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Bu çalışmada; Türkiye'de kırsal alanlarda ısınma amaçlı olarak kullanılan yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından güneşte kurutulmuş sığır gübresi külünün (SGK) farklı oranlarda çimento yerine kullanılmasının, hafif betonun basınç dayanımı üzerine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada, hafif agrega olarak pomza bağlayıcı olarak da CEM I 42,5 R tipi çimento ve SGK ikamesi kullanılmıştır. Karışımlara çimento yerine ağırlıkça belirli oranlarda (%0, %5, %10, %15 ve %20) SGK ikame edilerek 5 grup halinde toplam 45 adet 150×150×150 mm’lik küp numune üretilmiştir. Taze beton deneyleri olarak-birim ağırlık deneyleri; serleşmiş beton deneyleri olarak da kuru birim ağırlık, su emme ve basınç dayanımı deneyleri yapılmıştır. SGK kullanılan numunelerde, SGK ikamesinin artması ile kontrol örneklerine göre su emme miktarında bir miktar artış, basınç dayanımlarında ise bir miktar düşüş görülmüştür. %5, %10, %15 ve %20 oranlarında SGK ikamesi ile üretilen numunelerin 28 günlük basınç dayanımı düşüş değerleri kontrol örnekleri ile karşılaştırıldığında sırasıyla %4, %4,6, %5,5 ve %6 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çimento yerine %20 SGK ikamesinin uygulanması, numunelerin 28 günlük basınç dayanımlarında %6’lık bir azalma gözlemlenmiştir.

Ortaçağ’dan günümüze az sayıda resmî belge ulaşmıştır. Bu belgeleri daha ziyade muafiyet vesikaları oluşturmaktadır. Atanma fermanları ile görevden azil belgeleri ise yok denecek kadar azdır. Bu açıdan günümüze ulaşan tüm atanma yarlıkları kıymete değerdir. Söz konusu ferman vezirlik gibi devlet bürokrasisinin tepesindeki görev ile ilgili olunca daha da önem arz etmektedir. Celayırlı zamanı (1340-1431) müelliflerinden Muhammed b. Hindûşâh Nahcevânî 1366 yılında yazımını tamamladığı Düstûru’l-Kâtib fî T’ayîni’l-Merâtib (Rütbelerin Tayininde Kâtibin Kullanacağı Kılavuz) adlı eserde, İlhanlı ve Celayırlı dönemlerine ait bir takım idarî ve askerî görevlere atanma yarlıkları kaydedilmiştir. Bu fermanlardan biri de Şemseddin Zekeriya’nın Şeyh Üveys (h. 1356-1374) zamanında vezirliği atanma yarlığıdır. Bu atanma fermanı dışında, adı geçen vezir hakkında bildiklerimiz, bazı Timurlu dönemi (1370-1506) müelliflerinin kayıtlarından oluşmaktadır. Bu açıdan çalışmanın odak noktası Timurlu tarihçilerinin Şemseddin Zekeriya’nın hayatı hakkında aktardıkları ile Hindûşâh Nahcevânî’nin kaydettiği vezarete atanma yarlığıdır.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different irrigation water treatments and silicon doses on leaf SPAD meter readings, chlorophyll content and carotenoid contents of tomato plants. Tybiff Aq tomato seedling were grown in 3-liter pots filled with 1100 g of 1:1 peat-perlite mixture for 70 days. Four different type of irrigation waters were prepared with the use of sea and tap water. Irrigation waters included I) Full sea water, II) ½ sea water + ½ tap water, III) ¼ sea water + ¾ tap water, IV) Full tap water (control). Each irrigation water was supplemented with silica gel (SiO2.xH2O) at 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM Si doses. Nutrient solutions were supplied to meet macro and micronutrient requirements of tomato plants. Leaf chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and total chlorophyll contents significantly increased with increasing tap water ratios of the irrigation water. Significant increases were observed in chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and total chlorophyll contents with increasing silicon doses. Such increases achieved with silicon treatments were more remarkable for chlorophyll-a and total chlorophyll contents. Leaf chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and total chlorophyll contents significantly decreased with increasing leaf sodium, chlorine and magnesium contents, but significantly increased with increasing leaf active iron and potassium contents. Leaf chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and total chlorophyll contents increased with increasing leaf calcium contents, but such increases were not significant. Leaf carotenoid contents significantly increased with increasing tap water ratios of the irrigation water. Effects of silicon doses on leaf carotenoid contents varied with the type of irrigation water. The 0.5 mM silicon supplementation into tap water significantly increased carotenoid contents.

