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This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and failure rate following meniscal repair for vertical-longitudinal tears between patients 40 years of age or older and patients younger than 40 years. Between 2008 and 2016, 134 patients with vertical longitudinal meniscal tear repair (121 males and 13 females) were included in the study. Patients were divided into two main groups according to age: 40 years (Group 2). The clinical status of patients was evaluated by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Tegner, Lysholm, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, Barretts criteria were used to assess meniscal healing. Patient and tear characteristics, operative features were also investigated. The mean follow-up time was 57.8 ± 13.0 months (range, 24-84 months). There was a significant improvement in clinical scores in both groups (p 0.05). Failure was noted in 8 patients (8.9%) in group 1, 4 patients (9.1%) in group 2 (p>0.05). Time to failure was significantly lower in the older-aged group (p=0.040). Red-white (RW) zone tears, Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m2) and late repairs (>2 months) were found to be significantly higher in failed repairs (p=0.005, p=0.020, p=0.042, respectively). Clinical outcomes following arthroscopic repair for vertical-longitudinal meniscal tears do not differ in terms of age. Especially peripheral tears should be repaired in the early period because of their better healing potential regardless of age. [Med-Science 2020; 9(3.000): 692-9]

Cogu ulkelerde oldugu gibi Turkiye’de de cozume kavusturulmayi bekleyen en onemli sosyo-ekonomik sorunlarin basinda issizlik yer almaktadir. Issizligin bireyler uzerinde birtakim ekonomik, psIkolojik ve sosyal etkiler yarattigi bilinmektedir. Issizligin bireyler uzerinde yarattigi en onemli etkilerden biri de issizlik kaygisidir. 15-24 yas araliginda yer alan bireylerin gelecekleriyle ilgili umitsizlige kapilmalarinda ve issizlik kaygisi yasamalarinda issizlik onemli bir paya sahiptir. STK’ya uyeligin, cevreden saglanan sosyal desteklerin ve sosyal sermayenin bireyler uzerindeki issizlik kaygisini azaltacagi dusunulmektedir. Bu dusunce dogrultusunda yapilan bu arastirmada; universite son sinif ogrencilerinin sosyal sermayeleriyle issizlik kaygilari arasinda anlamli bir iliskinin olup olmadigi analiz edilmistir. Ataturk Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakultesi son sinif ogrencileri uzerinde uygulanmis olan bu calismada, bu iki degisken arasindaki iliskinin varligi korelasyon analizi ile ortaya konulmustur. Calismaya katilan ve uygun bulunan 155 katilimcidan alinan cevaplar uzerinden analiz gerceklestirilmistir. Calismanin sonucunda sosyal sermaye ile issizlik kaygisi arasinda negatif yonlu bir iliski oldugu ve sosyal sermaye duzeyleri yuksek olan bireylerin issizlik kaygilarinin azalacagi tespit edilmistir. Cinsiyete gore; kadinlarda issizlik kaygisi erkeklerde ise sosyal sermaye duzeyi daha yuksek cikmistir. Bireylerin sosyal sermaye duzeylerinin arttirilmasi issizlik kaygilarini azaltacagini ve gelecege daha umitli bakacaklari sonucuna varilmistir.

Summary: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the incidence and economic burden of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) in a university hospital in a middle-income country. Surveillance data between April 2011 and April 2013 in the Orthopedic Surgery Department was evaluated. Patients (>16 years old) who had primary arthroplasty in Erciyes University were included in the study, and patients with preoperative infection were excluded. Patients were followed up during their stay in the hospital and during readmission to the hospital for PJI by a trained Infection Control Nurse. During the study period, 670 patients were followed up. There were 420 patients (62.7%) with total hip arthroplasty (THA), 241 (36.0%) with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and 9 (1.3%) with shoulder arthroplasty (SA). The median age was 64, and 70.6% were female. The incidence of PJI was 1.2% (5/420) in THA, 4.6% (11/241) in TKA and 0% (0/9) in SA. PJI was significantly more prevalent in TKA (p = 0.029). All of the PJIs showed early infection, and the median time for the development of PJI was 23.5 days (range 7–120 days). The median total length of the hospital stay was seven times higher in PJI patients than patients without PJI (49 vs. 7 days, p = 0.001, retrospectively). All hospital costs were 2- to 24-fold higher in patients with PJI than in those without PJI (p = 0.001). In conclusion, the incidence and economic burden of PJI was high. Implementing a national surveillance system and infection control protocols in hospitals is essential for the prevention of PJI and a cost-effective solution for the healthcare system in low-middle-income countries. Keywords: Arthroplasty, Infection control, Operating rooms, Incidence, Cost

