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Frailty is a vulnerable susceptibility to stressors during aging. Assessment of frailty could help make appropriate management plans and early interventions. Geriatric 8 (G8) is a screening tool designed to identify those at risk for frailty who need a more detailed assessment, while Geriatric Assessment in Hematology (GAH) is a multidimensional assessment similar to the comprehensive assessment designed specifically for patients with hematological malignancies.

Abstract Background Marine sponges and other marine invertebrates are considered hidden treasures for a variety of secondary metabolites with pharmacognostic and pharmacological activities which have the potential to create future “super drugs.” The main body of the abstract Dysidea species is one of the most widely distributed sponge species in the world which is found mainly near the shores of the Red Sea, Australia, Yap State, and the Philippines. Dysidea species are considered a source of bioactive natural metabolites that exhibit outstanding chemical diversity. They revealed polybrominated diphenyl ethers, sesquiterpene hydroquinones, furano-sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, chlorinated diketopiperazines, and Amino acids. They showed a broad spectrum of potent biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, potent cytostatic, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. Conclusion This review presents an overview of the isolated secondary metabolites from Dysidea species, and their recorded biological activities covering the published reports in the last 30 years.

Abstract Background Keratoconus (KC) is easily recognized by its unique topographic pattern, but it can be difficult to distinguish subclinical form of the disease from the normal cornea. Optovue anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) helps diagnose KC. Aim of the work To assess and the level of agreement of Keratometry-readings (K), Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) and Thinnest Corneal Thickness (TCT) measurements obtained by Optovue AS-OCT and Wavelight Oculyzer Pentacam HR in two groups: KC eyes and normal eyes. Patients and methods This is a prospective clinical observational study. The study included 110 eyes divided into two groups. The study group included 62 eyes with topographic evidence of KC. The control group included 48 eyes of normal subjects with no topographic evidence of KC. All of the participants underwent full cycloplegic refraction, spectacle best-corrected distance visual acuity, comprehensive slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fundoscopy. All participants underwent corneal topography by Pentacam HR and AS-OCT. Results There were highly significant differences between the studied groups as regarding BCVA, intraocular pressure and CCT measurements which were found to be lower among KC group compared to the control one. There were highly significant differences between the studied groups regarding TCT measurement detected by Pentacam HR and AS-OCT which was found to be lower among the keratoconus group compared to the control one (470.9, 455.7 versus 541.9 and 518.7 respectively). Conclusion Both Scheimpflug-based imaging and AS-OCT provide comparable readings with a good agreement regarding corneal pachymetry in keratoconus group with accurate identification of KC eyes and healthy ones. However, there was a significant difference in K readings between both devices in Keratoconus and control group.

Background: The femur normally has a degree of bowing that could influence the performance and outcome of some surgical procedures like intra-medullary nailing and hip replacement. This article aimed at evaluating the anterior femoral bowing angle in the Arab population, determining if age and sex are potential influencing factors, and reviewing the literature for identifying possible risk factors. Methods: Measuring the anterior bowing of 116 Arab femora was done using lateral radiographs. The relationship between age and femoral bowing was done using the Pearson correlation coefficient, while an independent t-test was used to compare the bowing angles in males and females. A literature review was done to identify similar studies using PubMed and the references included in the identified papers. Results: From the 116 femora, of which 37 (32%) belonged to male individuals and 79 (68%) to females, the mean femoral bowing angle was 8.13° with a standard deviation of 1.87°. Weak positive correlation was found between age and the bowing angle (r = 0.09, 95%CI [-0.09 to 0.27], p-value = 0.312). However, the angle of femoral bowing was greater in males than females by a mean of 0.76° (95%CI [0.04 to 1.49], p-value = 0.04) when compared using the independent t-test. Conclusion: It appears that anterior femoral bowing is more pronounced in the Arab population, compared to other ethnicities. We encourage more research to define the possible outcomes in patients with severe femoral deformity and to assess the use of computer-assisted surgery in these cases.

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the fundus changes in thalassemic patients in Giza and Fayoum Governorates. Patients and methods Thirty thalassemic patients recruited from the Pediatric Hematology Clinic in Fayoum University Hospital, Misr University Hospital, and NILES Pediatric Clinic were included in the present study. All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination and laboratory investigations. Results The mean age was 10.7±5.9 (6–36) years. There were 20 male patients (66.7%), with a mean duration of disease of 7.1±7.1 years (3 months to 36 years). Patients were classified on the basis of hemoglobin (Hb) level into two groups: 7 g/dl or less (thalassemia major) and greater than 7 g/dl (thalassemia intermediate and thalassemia minor). There was a significant correlation between cup/disc (C/D) ratio and Hb level (P

AIM: To determine the effect of different types of hormonal contraceptives on lacrimal gland function and tear film.METHODS: Prospective randomized study was carried out in Faculty of medicine, Beni Suef University and Fayoum University. Sixty patients were divided into 6 groups(each group contain 10 patients): 1)combined oral pills; 2)combined monthly injection; 3)Depo-Provera injection; 4)progesterone only pills; 5)sub dermal Implanon; 6)control. All cases underwent full gynecological and ophthalmological examinations including Schirmer test and tear film break-up time(BUT)and followed up for at least 3mo.RESULTS: The mean age of all the patients was 31.03±6.97y. There was no statistical significance between the groups in relation to age, parity and gravidity. The combined pills showed the highest percentage for dry eye followed by Mesocept then Depo-Provera then progesterone only pills then Implanon and no dry eyes in the control group.CONCLUSION: Contraceptive methods containing both estrogen and progesterone are more likely to have dry eye than those who used progesterone only contraceptive methods.