The purpose of this study was to explore the possibilities of improving chilling stress tolerance of eggplant seedlings through exogenous melatonin (MEL) application. Eggplant (Hadrian F1) seedlings were treated with various concentrations (0, 1, 5 or 25 μM) of MEL via soil drench after which they were subjected to chilling stress at 5°C/10°C (night/day) for 3 days. Following stress imposition, the efficacy of MEL applications on enhancing chilling stress tolerance was determined by several physical and physiological measurements and biochemical analyses. The results demonstrated that exogenous application of MEL alleviated the adverse effects of chilling stress in eggplant seedlings. Among the MEL concentrations tested, 5 µM was determined as the most effective concentration since antioxidant enzyme (CAT, POX and APOX) and photosynthetic activities increased while visual and membrane damage decreased in 5 µM MEL-treated seedlings. Also, these results are the first experimental evidence that exogenous application of MEL could improve chilling stress tolerance in eggplant, but further detailed studies are necessary to better understand the mechanism in acquiring chilling tolerance.

Resumo Fundamento A doença valvar mitral reumatismal (DVMR) é a apresentação mais comum das doenças cardíacas reumáticas (DCR). Os processos de inflamação e fibrose também têm papéis significativos em sua patogênese. Estudos recentes demonstram que os tióis e o tiol-dissulfeto são marcadores de stress oxidativo inéditos e promissores. Objetivos O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar diferenças entre os níveis de tiol sérico e de tiol-dissulfeto em pacientes com DVMR e no grupo de controle. Métodos Noventa e dois pacientes com DVMR foram cadastrados no estudo. Cinquenta e quatro sujeitos saudáveis, e com correspondência de sexo e idade em relação ao grupo de estudo, também foram incluídos no estudo como um grupo de controle. Foram investigados os níveis de tiol nos pacientes com DVMR e o grupo de controle. Os p-valores menores que 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados Os pacientes com DVMR apresentaram pressão sistólica da artéria pulmonar (PSAP) e níveis de diâmetro do átrio esquerdo (AE) mais altos que os do grupo de controle. Os níveis de tiol nativo (407±83 μmol/L vs. 297±65 μmol/L, p

Introduction: Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is an emergency clinical syndrome defined as a sudden worsening of heart failure. PREdicting bleeding Complications In patients undergoing Stent implantation and subsEquent Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy (PRECISE-DAPT) score is a new scoring used in the management of duration of dual-antiplatelet therapy after coronary intervention. We presented the hypothesis that this scoring can be used as a predictor of mortality in heart failure. Objective: In this study, the correlation between mortality and PRECISE-DAPT score will be analyzed in patients diagnosed with ADHF. Materials and Methods: A total of 114 patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of ADHF were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: PRECISE-DAPT score ≥25 and PRECISE-DAPT score 6 months) and overall mortality. Results: According to univariate analysis, it was found that PRECISE-DAPT score was significantly related with early (P < 0.001), late (P < 0.001), and overall (P < 0.001) mortality. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that PRECISE-DAPT was independently associated with late (hazard ratio: 6.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6–27.3; P = 0.009) and overall (hazard ratio: 11.3; 95% CI 3.2–40.9; P < 0.001) mortality. According to Kaplan–Meier curve, those with a score of ≥25 were shown to have significantly higher mortality. The predictive ability for the PRECISE-DAPT score threshold value of 25 was investigated in 3 mortality subgroups. Conclusion: The PRECISE-DAPT score may be a significant independent predictor of mortality in patients with ADHF. Limitations: This study is subject to the limitations inherent to a retrospective study and the sample size in our study is relatively small.