Objective: The high risk of nonunion represents a challenge in vertebral surgery, thus stimulating new strategies to improve fusion rates. We investigated the effect of 2 different bone grafts and amniotic fluid application on radiologically and histologically evaluated vertebral fusion in an experimental rat model. Materials and methods: Forty-eight 24-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were included and assigned into 1 of 4 groups: allograft group, allograft plus human amniotic fluid group, demineralized bone matrix (DBM) group, or DBM plus human amniotic fluid group. After decortication and L4–L6 spinal fusion, study treatments were applied. Fusion in each rat was examined radiologically and histologically 8 weeks after the intervention. Results: The group that received only allograft had better radiologic scores (median = 3.5; range = 3–4) when compared with the group that received only DBM (median = 2; range = 1–4) (P = 0.002); however, histologic scores did not differ. When amniotic fluid was added to the grafting, allograft-based treatments performed better than DBM-based treatments both on radiologic (median = 4; range = 3–4 vs median = 3; range = 3–4; P = 0.003) and histologic (median = 7; range = 6–7 vs median = 5; range = 3–6; P < 0.001) evaluation. Addition of amniotic fluid did not result in better outcomes in the rats that received DBM-based treatments but based on histologic evaluation, rats that received allograft-based treatments benefited from this application. Conclusions: Amniotic fluid seems to have an enhancing effect on posterior spinal fusion, particularly when combined with allograft.

Avascular necrosis is frequently associated with femoral head involvement and may also be observed in the knee joint, humeral head, wrist and foot. Avascular necrosis may also affect multiple joints. Bilateral involvement of both humeral and femoral heads is a rare condition in the same patient. A patient who complained about a sustained pain in both of his shoulders and hips for a few years applied to our outpatient clinic. The patient who had oral steroid treatment episodically was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis seven years ago. Arthroscopy-assisted decompression to the shoulder joints and core decompression to both hip joints were applied. The range of motions of both humeral and femoral joints was limited and painful prior to the surgical treatment. A follow-up after five years later showed that the patient's range of motions of joints was normal and no further treatment was necessary. [Arch Clin Exp Surg 2013; 2(4.000): 246-250]

Aim. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the frequent problems of the patients who underwent hemodialysis (HD). The role of venous hypertension due to arteriovenous fistula (AVF) has not been clarified completely; therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of venous hypertension due to AVF in hemodialysis patients who had CTS. Patients and Methods. We included 12 patients who had been receiving HD treatment for less than 8 years and the newly diagnosed CTS patients with the same arm of AVF. All patients were diagnosed clinically and the results were confirmed by both nerve conduction studies and electromyography. Open carpal tunnel release surgery was performed on all of them. Venous pressure was measured in all patients before and after two weeks of surgery. Results. There were significant differences before and after the surgery with regard to pressures (). After the surgery, all carpal ligament specimens of the patients were not stained with Congo red for the presence of amyloid deposition. Conclusion. Increased venous pressure on the same arm with AVF could be responsible for CTS in hemodialysis patients. Carpal tunnel release surgery is the main treatment of this disease by reducing the compression on the nerve.

This study investigates the level of awareness among teachers regarding the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in education, focusing on whether this awareness varies according to socio-demographic characteristics, access to technology, and specific knowledge and beliefs about AI. Conducted in Northern Cyprus during the 2023–2024 academic year, this study employed a survey model with purposive and snowball sampling methods, involving 164 teachers. Teachers at different levels, namely, primary school, secondary school, high school, and university, were included in this study. The “Artificial Intelligence Awareness Scale”, developed by Ferikoğlu and Akgün (2022), was used to measure AI awareness. Data normality was verified through skewness and kurtosis values, allowing for parametric statistical tests such as t-tests, one-way ANOVA, logistic regression, and chi-square analysis. This study explored the distribution of AI use across different school types and educational levels and assessed the impact of sub-dimensions of AI awareness on its application in teaching. Findings revealed no significant influence of teacher demographics (age, gender, education level, type of school, institution level, and monthly income) on AI awareness. However, usage patterns indicated that university lecturers were more likely to incorporate AI in their teaching, followed by primary and high school teachers, with secondary school teachers using it the least. A Multilayer Neural Network Analysis identified practical knowledge as the most critical factor influencing the use of AI in teaching (importance weight of 0.450), followed by beliefs and attitudes (0.298), relatability (0.148), and theoretical knowledge (0.104). These results highlight the importance of practical knowledge for fostering AI integration in educational practices, underscoring significant implications for teacher training and professional development programs.

