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1. Non-Linear Analysis of Hybrid Reinforced T-Beam with Partial Substitution Recycled Rubberized Concrete

Author: Ahmed Sulaiman Nayef, Almutairi Ahmad L., and Domat Wassim B.
Subjects: cfrp bars, t-beams, crumb rubber, finite element method, hybrid beams, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract: At present, the need to make use of industrial waste materials is increasing due to their harmful effects on the environment. In the present work, the behavior of hybrid reinforced T-Beam by steel, and CFRP with rubber is studied. The finite element modeling by using ANSYS version 15 program. It contains also all the required steps needed to create the concrete models that were prepared to study the behavior of beams with rubber concrete. The reinforcement of beams was various combinations of polymer CFRP and steel bars. The crumb rubberized concrete mixes were prepared by partial substitution (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 17.5 %, 20 %, 22.5 %, and 25 % replacements by volume). Due to the large number of parameters affecting the behavior of Hybrid Reinforced T- Beam with rubber concrete, an extensive parametric study was performed using ANSYS version 15 program. Three parameters were investigated namely: Bottom RFT, compressive strength of concrete, and the existence of opening. The analytical results agree well with the experimental results in terms of mode of failure and the failure load values. The results indicated that although the flexural capacity of the tested specimen decreased with the addition of Crumb Rubber and reduced its self-weight. The failure load of the beam increases with bottom reinforcement by the GFRP bar or CFRP bar. Also, reinforced beams by CFRP bars had a higher failure load than reinforced beams by GFRP bars. Having an opening in hybrid reinforced T-Beam with rubber concrete reduced the beam load capacity and maximum deflection. Also, using GFRP bars, and CFRP bars in the vicinity of openings in hybrid reinforced T-Beams increased the load capacity of these beams.
Published: 2024
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2. Effect of seed husk waste powder on the PLA medical thread properties fabricated via 3D printer

Author: Ahmed Sura S., Abdul-Hamead Alaa A., Flaieh Enass H., and Abdulhameed Sarah A.
Subjects: polylactic acid, 3d printing, medical threads, coffee, chestnut, pistachio, walnut, coated by grafting, Mechanics of engineering. Applied mechanics, TA349-359
Published: 2024
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3. Utilization of spices and herbs in ruminant and non-ruminant diet and its effects on meat quality

Author: MN Uddin, SA Toma, MN Hossain, Islam O, Khatun S, Begum M, Ahmed SU and Akanda MR
Subjects: food and beverages, complex mixtures, Ruminant, Non Ruminant, Herbs, Spices, Meat quality
Abstract: The purpose of this review is to provide detailed information about the use of herbs and spices in ruminant and non-ruminant animal and its effect on meat quality. Herbs are dried leaves of any aromatic plants used to impart flavor and odour of food and spices are dried parts of any aromatic plants without leaves. Herbs and spices produced different natural and non-antibiotic phytogenic feed additives. Most usual and repeatedly used herbs and spices for phytogenic feed additives in swine, cattle and poultry production are garlic, chili, cayenne, pepper, peppermint, cinnamon, horseradish thyme, anise, rosemary sage, and oregano. Numerous useful properties of herbs and spices compounds derive from their bioactive molecules are piperine, linalool, carvacrol, capsaicin, cineole, allicin, thymol, allyl isothiocyanate and anethole. Herbs and spices have antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiviral, antifungal, insecticidal and antitoxigenic properties. The prospective benefits of using herbs and spices in ruminant and non-ruminant nutrition are stimulate nutrient digestion and absorption, improved health status declined incidence of diseases, increased feed intake and average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio, increased carcass yield, improved meat quality and shelf life of meat. The aim of the review is to summarize on the current knowledge on the use of herbs and spices as a feed additive in ruminant and non-ruminant animals.
Published: 2021
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4. Survival analysis of Sudanese oral squamous cell carcinoma patients with field of cancerization