Introduction: Coronary collateral circulation (CCC) is an adaptive response to chronic myocardial ischemia. The monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) has been reported as a new predictor and prognostic indicator of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the association between MHR and CCC in stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials and Methods: A total of 355 consecutive patients who were admitted to our hospital for coronary angiography with stable angina pectoris with ≥90% stenosis were enrolled into the study. The CCC was graded using the Rentrop Classification: Grade 0-1–2-3. Results: MHR (12.5 ± 4.5 vs. 16.4 ± 5.7, P < 0.01) is significantly higher in the well CCC group than in the poor CCC group. We demonstrated that MHR levels are significantly related with the Rentrop classification of CCC. In the Rentrop III group, the MHR value was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than the Rentrop-0, Rentrop-I, and Rentrop-II group. In the Rentrop II group, the MHR value was significantly higher (p

INTRODUCTION[|]Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common complication of diagnostic or interventional procedures that may arise from administration of intravascular contrast media. Recent studies have reported the thiol-disulfide ratio as a novel oxidative stress marker. Therefore, we investigated the role of thiol levels in predicting CIN in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who had undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).[¤]METHODS[|]A total of 302 patients were enrolled in the study. CIN was defined as an increase in serum creatinine concentration ≥0.5 mg/dL compared with the admission value or a >25% relative rise during the first 48–72 hours after the procedure. To evaluate the relationship between thiol levels and CIN, the patients were divided into a CIN group and a non-CIN group.[¤]RESULTS[|]CIN occurred in 44 (15%) patients. Native thiol (274.8+-84.7 μmol/L vs. 220.8+-97.1 μmol/L, p=0.001) and total thiol (305.4+-89.7 μmol/L vs. 260.1+-102.1 μmol/L, p=0.009) levels were higher in patients within the non-CIN group. Disulfide (15.8+-6.6 μmol/L vs. 19.6+-8.4 μmol/L, p=0.002) levels, and mean disulfide/total thiol ratios (8.4+-3.7 vs. 5.9+-3.1, p=0.001) were higher in patients with CIN (+) group. In univariate analysis, the initial native thiol, total thiol, disulfide levels, and disulfide/total thiol ratio were found to have prognostic significance in the development of CIN. In the multivariate regression analysis, only the disulfide/total thiol ratio (OR=1.190; 95% CI: 1.090–1.300; p=0.001) was significantly and independently associated with CIN. The cutoff value of the disulfide/total thiol ratio to predict CIN on admission in patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI was 7, with a sensitivity of 68.2% and a specificity of 79.8%.[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]Our results suggest that thiol/disulfide homeostasis could be a good biochemical risk marker for CIN in STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI.[¤]

Background and Aim: Catheter-based atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation primarily for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has become a significant therapeutic alternative for symptomatic and drug-refractory AF patients. It is evident that AF time and left atrium diameter (LAD) have the most critical impact on AF recurrence. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of coronary artery dominance for predicting AF recurrence after cryoballoon PVI. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical, laboratory, and angiographic data from consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography and successful cryoballoon PVI. Images of the coronary angiography were retrospectively reviewed for the coronary artery dominance by two experienced observers. The coronary artery system was classified as right dominant (RD) and left dominant. Results: A total of 140 patients without coronary artery disease and structural heart disease who underwent successful cryoballoon PVI were included in the study. There were 101 RD (72%) and 39 left-dominant (28%) patterns. A total of 26 patients (22%) had developed AF recurrence during follow-up. AF recurrence rates were 41% in the left coronary-dominant group and 15% in the right coronary-dominant group (P = 0.001). According to AF recurrence after cryoballoon PVI, only follow-up time (15.7 ± 2.4 vs. 14 ± 1.8 months, P = 0.001), LAD (41.8 ± 2 vs. 40.6 ± 1.8 mm, P = 0.003) and coronary artery disease (CAD) (left CAD, 51.6% vs. 21.1%, P = 0.001) were significantly associated with AF recurrence. AF recurrence rates in multivariable logistic regression analysis according to AF recurrence after cryoballoon PVI, follow-up time, LAD, and CAD were independent predictors of AF recurrence. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that left CAD may be related to AF recurrence after cryoballoon PVI. Coronary artery dominance may be an additional predictor of AF recurrence if supported by larger prospective studies.