The study aims to understand university students’ perceptions of stereotypes in foreign language learning in Cyprus, a multilingual and multicultural island. The goal is to comprehend how stereotypes impact foreign language education, enabling educators to tailor teaching environments and methodologies accordingly. The research question probes the extent and the influencing variables of stereotypes held by students in Cyprus during their language learning journey. This quantitative descriptive study involved 832 students from various faculties of a private North Cyprus university during the 2021–2022 academic year. A sample of 550 students, comprising 269 males and 281 females, was randomly selected. The stereotyped thought scale for a foreign language, a tool developed by Ünal in 2015 with 42 items across 8 sub-dimensions, was employed to gauge students’ stereotypical thoughts. The study’s results revealed an average score of 2.99 out of 5 on the scale, indicating that students’ stereotyped thinking falls within the average range. Notably, several variables, including gender, age, education, family, and language proficiency, significantly influence the stereotypes students hold during their language learning process.

INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a global pandemic with catastrophic consequences for healthcare systems causing serious respiratory illness, was first reported in China. Early identification of severe illness is critical for controlling it and improving the prognosis of patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of Creactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio and to investigate the usability of this ratio in COVID-19. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of 1077 patients. The statistical significance was calculated using Mann-Whitney U test. The correlations between CRP/albumin ratio and other datas were evaluated by Spearman's rho test. We evaluated the prognostic value of CRP/albumin ratio using the Chi-Square test and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Higher CRP/albumin ratio levels were associated with long-term hospitalization in COVID-19. When the results of the receiver operating characteristic analysis were examined for all laboratory parameters, the area under the curve value of the CRP/albumin ratio, procalcitonin, CRP, and albumin were 0.85, 0.64, 0.86, and 0.81, respectively. The survival mortality cut-off value for CRP/albumin ratio was determined as 1.895. When evaluated by Cox regression analysis (cutoff value: 1.895, p

IntroductionThere are many foreign students in higher education in Northern Cyprus. Both the academic and life skills of these students depend on attaching the necessary importance to their Turkish language teaching. The goal of this study is to examine how university students employ learning technology, twenty-first-century abilities, and perceived categories of intelligence in the process of learning a foreign language.MethodsIn line with the quantitative research design, this study utilized a descriptive approach. Purposeful and convenience sampling methods were used to create the study sample. As a result, the institution in Northern Cyprus with the largest international student body was chosen. At this university, one of the authors of this study has been employed, and Turkish is the language of teaching. The study sample consisted of 431 university students who took Turkish as a foreign language in the 2021–2022 academic year at the selected university.ResultsThe results of the study revealed a weak yet statistically significant correlation between twenty-first-century skills and usage of foreign language-learning technologies. Additionally, students' twenty-first-century skill scores differed significantly, whereas their foreign language-learning technology scale scores did not match their self-perceived intelligence types.ConclusionThe research's findings indicate that students in higher education possess twenty-first-century skills. Based on this finding, it is possible to engage students in the courses and accomplish effective foreign language acquisition if foreign language education is carried out in accordance with modern methodologies and based on twenty-first-century abilities. It has been revealed in this study that it is important to include social learning rather than individual and competitive learning in foreign language education classes.