Author: Yousif Eltohami and Ahmed Suleiman
Subjects: Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Wide field of cancerization, Recurrence, Second primary tumour, Survival rates, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Abstract Background The late presentation and diagnosis of OSCC account for the large number of patients with the advanced form of the disease. In Sudan, cases with delayed presentation, particularly those with risk factors such as Toombak dipping and alcohol consumption, frequently present with extensive lesions and a wide area of Field cancerization which characterized by the presence of genetic and epigenetic changes in histologically normal-appearing tissues, and have increased risk for recurrent and second primary tumors. This necessitates more aggressive treatment and is usually associated with poorer outcomes. The present study aims to investigate the survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients with a wide field of cancerization. Methods This prospective longitudinal study includes ninety-three oral cancer patients with extensive fields of cancerization who underwent surgical treatment at Khartoum Teaching Dental Hospital (KTDH) conducted from 2019 to 2023. These patients were regularly assessed for clinical changes such as recurrence, the development of second primary tumours, and overall survival over a period of one year. Results Out of the 93 patients, 57 (61.3%) were males, and 36 (38.7%) were females. The majority of the patients (82%) had stage IV tumours, and 62.3% had nodal metastasis. Twenty-eight (30%) patients developed recurrences, and 14 (15%) developed second primary tumours. The overall one-year survival rate was 89%, and all deceased patients passed away within 12 months. The survival rate for patients with different types of recurrences varied, with patients who had regional, local, and locoregional recurrences having survival rates of 87%, 74%, and 72%, respectively. Patients who did not experience a recurrence had a one-year survival rate of 92%. Patients who developed second primary tumours had an 86% survival rate. The survival rates for OSCC patients at stages III, IVa, and IVb were 90%, 90%, and 71%, respectively. Conclusion In this study, 62% of patients had nodal metastasis, 30% developed recurrence, and 15% developed second primary tumours. The overall one-year survival rate was 89%, although the development of recurrences and second primary tumours had a negative impact on the survival rate.
Published: 2024
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5. Frequency control by BESS for smooth Island transition of a hydro‐powered microgrid

Author: Ahmed Sunjaq, Peiyuan Chen, Massimo Bongiorno, Ritwik Majumder, and Jan R. Svensson
Subjects: battery storage plants, distribution networks, frequency control, power system stability, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract: Abstract This paper develops a frequency control strategy for a battery energy storage system to facilitate the smooth island transition of a hydro‐powered microgrid during unplanned grid outages. The proposed frequency control strategy uses a PI‐based droop controller, where the tuning of the controller accounts for the limitations in the power response of a hydro generator and the required frequency quality of the microgrid. The effectiveness of the frequency control strategy is verified in Simulink using phasor simulations, and it is further validated in laboratory tests. The results demonstrate that the proposed PI‐based droop and its tuning strategy fulfill the desired frequency quality requirement of the hydro‐powered microgrid without over‐dimensioning the size of the storage capacity as compared to the traditional proportional droop controller.
Published: 2024
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6. Abstracts of original contributions ASNC 2004 9th annual scientific session September 3-–October 3, 2004 New York, New York

