased significantly in the control group to a critically low level during the study, with the lowest mean value of 22 nmol/l found in March 2017. At that time point, 65% in the control group vs 15% in the intervention group had 25(OH)D values of less than 25 nmol/l (p < 0.001). In the intervention group the levels of 25(OH)D did not change significantly during the study period. All other blood tests revealed no significant differences at any time point. The corresponding result was found for hand grip strength at all time points. ConclusionLong-term vitamin D supplementation during wintertime results in fewer conscripts in the Estonian Army with critically low serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels during the winter season. However, this did not influence their physical performance in the form of the hand grip strength test. Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04359524. Registered 20 April 2020 - Retrospectively registered. https://register.clinicaltrials.gov
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- 2021
8. Anabolic Adaptations Occur in Conscripts During Basic Military Training Despite High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Decrease in Iron Status
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Vahur Ööpik, Leho Rips, Helena Gapeyeva, Hanno Mölder, Saima Timpmann, Indrek Olveti, Hele-Reet Lille, Martin Mooses, Ahti Varblane, and Kersti Kõiv
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Estonia ,Male ,Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Hydrocortisone ,Iron ,Military service ,Physical fitness ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Body Mass Index ,Education ,Military medicine ,Hemoglobins ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Anabolic Agents ,0302 clinical medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Medicine ,Testosterone ,Longitudinal Studies ,Analysis of Variance ,Research ethics ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,030229 sport sciences ,General Medicine ,Vitamin D Deficiency ,Military Personnel ,Hematocrit ,Physical Fitness ,Erythrocyte Count ,business ,Body mass index ,Declaration of Helsinki - Abstract
In Estonian Defense Forces that are drawn up on the basis of the conscription model considerable numbers of young men are prematurely discharged from military service for medical reasons, but causes leading to premature dropout of conscripts have not been systematically studied. However, one of the factors involved could be relatively demanding physical training that starts at the beginning of military service in the form of basic military training (BMT). Cumulative training and nontraining stresses experienced by conscripts during BMT may exceed their physiological adaptability and increase the probability of becoming prematurely discharged. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to assess physiological responses to 10-week BMT in Estonian conscripts.The protocol of the study confirmed to the standards set by the Declaration of Helsinki and it was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Tartu. Mean ± SD age and body mass index of 94 conscripts studied was 20.9 ± 1.7 years and 24.2 ± 3.0 kg · mSignificant increases in serum testosterone concentration (60.6%), testosterone to cortisol ratio (61.1%), blood erythrocyte count (4.3%), hemoglobin concentration (3.8%) and hematocrit (2.2%), and decrease in serum ferritin concentration (39.3%) occurred between weeks 1 and 10 during BMT (in all cases p0.0001). Fifteen weeks later, these parameters were still at increased or decreased levels, respectively, compared to week 1. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH) D concentration50 nmol · LThese findings suggest that BMT induces anabolic physiological adaptations in conscripts despite vitamin D deficiency and decrease in iron status. However, high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and decline in iron status may limit physiological adaptations and improvement in physical work capacity to a suboptimal level. Furthermore, as vitamin D influences a variety of functions important for health, deficiency in conscripts should be considered a major concern that needs treatment. An acknowledged limitation of the study is the lack of a control group of conscripts possessing normal vitamin D status and stable serum ferritin levels throughout the study period. Nevertheless, the research design employed enabled to determine two factors that potentially limit physiological adaptability of conscripts to military training loads in ecologically authentic environment.
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- 2017
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