Conjoint behavioral consultation (CBC), as adjusted for 2e children with academic and behavioral difficulties, was the focus of this single-subject design study. Three young children from a preschool participated, together with their parents and teachers. Academic enablers for students—intervention, maintenance, and generalization phases; academic and behavioral competencies—intervention, maintenance, and generalization phases; and teachers’, parents’, and students’ perceptions of the intervention’s social validity data were collected among the outcome measures. Findings from multiple participant-related probes pointed to constructive improvements in the phases of intervention, maintenance for listening behavior, and improved on-task skill in intervention, maintenance, and generalization. Additionally, during the consultation, parents and teachers noted improvements in the outcomes of the target behavior such as rhythm keeping, picture–word matching, writing the pictured concept in Turkish, writing the pictured concept in English, short personal story writing, short personal story telling, and verbal math problem solving, and each stakeholder gave the intervention a grade for its social validity. Limitations, potential routes for future study, and implications for preschool CBC intervention are highlighted.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effect of biceps tenotomy on humeral migration and clinical outcomes in patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff (RC) repair. Methods This is a retrospective study of 60 patients who underwent arthroscopic RC repair. Patients were divided into two groups, whether they underwent concomitant biceps tenotomy or not. The group underwent concomitant biceps tenotomy, tenotomy ( +), or not, tenotomy (‐). Clinical and functional outcomes were performed using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), the University of California‐Los Angeles (UCLA) scoring system. Radiological evaluation was performed in X‐rays and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), measuring the acromiohumeral distance (AHD), humeral migration (HM) and upper migration index (UMI). Results There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of patient characteristics. The follow‐up period was 30.9 ± 8.7 months in the tenotomy ( +) group and 34.9 ± 8.2 months in the tenotomy (‐) group with no significant difference. Postoperative ASES score improved significantly in the tenotomy ( +) group compared to the tenotomy (‐) group (91.2 ± 4.7, 80.8 ± 18.7, respectively, p = 0.005). There was a significant difference in postoperative AHD, HM and UMI values (MRI; p = 0.003, p = 0.017, p = 0.025; X‐ray; p = 0.049, p = 0.002, p = 0.010, respectively). The post–pre difference increase of AHD [MRI for tenotomy( +): 0.14 ± 0.86 and tenotomy(‐): 0.91 ± 0.85, p = 0.001; X‐ray for tenotomy( +): 0.61 ± 0.43 and tenotomy(‐): 1.12 ± 0.7, p = 0.001] and UMI [MRI for tenotomy( +): 0.005 ± 0.05 and tenotomy(‐): 0.04 ± 0.06, p = 0.006; X‐ray for tenotomy( +): 0.01 ± .064 and tenotomy(‐): 0.12 ± 0.37, p = 0.110] values were higher in the tenotomy (‐) group compared to the tenotomy ( +) group while HM values decreased more in the tenotomy (‐) group. [MRI for tenotomy ( +): ‐0.19 ± 1.07 and tenotomy (‐): ‐0.79 ± 1.52, p = 0.079; X‐ray for tenotomy ( +): ‐0.27 ± 0.54 and tenotomy (‐): ‐1.006 ± 1.83, p = 0.040]. Conclusion After short‐term follow‐up, the humeral head was positioned higher in patients who underwent LHBT tenotomy compared to patients without tenotomy. However, it seems to affect clinical outcomes during this period positively. Level of Evidence Level 3

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the importance of teaching and teacher assessment of Turkish / Turkish language and literature courses and, if present, the impact that gender plays on the outcomes. The opinions of both teachers and students were taken into consideration. The research question was determined as “what is the impact of the gender of Turkish language and literature teachers and inspectors on education and inspection?” This study was conducted in north Cyprus as a case study which is a qualitative research model. The study group of the research consisted of 11 Turkish language and literature teachers employed in high schools which are operating under the General Secondary Education Office and 42 twelfth grade students attending these institutions. Interview forms were prepared for the purpose of this study using semi-structured interview techniques and content analysis was implemented during its analysis stage. In conclusion, this research revealed that gender was effective in teaching; in other words, students preferred female teachers to male teachers. However, there were no significant findings in the analysis of the data on whether teachers preferred male or female inspectors. The finding that students significantly preferred female teachers more over male teachers may have a positive role on the development of education in the future.

The objective of this study is to develop a scale related to the auditing criteria of Turkish language and literature teachers. The study group consisted of 120 Turkish language and literature teachers who were working in Northern Cyprus. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis were performed to determine the construct validity of the scale. As a result of the EFA, a two-factor structure emerged, namely field knowledge competences and proficiency in professions. The variance rate explained by two factors was 54.00%. This structure was confirmed by DFA; A 5-point Likert-type scale with 2 factors and 27 items was developed. The goodness of fit indexes calculated by CFA are as follows: 762 / SD = 2.011, GFI = .903, RMSEA = .076, CFI = .901, NFI = .849. An examination of the reliability analysis results of the score showed that the Cronbach’s Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was 0.94. The Spearman-Brown Coefficient and the Guttman Split-Half Coefficient were both found to be 0.79. When the item-total correlation coefficients were examined, it was determined that the correlation coefficients of the scale items with the total ranged between 0.48 and 0.70. Resultantly, it is thought that the scale related to the criteria of the Turkish Language and Literature Teachers' Audit Criteria developed in this research will resolve a significant deficiency in the literature.