Author: Abidov, A, Hachamovitch, R, Friedman, JD, Hayes, SW, Kang, X, Cohen, I, Germano, G, Berman, DS, Kjaer, A, Cortsen, A, Federspiel, M, Hesse, B, Holm, S, O’Connor, M, Dhalla, AK, Wong, M-Y, Wang, W-Q, Belardinelli, L, Therapeutics, CV, Epps, A, Dave, S, Brewer, K, Chiaramida, S, Gordon, L, Hendrix, GH, Feng, B, Pretorius, PH, Bruyant, PP, Boening, G, Beach, RD, Gifford, HC, King, MA, Fessler, JA, Hsu, B-L, Case, JA, Gegen, LL, Hertenstein, GK, Cullom, SJ, Bateman, TM, Akincioglu, C, Abidov, A, Nishina, H, Kavanagh, P, Kang, X, Aboul-Enein, F, Yang, L, Hayes, S, Friedman, J, Berman, D, Germano, G, Santana, CA, Rivero, A, Folks, RD, Grossman, GB, Cooke, CD, Hunsche, A, Faber, TL, Halkar, R, Garcia, EV, Hansen, CL, Silver, S, Kaplan, A, Rasalingam, R, Awar, M, Shirato, S, Reist, K, Htay, T, Mehta, D, Cho, J-H, Heo, J, Dubovsky, E, Calnon, DA, Grewal, KS, George, PB, Richards, DR, Hsi, DH, Singh, N, Meszaros, Z, Thomas, JL, Reyes, E, Loong, CY, Latus, K, Anagnostopoulos, C, Underwood, SR, Kostacos, EJ, Araujo, LI, Kostacos, EJ, Araujo, LI, Lewin, HC, Hyun, MC, DePuey, EG, Tanaka, H, Chikamori, T, Igarashi, Y, Harafuji, K, Usui, Y, Yanagisawa, H, Hida, S, Yamashina, A, Nasr, HA, Mahmoud, SA, Dalipaj, MM, Golanowski, LN, Kemp, RA de, Chow, BJ, Beanlands, RS, Ruddy, TD, Michelena, HI, Mikolich, BM, McNelis, P, Decker, WA Van, Stathopoulos, I, Duncan, S- A, Isasi, C, Travin, MI, Kritzman, JN, Ficaro, EP, Corbett, JR, Allison, JS, Weinsaft, JW, Wong, FJ, Szulc, M, Okin, PM, Kligfield, P, Harafuji, K, Chikamori, T, Igarashi, Y, Tanaka, H, Usui, Y, Yanagisawa, H, Hida, S, Ishimaru, S, Yamashima, A, Giedd, KN, Bergmann, SR, Shah, S, Emmett, L, Allman, KC, Magee, M, Van Gaal, W, Kritharides, L, Freedman, B, Abidov, A, Gerlach, J, Akincioglu, C, Friedman, J, Kavanagh, P, Miranda, R, Germano, G, Berman, DS, Hayes, SW, Damera, N, Lone, B, Singh, R, Shah, A, Yeturi, S, Prasad, Y, Blum, S, Heller, EN, Bhalodkar, NC, Koutelou, M, Kollaros, N, Theodorakos, A, Manginas, A, Leontiadis, E, Kouzoumi, A, Cokkinos, D, Mazzanti, M, Marini, M, Cianci, G, Perna, GP, Pai, M, Greenberg, MD, Liu, F, Frankenberger, O, Kokkinos, P, Hanumara, D, Goheen, E, Wu, C, Panagiotakos, D, Fletcher, R, Greenberg, MD, Liu, F, Frankenberger, O, Kokkinos, P, Hanumara, D, Goheen, E, Rodriguez, OJ, Iyer, VN, Lue, M, Hickey, KT, Blood, DK, Bergmann, SR, Bokhari, S, Chareonthaitawee, P, Christensen, SD, Allen, JL, Kemp, BJ, Hodge, DO, Ritman, EL, Gibbons, RJ, Smanio, P, Riva, G, Rodriquez, F, Tricoti, A, Nakhlawi, A, Thom, A, Pretorius, PH, King, MA, Dahlberg, S, Leppo, J, Slomka, PJ, Nishina, H, Berman, DS, Akincioglu, C, Abidov, A, Friedman, JD, Hayes, SW, Germano, G, Petrovici, R, Husain, M, Lee, DS, Nanthakumar, K, Iwanochko, RM, Brunken, RC, DiFilippo, F, Neumann, DR, Bybel, B, Herrington, B, Bruckbauer, T, Howe, C, Lohmann, K, Hayden, C, Chatterjee, C, Lathrop, B, Brunken, RC, Chen, MS, Lohmann, KA, Howe, WC, Bruckbauer, T, Kaczur, T, Bybel, B, DiFilippo, FP, Druz, RS, Akinboboye, OA, Grimson, R, Nichols, KJ, Reichek, N, Ngai, K, Dim, R, Ho, K- T, Pary, S, Ahmed, SU, Ahlberg, A, Cyr, G, Vitols, PJ, Mann, A, Alexander, L, Rosenblatt, J, Mieres, J, Heller, GV, Ahmed, SU, Ahlberg, AW, Cyr, G, Navare, S, O’Sullivan, D, Heller, GV, Chiadika, S, Lue, M, Blood, DK, Bergmann, SR, Bokhari, S, Heston, TF, Heller, GV, Cerqueira, MD, Jones, PG, Bryngelson, JR, Moutray, KL, Gegen, LL, Hertenstein, GK, Moser, K, Case, JA, Zellweger, MJ, Burger, PC, Pfisterer, ME, Mueller-Brand, J, Kang, WJ, Lee, BI, Lee, DS, Paeng, JC, Lee, JS, Chung, J-K, Lee, MC, To, BN, O’Connell, WJ, Botvinick, EH, Duvall, WL, Croft, LB, Einstein, AJ, Fisher, JE, Haynes, PS, Rose, RK, Henzlova, MJ, Prasad, Y, Vashist, A, Blum, S, Sagar, P, Heller, EN, Kuwabara, Y, Nakayama, K, Tsuru, Y, Nakaya, J, Shindo, S, Hasegawa, M, Komuro, I, Liu, Y-H, Wackers, F, Natale, D, DePuey, G, Taillefer, R, Araujo, L, Kostacos, E, Allen, S, Delbeke, D, Anstett, F, Kansal, P, Calvin, JE, Hendel, RC, Gulati, M, Pratap, P, Takalkar, A, Kostacos, E, Alavi, A, Araujo, L, Melduni, RM, Duncan, S-A, Travin, MI, Isasi