This research was carried out to determine the changes in melatonin and tryptophan contents and the possible effects of melatonin on the ageing process of lettuce seeds stored for two years. For this purpose, seeds were treated with melatonin (0 or 250 µM) for one day after which they were stored for up to two years at two temperature (4°C or 25°C) regimes. The results showed that seed melatonin content varied significantly during storage reaching its peaks in October-December and lowest levels in August while tryptophan levels displayed an opposite trend with a strong peak in August and low levels in October. Similar seasonal changes were observed in seeds stored under both temperature conditions suggesting that endogenous melatonin could play a crucial role in seasonal rhythms independent of environmental conditions. Lettuce seed quality deteriorated fast when stored at 25°C but pre-treatment with melatonin reduced seed deterioration significantly by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and restoring membrane properties indicating that melatonin could be used to slow the ageing process in seeds.

Objective: Due to rapid changes in volume and electrolyte concentration during hemodialysis (HD), some electrocardiographic (ECG) changes or arrhythmias can be seen. The aim of this study was to assess ECG QRS axis changes and other ECG parameters after HD in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods: A total of 46 patients (65% male, mean age 52+-15 years) with a sinus rhythm and without cardiovascular disease who were undergoing chronic HD treatment were included to the study. Blood samples, 12-lead electrocardiograms, and echocardiograms were recorded immediately before and at the end of an HD session. The QRS axis and other electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, electrolyte parameter, and volume changes were analyzed. Results: The serum urea, creatinine, potassium, and B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations significantly decreased after HD, and the serum calcium levels significantly increased after HD. Body weight significantly decreased after HD. There was no significant difference in the QRS duration, PR interval, P-wave axis, QRS axis, or QT and QTc interval following HD. Based on a comparison of variables according to the any QRS axis change after HD treatment, there was no significant difference in biochemical values, HD time, ultrafiltration volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, or other echocardiographic findings. Conclusion: ESRD and HD are complex and dynamic processes, and the change in the QRS axis is rarely emphasized in these patients. In our study, there was no significant change in the QRS axis with HD in patients without cardiovascular disease.

Objective: Right ventricular (RV) functions are clinically important in acute pulmonary embolism (APE). Measurement of systolic function of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) with echocardiography is a simple method to evaluate RV function. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between RVOT systolic function and the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI). Methods: A total of 151 patients diagnosed with APE by pulmonary computed tomography angiography or ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy were included. Patients were assigned to 2 groups based on the simplified PESI (sPESI): sPESI 1 patients (58.7+-12.9 years vs. 61.1+-12.7 years, respectively). Frequency of male gender was significantly higher in PESI