In this study, teachers' views are evaluated to determine whether there is a relationship between the humor styles of school principals and the health of an organization. The study is based on a mixed research approach with both quantitative and qualitative aspects. In the quantitative study, the teachers were asked to describe their principals' senses of humor using the “humor behavior scale” and to evaluate the organization in which they worked using the “organizational health inventory.” In the qualitative dimension, principals working in primary schools were interviewed and asked to evaluate their own sense of humor and the school's health. When the quantitative findings were examined, the regression results showed that school principals with a cynical style of humor negatively predicts organizational health, and productive social and affirmative styles of humor positively predict organizational health. In the qualitative study, the content analysis results revealed that a school administrator who uses humor effectively is capable of effectively solving problems in the school. However, it has been stated that the humor style of the school principal can have negative effects as well as positive effects. School principals are advised to recognize the teachers with whom they work and to distinguish which teachers are receptive to humor.

This study aims to examine the views of primary school teachers from North and South Cyprus on Teachers’ Unions. Qualitative research and a comparative case study method were used for the study. Thirty-seven primary school teachers from North and South Cyprus participated in this study. The data were obtained through interviews and analyzed by the content analysis method. The comparison of the findings of the research suggests that the functions of trade unions are related to the pressing issues of education, teachers, and the nation in both regions. Turkish Cypriots placed emphasis on education-related functions, while for Greek Cypriots teachers-related functions mattered more. Turkish Cypriot teachers assessed the functions of their unions to be more unsatisfactory than their Greek Cypriot counterparts’.

This study examined the politics and political involvements of the Orthodox Church of Cyprus in the early postcolonial era, with a special focus on the ecclesiastical coup that aimed for the ouster of Archbishop Makarios III, who was also the President of the Republic of Cyprus from 1960 to 1977. The findings indicate that the Greek junta, Greek Cypriot terrorists, and the three bishops of the Orthodox Church of Cyprus joined forces to oust Makarios by forcing him to resign his presidency. These actors were displeased with Makarios because he tolerated Cypriot communism, refused to follow Athens’ manipulations in Cypriot politics, and promoted Cyprus’ independence by abandoning the pro-Enosis (unification of Cyprus with Greece) political line. The Greek junta tried to dictate policies to Makarios and asked him to resign as he refused to obey. Greek Cypriot terrorists engaged in violence to destabilize the island and oust Makarios. The three bishops summoned the Holy Synod and defrocked the Archbishop as he refused to resign his presidency. Importantly, this research came across with strong indicators that the Greek junta tried to utilize religion in trying to oust the Cypriot ethnarch as the three bishops, immediately after the junta’s failure to oust Makarios in 1972, asked him to resign his presidency. While his rivals failed to oust Makarios, at least until 1974, he called for an international synod and defrocked the three bishops. He managed to retain both posts until the end of his life.

The purpose of the present study was to address the extent to which narrative intervention improved late talkers’ ability to generate personal narratives and the extent to which the effect of narrative intervention was maintained after three weeks of no intervention. Three late-talking preschool children participated in this narrative intervention program. To examine the effect of personal narrative (PN) intervention on personal narrative generation, we implemented a multiple-probe design by using grid analysis. The effects on personal narration were assessed in different phases: baseline, probes, intervention, and maintenance and generalization. The participants demonstrated the ability to generate a personal narrative, which has the power to link oral language skills to literacy since it requires the participant to plan and produce contextualized and cohesive discourse.