CR, Rivero, A, Santana, C, Esiashvili, S, Grossman, G, Halkar, R, Folks, RD, Garcia, EV, Su, H, Dobrucki, LW, Chow, C, Hu, X, Bourke, BN, Cavaliere, P, Hua, J, Sinusas, AJ, Spinale, FG, Sweterlitsch, S, Azure, M, Edwards, DS, Sudhakar, S, Chyun, DA, Young, LH, Inzucchi, SE, Davey, JA, Wackers, FJ, Noble, GL, Navare, SM, Calvert, J, Hussain, SA, Ahlberg, AM, Katten, DM, Boden, WE, Heller, GV, Shaw, LJ, Yang, Y, Antunes, A, Botelho, MF, Gomes, C, de Lima, JJP, Silva, ML, Moreira, JN, Simões, S, GonÇalves, L, Providência, LA, Elhendy, A, Bax, JJ, Schinkel, AF, Valkema, R, van Domburg, RT, Poldermans, D, Arrighi, J, Lampert, R, Burg, M, Soufer, R, Veress, AI, Weiss, JA, Huesman, RH, Gullberg, GT, Moser, K, Case, JA, Loong, CY, Prvulovich, EM, Reyes, E, Aswegen, A van, Anagnostopoulos, C, Underwood, SR, Htay, T, Mehta, D, Sun, L, Lacy, J, Heo, J, Brunken, RC, Kaczur, T, Jaber, W, Ramakrishna, G, Miller, TD, O’connor, MK, Gibbons, RJ, Bural, GG, Mavi, A, Kumar, R, El-Haddad, G, Srinivas, SM, A Alavi, El-Haddad, G, Alavi, A, Araujo, L, Thomas, GS, Johnson, CM, Miyamoto, MI, Thomas, JJ, Majmundar, H, Ryals, LA, Ip, ZTK, Shaw, LJ, Bishop, HA, Carmody, JP, Greathouse, WG, Yanagisawa, H, Chikamori, T, Tanaka, H, Usui, Y, Igarashi, U, Hida, S, Morishima, T, Tanaka, N, Takazawa, K, Yamashina, A, Diedrichs, H, Weber, M, Koulousakis, A, Voth, E, Schwinger, RHG, Mohan, HK, Livieratos, L, Gallagher, S, Bailey, DL, Chambers, J, Fogelman, I, Sobol, I, Barst, RJ, Nichols, K, Widlitz, A, Horn, E, Bergmann, SR, Chen, J, Galt, JR, Durbin, MK, Ye, J, Shao, L, Garcia, EV, Mahenthiran, J, Elliott, JC, Jacob, S, Stricker, S, Kalaria, VG, Sawada, S, Scott, JA, Aziz, K, Yasuda, T, Gewirtz, H, Hsu, BL, Moutray, K, Udelson, JE, Barrett, RJ, Johnson, JR, Menenghetti, C., Taillefer, R, Ruddy, T, Hachamovitch, R, Jenkins, SA, Massaro, J, Haught, H, Lim, CS, Underwood, R, Rosman, J, Hanon, S, Shapiro, M, Schweitzer, P, VanTosh, A, Jones, S, Harafuji, K, Giedd, K N, Johnson, N P, Berliner, J I, Sciacca, R R, Chou, R L, Hickey, K T, Bokhari, S S, Rodriguez, O, Bokhari, S, Moser, KW, Moutray, KL, Koutelou, M, Theodorakos, A, Kollaros, N, Manginas, A, Leontiadis, E, Cokkinos, D, Mazzanti, M, Marini, M, Cianci, G, Perna, GP, Nanasato, M, Fujita, H, Toba, M, Nishimura, T, Nikpour, M, Urowitz, M, Gladman, D, Ibanez, D, Harvey, P, Floras, J, Rouleau, J, Iwanochko, R, Pai, M, Guglin, ME, Ginsberg, FL, Reinig, M, Parrillo, JE, Cha, R, Merhige, ME, Watson, GM, Oliverio, JG, Shelton, V, Frank, SN, Perna, AF, Ferreira, MJ, Ferrer-Antunes, AI, Rodrigues, V, Santos, F, Lima, J, Cerqueira, MD, Magram, MY, Lodge, MA, Babich, JW, Dilsizian, V, Line, BR, Bhalodkar, NC, Lone, B, Singh, R, Prasad, Y, Yeturi, S, Blum, S, Heller, EN, Rodriguez, OJ, Skerrett, D, Charles, C, Shuster, MD, Itescu, S, Wang, TS, Bruyant, PP, Pretorius, PH, Dahlberg, S, King, MA, Petrovici, R, Iwanochko, RM, Lee, DS, Emmett, L, Husain, M, Hosokawa, R, Ohba, M, Kambara, N, Tadamura, E, Kubo, S, Nohara, R, Kita, T, Thompson, RC, McGhie, AI, O’Keefe, JH, Christenson, SD, Chareonthaitawee, P, Kemp, BJ, Jerome, S, Russell, TJ, Lowry, DR, Coombs, VJ, Moses, A, Gottlieb, SO, Heiba, SI, Yee, G, Coppola, J, Elmquist, T, Braff, R, Youssef, I, Ambrose, JA, Abdel-Dayem, HM, Canto, J, Dubovsky, E, Scott, J, Terndrup, TE, Faber, TL, Folks, RD, Dim, UR, Mclaughlin, J, Pollepalle, D, Schapiro, W, Wang, Y, Akinboboye, O, Ngai, K, Druz, RS, Polepalle, D, Phippen-Nater, B, Leonardis, J, and Druz, R
Published: 2004
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7. Diagnostic dilemma in disseminated TB could be fatal: lesson learned through a bitter encounter