Melatonin was first isolated from bovine pineal gland more than half a century ago as an important animal hormone and since then it was proved to be present in almost all forms of life including eukaryotic unicells, prokaryotes, fungi, algae, animals and plants. In this study, the effects of pre-sowing seed treatment with melatonin on germination and emergence performance of pepper seeds under chilling conditions were investigated. Seeds were immersed in 0 distilled water , 1, 5, 10 or 25 µM melatonin solutions for 24 hours after which they were dried for one day and subjected to germination and emergence tests at optimum 25 o C and chilling stress 15 o C conditions. Untreated dry seeds were used as a control. Exogenous melatonin treatment promoted pepper seed germination and emergence under chilling conditions. Treatment of seeds with melatonin especially in 1 or 5 µM concentrations significantly improved germination and emergence percentage whereas control seeds and seeds treated with water exhibited the lowest germination and emergence performance. Melatonin application also reduced the MDA and H2 O2 contents and elevated SOD and CAT enzyme activities. The improvement in germination and emergence performance of pepper under chilling stress conditions following melatonin treatment may therefore be due to reduced lipid peroxidation and elevated activities of antioxidant enzymes.

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) can be most disabling, resulting in the loss of sensitivity, motor function and autonomic control in the involved anatomical segment. Although injured peripheral nerves are capable of regeneration, sub-optimal recovery of function is seen even with the best reconstruction. Distal axonal degeneration is an unavoidable consequence of PNI. There are currently few strategies aimed to maintain the distal pathway and/or target fidelity during regeneration across the zone of injury. The current state of the art approaches have been focussed on the site of nerve injury and not on their distal muscular targets or representative proximal cell bodies or central cortical regions. This is a comprehensive literature review of the neurochemistry of peripheral nerve regeneration and a state of the art analysis of experimental compounds (inorganic and organic agents) with demonstrated neurotherapeutic efficacy in improving cell body and neuron survival, reducing scar formation and maximising overall nerve regeneration.

In this study, the effects of CaCl2 on fruit yield, quality Ca/Na and K/Na ratios and Na content of tomato leaves under NaCl stress conditions were determined. The doses of 0, 6.8 and 16.8 mM CaCl2 were combined with the doses of 0, 44.4, 70.4 mM NaCl in complete nutrient solution. General, NaCl and CaCl2 decreased fruit yield, NaCl decreased stem amount, whereas it increased at 6.8 mM CaCl2. CaCl2 decreased fruit yield without NaCl, but it increased fruit yield significantly at 44.4 mM dose and caused tolerance to NaCl. The 6.8 mM dose of CaCl2 increased stem amount without NaCl. However, CaCl2 did not cause tolerance at high doses of NaCl in terms of growth. CaCl2 decreased brix of fruit, while NaCl increased it. CaCl2 increased brix without NaCl, but decreased it at 44.4 and 70.4 mM NaCl. CaCl2 and NaCl decreased fruit juice pH significantly. Besides, CaCl2 decreased fruit juice pH at 0 and 44.4 mM of NaCl. The number of fruits which were found to have blossom-end rot (NFBER) did not change without NaCl with the influence of CaCl2. However, CaCl2 applied at high doses of NaCl decreased the NFBER and provided tolerance to NaCl. Increasing dose of NaCl increased significantly the Na content in leaves, but the addition CaCl2 decreased significantly the Na content in leaves. Increasing the dose of CaCl2 applications at 0 and 44.4 mM NaCl levels increased the Ca/Na ratio in tomato leaves. But, the effect of CaCl2 on Ca/Na ratio of leaves was statistically insignificant. The addition of NaCl into the solution nutrient decreased the Ca/Na and K/Na ratios in tomato leaves. The effect of CaCl2 on the K/Na ratio of leaves was not found significant.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has shown favorable outcomes in patients with severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis who are at high surgical risk or who are unsuitable candidates for open-heart surgery. However, concerns exist over treating patients who have undergone previous mitral valve surgery due to the potential interference between the mitral prosthetic valve or ring and the TAVI device. In this case report, we present a case in which a patient with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis and previous mechanical mitral valve replacement was successfully treated with TAVI using a Portico valve, which is under-researched.