Introduction In adults, large optic disc cups are often a sign of glaucoma. Children, however, show a lower prevalence of glaucoma than adults, but may present with optic disc cupping of nonglaucomatous origin. Aim of the work The purpose of this study is to evaluate with large cupping in children having anemia. Patients and methods This is a prospective analysis of patients attending the ophthalmology outpatient clinic in Beni Suef, Fayoum, and Misr universities. All patients were subjected to standard ophthalmological examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus photography, complete blood count (CBC), and stool analysis to diagnose the cause of anemia. Results In this study examination cupping of greater than 0.4 was detected in 236 patients out of 3361 patients examined within the same age. The mean age of the selected patients (236 patients) was 11.48 ± 3.2 ranging from 6 to 18 years of which 137 (58.05%) were girls and 99 (41.95%) boys. The mean best corrected visual acuity converted to logMAR is 0.093 ± 0.109 ranging from 0.301 (6/12) in 53 eyes to 0 (6/6) in 260, whereas the rest best-corrected visual acuity 0.176 (6/9). The mean intraocular pressure was 11.75 ± 1.539.The mean cup disc ratio was 0.498 ± 0.0934 (0.497 ± 0.095 for females and 0.501 ± 0.090 for males). The majority of patients (females more than males) had C/D ratio similarity between both eyes, whereas very few had 0.2 differences (males more than females). The mean Hb concentration was 10.79 ± 0.89 g/dl in females and 11.04 ± 1.09 g/dl in males. It was as low as 7.2 in males and 7.8 in females. The stool analysis for the patients showed that 126 patients (74 females, 52 males) were infected with Entamoeba histolytica, whereas 31 patients (22 females, nine males) were infected with Giardia lamblia and 79 patients did not have parasitic manifestations. Conclusion In conclusion to our work we found that functional optic nerve damage is a possibility in children with anemia and cupping and with normal intraocular pressure and that there is very high incidence of parasitic infestation in those children and young adolescents that warns for state intervention to deal with this problem. A larger scanning by the ministry of health may be needed to verify these results.

Corneal blindness affects over 10 million patients worldwide. Due to the limited supply of donor corneas and frequent graft failure, bioengineered alternatives are crucial. To overcome drawbacks associated with corneal substitutes from synthetic biomaterials, fabrication from plant‐derived biomaterials is a potential alternative. Herein, soy protein and glutenin in combination with different crosslinkers were evaluated for fabrication of corneal substitutes. Optical, mechanical, and biochemical properties of fabricated constructs and control rabbit corneas were evaluated in vitro. Soy protein crosslinked with peroxidase/H202 possessed transparency and mechanical properties comparable to controls, although their water content and biocompatibility were inferior. In contrast, soy protein crosslinked with tannic acid showed similar water content, tensile strength, and biocompatibility as rabbit corneas; however, these constructs displayed significantly lower transparency and higher strain to failure. Finally, glutenin cross‐linked using formaldehyde showed excellent transparency, strain to failure, and biocompatibility, however; they exhibited significantly lower water content and tensile strength than controls. This study is the first to establish CIELAB color values for the rabbit cornea, allowing quantitative optical evaluation of tissue‐engineered substitutes. Thus, a crosslinking strategy utilizing plant‐derived proteins for fabrication of constructs with properties comparable to rabbit corneas is a promising direction for development of tissue‐engineered corneal substitutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil flow in a circular piping usually requires excessive modeling with detailed correlations to describe the oil flow behavior. The ineffective pour point depressants and the inefficient heat tracing makes oil flow simulation an essential task. Due to the varying of oil characteristics, a robust modeling approach is necessary to guarantee the integrity of the oil flow in the piping system and to avoid additional costs. In this work, a proposed approach coordinates the modeling tools (e.g. Aspen HYSYS®, COMSOL Multiphysics®) to simulate the oil flow in a circular pipe satisfactorily. The oil properties have been extracted from Aspen HYSYS® and used in COMSOL Multiphysics® to describe the varying in oil flow characteristics. Numerous computational trials have been conducted to estimate the oil temperature profiles in the axial and radial directions to ensure the oil flow above the pour point. Moreover, the numerical results were computed to estimate the oil temperature profiles for constant and temperature-dependent oil properties. Finally, an analytical approach was established using dimensional analysis to compare with COMSOL numerical results at constant oil properties. Both results showed a consistent trend match. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]