Author: Ahmed Suparno Bahar Moni, Tiffany Ann Johnson, Cade Ray McGarvey, Razia Sultana Ivy, Tasmia Jahan Yean, and Muhamad Zabidi Ahmad
Subjects: Cystic swelling, Disseminated tuberculosis, Sarcoma, Metastatic tumor, Internal medicine, RC31-1245
Abstract: Abstract A definitive diagnosis of soft tissue cystic swelling is challenging, as clinical and imaging findings might misguide the clinician and delay timely diagnosis and treatment as well as outcome. The radiological features of tubercular cysts often overlap with that of sarcoma or metastatic cancer. Involvement of a multidisciplinary team, tissue biopsy, and histopathology should supplement standard diagnostic testing and imaging to confirm the diagnosis and avoid delay in treatment. We report a case of multiple cystic swelling of the upper limb, ankle, and pelvis mimicking metastatic ovarian cancer which was later diagnosed as a case of disseminated tuberculosis.
Published: 2023
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8. Rapid, Detergent-Free Method for Creation of Acellular Nerve Allografts

Author: Garrison Leach, MD, Jason Llaneras, MD, Ahmed Suliman, MD, and Sameer Shah, PhD
Subjects: Surgery, RD1-811
Published: 2024
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9. A Comprehensive Review of Hepatitis B Vaccine Nonresponse and Associated Risk Factors