Background. Atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) is a congenital deformity of the interatrial septum with a prevalence of 1-2% in the adult population. Although ASA has been supposed to be an incidental finding in echocardiographic examination, its structural and clinical associations have gained an increasing interest. Aim. To investigate and compare the clinical features and echocardiographic parameters between ASA patients and age- and gender-matched control group patients. Methods. 410 patients with ASA were enrolled in the study, prospectively. After the exclusion of 33 patients, the remaining 377 patients comprised the study group. The control group consisted of 377 age- and gender-matched patients without ASA. Results. Aortic valve regurgitation and mitral valve regurgitation were more often observed in patients with ASA, and percentages of patients with ascending aortic aneurysm (AAA), patent foramen ovale (PFO), and atrial septal defect (ASD) were higher in ASA patients compared to control group patients. Aortic root diameter was larger in ASA patients compared to control group patients (29.2 ± 3.9, 28.6 ± 3.1, p=0.05, respectively). Ascending aorta diameter was higher in ASA patients compared to patients without ASA (44 ± 0.3, 41.5 ± 0.2, p=0.02). Logistic regression analysis revealed that mitral valve regurgitation (OR: 2.05, 95% CI : 1.44–2.92, p

Background: The ‘smoker's paradox’ refers to the observation of favorable prognosis in current smokers following an acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the era of fibrinolysis, however, several STEMI studies have demonstrated conflicting results in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (p-PCI). Objective: Aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of cigarette smoking on left ventricular function in STEMI patients undergoing p-PCI. Methods: Our population is represented by 74 first-time anterior STEMI patients undergoing p-PCI, 37 of whom were smokers. We assessed left ventricular function by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on the second day after admission and at 3-month follow-up. Early predictors of adverse left ventricular remodelling after STEMI treated by p-PCI were examined. Results: Basal demographics and comorbidities were similar between groups. Although the LVEF during the early phase was higher in smokers compared to non-smokers (44.95 ± 7.93% vs. 40.32 ± 7.28%; p = 0.011); it worsened in smokers at follow-up (mean decrease in LVEF: −2.70 ± 5.95%), whereas it improved in non-smokers (mean recovery of LVEF: +2.97 ± 8.45%). In univariate analysis, diabetes mellitus, peak troponin I, current smoking, and lower TIMI flow grade after p-PCI, pain-to-door time and door-to-balloon times were predictors of adverse left ventricular remodelling. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, smoking at admission, lower TIMI flow grade after p-PCI, the pain-to-door time and door-to-balloon times remained independent predictors of deterioration in LVEF. Conclusion: True or persistent ‘smoker's paradox’ does not appear to be relevant among STEMI patients undergoing p-PCI. The ‘smoker's paradox’ is in fact a pseudo-paradox. Further studies with larger numbers may be warranted.