Bu araştırmanın problem cümlesi “Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin Türkçe dil etkinliklerine ilişkin görüşleri nedir?” biçiminde oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmada nicel araştırma ve genel tarama modeli temel alınmış, veri toplama aracı olarak ise araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan anket kullanılmıştır. Kuzey Kıbrıs’ın Lefkoşa ilçesi evren olarak belirlenmiş ve uygun örnekleme temel alınarak 9 okuldaki toplam 96 okul öncesi öğretmene ulaşılmıştır. Verileri çözümlemek için frekans, yüzdelik, aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma gibi betimsel istatistiklerden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları şöyle özetlenebilir: Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin; çocukların en çok konuşma becerisini geliştirdikleri, günde ortalama 16-30 dakika Türkçe dil etkinliğine ayırdıkları, etkinlikleri planlarken kaynak olarak kendilerini gösterdikleri, dil etkinliklerini en çok kitap köşesinde gerçekleştirdikleri, konu olarak “okulum”u seçtikleri, düz-anlatım yöntemini kullandıkları, en sık kullandıkları aracın kitap olduğu, tekerlemeleri sıklıkla kullandıkları ve değerlendirme tekniği olarak gözlemi tercih ettikleri görülmüştür. Bunlara ek olarak araştırmaya katılan öğretmenlerin neredeyse yarısının Türkçe dil etkinliği özelinde bir hizmet içi kursa katılmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In this study, the aim was to compare postoperative analgesia effects of the administration of ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block and intra-articular bupivacaine carried out with bupivacaine. METHODS: In the first group of patients 20 mL 0.25% bupivacaine and ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block (ISPB) were applied, while 20 mL 0.25% bupivacaine was given via intra-articular (IA) administration to the second group patients after surgery. Patients in the third group were considered the control group and no block was performed. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine was used in all three groups for postoperative analgesia. RESULTS: In the ISPB group, morphine consumption in the periods between 0-4, 6-12 and 12-24 postoperative hours and total consumption within 24 h was lower than in the other two groups. Morphine consumption in the IA group was lower than in the control group in the period from 0 to 6 h and the same was true for total morphine consumption in 24 h. Postoperative VASr scores in the ISPB group were lower than both of the other groups in the first 2 h and lower than the control group in the 4th and 6th hours (p < 0.05). In the IA group, VASr and VASm scores in the 2nd, 4th and 6th hours were lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Interscalene brachial plexus block was found to be more effective than intra-articular local anesthetic injection for postoperative analgesia.

There is a growing need to provide curricula that meets the changing needs of students in higher education. To train pre-service teachers according to the demands of the new educational contexts, the move from teacher-centered curricula to learning-centered curricula is a must. The aim of this research is to examine the currently used curriculum of EGIT 450 Student Centered Education (SCE) course to highlight suggestions for a better design and implementation of the SCE approach. A qualitative paradigm was used with an interpretive methodology. The participants of the study were the 37 third year undergraduate students enrolled in the course at one of the tertiary institutions in North Cyprus. Qualitative data were collected through end-of-the-semester reflective essays and analyzed through content analysis method. The findings revealed that SCE methodology helped improve student teachers' cognitive skills via holding an active role and their affective skills through group work activities emphasizing its effect on permanent learning and learning how to learn. Participants also pointed out the difficulty and complexity of the roles expected from the teacher and learners individually and cooperatively. The inefficiency of some of the teaching-learning activities, physical characteristics of the classroom setting and duration of the allocated time for the activities were among the weak aspects of the course.

In this research, an effort is made to compare the effectiveness of reading texts presented through electronic books in a computer environment and regular (printed) texts, in terms of the development of the reading comprehension and vocabulary acquisition skills of students with special needs within inclusive educational environments. The research was designed with ‘Adaptive Alternating Applications’, and the study group of the research was formed by using the ‘purposive sampling’ method. As a requirement of the research design used, two special needs students were studied. According to the results of the study, the vocabulary acquisition levels of both students produced more effective results in presentations made with electronic texts, and in addition, electronic texts were found to be more effective in improving reading comprehension skills than printed texts.

This study seeks answers to the questions regarding the types of human nature that primary school teachers possess from the perspective of primary school administrators and what their approaches are toward teachers with different types of human nature. The study is prepared using a case study model with the qualitative method. “Scenario analysis” is used to obtain data, and eight different scenarios prepared within this context were presented to school administrators. In total, 25 administrators during the 2017–2018 scholar year were selected based on purposive sampling and were contacted accordingly. In terms of the conclusions of the study, it can be seen that school administrators defined self-actualizing teachers with social human nature using positive adjectives, while they had different opinions in regard to defining teachers with a rational-economic human nature, and they defined teachers with a complex human nature with negative adjectives. In terms of the findings related to the attitudes of administrators toward different human natures, it was found that there are some administrators who display positive administrative behaviors (appreciating, rewarding, respecting, motivating etc.) as well as administrators who display negative administrative behaviors (punishing, being indifferent to incidents, imposing by using legal powers, etc.).