Author: Albashir Tahir, Sa’adatu Haruna Shinkafi, Ahmed Subeh Alshrari, Abdulmajeed Yunusa, Muhammad Tukur Umar, Shuaibu Abdullahi Hudu, and Abdulgafar Olayiwola Jimoh
Subjects: hepatitis B, hepatitis B vaccine, vaccine nonresponse, nonresponders, risk factors, Medicine
Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant global health concern worldwide, contributing to high rates of mortality and morbidity, including chronic hepatitis B, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Universal vaccination programs have significantly reduced the rate of HBV transmission; however, a subset of individuals fail to develop a protective immune response following vaccination and are termed nonresponders. A comprehensive search strategy using the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases was employed to search for relevant studies using keywords including “hepatitis B vaccine”, “vaccine nonresponse”, “immunogenicity”, “immune response to the hepatitis B vaccine”, and “associated risk factors”. Factors influencing the vaccine’s response include demographic factors, such as age and sex, with increased nonresponse rates being observed in older adults and males. Obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption are lifestyle factors that decrease the vaccine response. Medical conditions, including diabetes, chronic kidney and liver diseases, HIV, celiac disease, and inflammatory bowel disease, affect the vaccine response. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes and genetic polymorphisms linked to immune regulation are genetic factors that further influence the vaccine’s effectiveness. To reduce the global burden of hepatitis B infection, it is essential to understand these factors to improve vaccine effectiveness and develop individualized vaccination strategies.
Published: 2024
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10. Retracted: Non-Linear Analysis of Hybrid Reinforced T- Beam with Partial Substitution Recycled Rubberized Concrete

Author: Ahmed Sulaiman Nayef, Almutairi Ahmad L., and Domat Wassim B.
Subjects: gfrp bars, t-beams, rubberized recycled concrete (rrc), finite element method, non-linear analysis, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract: At present, the need to make use of industrial waste materials is increasing due to their harmful effects on the environment. In the present work, the behavior of hybrid reinforced T-Beam with partial substitution recycled rubberized concrete is studied. The finite element modeling by using ANSYS version 15 program. It contains also all the required steps needed to create the concrete models that were prepared to study the behavior of beams with partial substitution recycled rubberized concrete (RRC). The reinforcement of beams was various combinations of polymer GFRP and steel bars. The Rubberized concrete mixes were prepared by partial substitution 7.5 %, 10 %, and 12.5 % replacements by volume. The ratio of GFRP to steel reinforcement at mid‐span section was the second parameter investigated. Due to the large number of parameters affecting the behavior of Hybrid Reinforced T- Beam with partial substitution Recycled Rubberized Concrete, an extensive parametric study was performed using ANSYS version 15 program. Three parameters were investigated namely; Bottom RFT, compressive strength of concrete, and the existence of opening. The analytical results agree well with the experimental results in terms of mode of failure and the failure load values. The results indicated that although the flexural capacity of the tested specimen decreased with the addition of Crumb Rubber and reduced its self-weight. The failure load of the beam with partial substitution recycled rubberized concrete increases with bottom reinforcement by the GFRP bar or CFRP bar. Also, reinforced beams by CFRP bars had a higher failure load than reinforced beams by GFRP bars. Having an opening in hybrid reinforced T-Beam with partial substitution recycled rubberized concrete reduced the beam load capacity and maximum deflection. Also, using GFRP bars, and CFRP bars in the vicinity of openings in hybrid reinforced T-Beams increased the load capacity of these beams.
Published: 2023
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11. Frequency and Risk Factors of Surgical Site Infection among Sudanese Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Author: Mohamed Elfayeg, Ahmed Suleiman, and Yousif Eltohami
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Background. In Sudan, patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) presented lately in advanced stages. Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common complications of surgical treatment of OSCC which significantly affects the clinical outcomes. The present study aimed to assess the frequency and risk factors of postoperative surgical site infection among OSCC patients underwent surgery at Khartoum Teaching Dental Hospital (KTDH). Methods. This is a prospective, analytical, hospital-based study conducted at KTDH during the period from 2022 to 2023. Patients with OSCC were surgically treated and assessed carefully for the development of the SSI. Results. Sixty patients were enrolled in the present study. Twenty-nine (48.3%) patients were above 61 years, with the predominance of males with 42 (70%) patients. The most involved site of OSCC was the lower gingivolabial region in 35 (39.3%) patients. Forty-seven (78%) patients were in advanced stages III and IV. Forty-five (80%) patients had modified radical neck dissection. Blood transfusion was administered in 50 (83.3%) patients. Twenty-six (43.4%) patients developed SSI; 15 (57.7%) patients of them were Toombak dippers. Development of SSI was found to be significantly associated with the tumour site (P value 0.9), clinical stage (P value 0.6), the number of transfused blood units (P value 0.04), and the duration of hospital stay (P value 0.04). In contrast, use of sutures for wound closure was associated with a reduced risk of developing SSI (P value 0.005). Conclusion. Surgical site infection was found in 43.4% of the OSCC patients. It was associated with advanced clinical stage and tumour site. Minimizing the number of blood units transfused intraoperatively, we decrease the duration of hospital stay and the use of sutures for wound closure decreases the risk of SSI significantly.
Published: 2024
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12. A Longitudinal Metagenomic Comparative Analysis of Oral Microbiome Shifts in Patients Receiving Proton Radiation Versus Photon Radiation for Head and Neck Cancer