Toprak tuzluluğu bitki verim ve kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkileyen en önemli abiyotik stres faktörlerinden birisidir. Silisyum (Si) bitkilerde stres faktörlerini azaltan bir element olarak bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tuz x Si interaksiyonunun çeltik dane verimine, tuzlulaşmanın toprakların yarayışlı Si kapsamına ve tuz stresinin önlenmesinde Si’un etkilerini incelemektir. Bu amaçla Samsun yöresi çeltik topraklarından 5 adet toprak örneği alınmıştır. Topraklarda farklı tuz düzeyi oluşturmak için 9:5:5:1 oranında Na2SO4:NaCl:CaCl2:MgSO4 tuz karışımından 1, 2, 3, 4 ve 5 no’lu topraklara EC değeri sırasıyla, 10.27, 3.55, 10.98, 5.75 ve 7.22 dS m-1’ye ulaşacak şekilde uygulanmıştır. Topraklarda faktöriyel deneme desenine göre (2 x 5) 3 tekerrürlü sera denemesi kurularak çeltik bitkisi yetiştirilmiştir. Her tuz seviyesinde (tuzsuz ve tuzlu) topraklara 0, 50, 100, 200 ve 400 mg Si kg-1 silisik asit (H4SiO4) verilmiştir. Ayrıca bütün topraklara toprak analizine göre yarayışlı NPK seviyeleri eşitlenecek şekilde gübreleme yapılmıştır. Silisyum gübrelemesiyle çeltik dane veriminde sağlanan ortalama artışın EC’si 3.55 dS m-1 olan toprakta % 55.5 ile EC’si 10.98 dS m-1 olan toprakta ise % 2.31 arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tuz x Si interaksiyonu 4 toprakta önemli olduğu ve optimum Si dozunun toprakların tuz seviyelerine göre değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Toprakların EC seviyeleri arttıkça yarayışlı Si kapsamında ve Si gübrelemesinin çeltik dane veriminde sağladığı artışlarda azalma görülmüştür. Silisyum çeltik danesinin Na içeriğini genellikle azaltırken; K içeriğini artırmış; Ca, Mg ve P içeriğinde ise belirgin bir eğilim gözlenmemiştir. Çeltiğin dane verimi ile Na içeriği arasında çok önemli negatif ilişki (R = - 0.664) elde edilirken, silisyumlu gübreleme danenin K/Na, Ca/Na, Mg/Na ve P/Na oranlarını genellikle artırmıştır. Sonuç olarak, tuzlu topraklarda yetiştirilen çeltik bitkisine uygulanacak optimum Si dozunun 200 mg kg-1 olduğu ve çeltik yetiştiriciliğinde silisyumlu gübrelemenin toprakta tuzluluk ve alkaliliğin zararlarını azaltan pratik bir uygulama olabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır.

Silicon (Si) is of nutrient element required very large amounts by rice plant. Thus silicon deficiency can commonly observed in paddling soils. In this study, silicon status and reponse to the silicon fertilizer of Bafra and Terme districts of Samsun for rice cultivation were investigated by means of a pot experiment set up in completely randomised design with three replications. For this purpose, 18 paddy soil samples were taken. Rice plants were grown in a pot filled with 2 kg of oven-dry soil and fertilized with 0-50-100-200 and 400 mg Si kg-1 as silicic acid (H4SiO2), 75 mg N kg-1 ammonium sulfate (21%) and 60 mg P2O5 kg-1 tripl superfosfate (42%) before sowing. Initially fifteen germinated seeds of Osmancık 77 rice cultivar, were planted into each pot. Rice grains with husk were harvested after 142 days from planting. The results showed that rice grain yield (1.56 - 45.85%) significantly increased (P

Adult coeliac disease commonly presents without classical symptoms as chronic diarrhea and weight loss. We describe the case of a 31-year-old woman with persistent life-threatening hypokalemia, acute renal failure, and acute quadriplegia due to diarrhea that had continued for one month. Although there are cases of coeliac disease diagnosed with hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis in the literature, none of the cases developed acute renal failure. This is the first case in the literature diagnosed with acute renal failure due to hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis as a presentation of coeliac disease. In acute renal failure cases that present with hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis due to severe diarrhea, coeliac disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis despite the negative antigliadin IgA antibody.

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) exposure affects both oxidative and antioxidant systems. This effect is positively correlated with the exposure time and duration of the treatment. The present study aims enlightening the relation of HBO2 with oxidative/antioxidant systems when administered in a prolonged and repetitive manner in brain tissues of rats. Sixty rats were divided into 6 study (n=8 for each) and 1 control (n=12) group. Rats in the study groups were daily exposed 90-min HBO2 sessions at 2.8 ATA for 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 days. One day after the last session, animals were sacrificed; their whole brain tissue was harvested and dissected into three different regions as the outer grey matter (cortex), the inner white matter and cerebellum. Levels of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation and activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were measured in these tissues. Malondialdehyde, carbonylated protein and glutathione peroxidase levels were found to be insignificantly increased at different time-points in the cerebral cortex, inner white matter and cerebellum, respectively. These comparable results provide evidence for the safety of HBO treatments and/or successful adaptive mechanisms at least in the brain tissue of rats, even when administered for longer periods.