Author: Timothy Meiller, Claire Fraser, Silvia Grant-Beurmann, Mike Humphrys, Luke Tallon, Lisa Sadewicz, Mary Ann Jabra-Rizk, Areej Alfaifi, Anmar Kensara, Jason Molitoris, Matthew Witek, William Mendes, William Regine, Phuoc Tran, Robert Miller, and Ahmed Sultan
Subjects: Head and Neck Cancer, metagenome, oral microbiome, radiation therapy, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Introduction: Due to the radiation-sparing effects on salivary gland acini, changes in the composition of the oral microbiome may be a driver for improved outcomes in patients receiving proton radiation with potentially worse outcomes in patients exposed to photon radiation therapy. To date, a head-to-head comparison of oral microbiome changes at a metagenomic level with longitudinal sampling has yet to be performed in these patient cohorts. Methods and Materials: To comparatively analyze oral microbiome shifts during head and neck radiation therapy, a prospective pilot cohort study was performed at the Maryland Proton Treatment Center (MPTC) and the University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center. A longitudinal metagenomic comparative analysis of oral microbiome shifts was performed at three-time points (pre-radiation, during radiation, and immediately post-radiation). Head and neck cancer patients receiving proton radiation (n=4) were compared to photon radiation (n=4). Additional control groups included healthy age- and sex-matched controls (n=5), head and neck cancer patients who never received radiation therapy (n=8), and patients with oral inflammatory disease (n=3). Results: Photon therapy patients presented with a lower microbial alpha diversity at all timepoints and there was a trend towards reduced species richness as compared with proton therapy. Healthy controls and proton patients exhibited overall higher and similar diversity. A more dysbiotic state was observed in patients receiving photon therapy as compared to proton therapy in which oral microbial homeostasis was maintained. Mucositis was observed in 3/4 photon patients and was not observed in any proton patients during radiation therapy. Bacterial de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway and nitrate reduction V pathway were comparatively higher following photon exposure. These functional changes in bacterial metabolism may suggest that photon exposure produces a more permissive environment for proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. Conclusion: Oral microbiome dysbiosis in patients receiving photon radiation may be associated with increased mucositis occurrence. Proton radiation therapy for head and neck cancer demonstrates a safer side effect profile in terms of oral complications, oral microbiome dysbiosis, and functional metabolic status.
Published: 2023
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13. Spatial Vulnerability Assessment of Extreme Lightning Events in Bangladesh Using GIS

Author: Farukh, MA, primary, Ahmed, SU, primary, Islam, MA, primary, and Baten, MA, primary
Published: 2018
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14. Role of endovascular super selective intra-arterial injection of CA channel blocker agent (nimodipine) in management of cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal SAH: a single institution experience

Author: Ahmed Sultan, Karim Gaber, and Tamer Ibrahim Metwaly
Subjects: SAH, Vasospasm, Angioplasty, Ca channel blockers, Nimodipine, Surgery, RD1-811, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Abstract Background Vasospasm is a grave complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with a significant rate of morbidity and mortality. Endovascular intra-arterial injection of Ca channel blocker agent (Nimodipine) may offer a promising solution in refractory vasospasm. Results During the period between April 2017 and May 2019, 120 patients who presented with SAH due to a ruptured intracranial aneurysm were admitted to the neurosurgery department at Alexandria University Hospitals. Among them, 30 patients developed refractory vasospasm and were subjected to endovascular super selective intraarterial injection of nimodipine. The angiographic improvement was excellent in three (10%), good in 14 (46%) and poor in the remaining 13 procedures (43%). Clinical improvement was achieved in 15 cases while 15 cases showed no improvement on Modified Rankin Scale. No cases deteriorated following the injection. Conclusions Endovascular chemical angioplasty using a ca channel blocker agent (Nimodipine) is a safe and efficient method for the treatment of refractory post aneurysmal SAH vasospasm. The quest is still needed for developing a better efficient agent to overcome the vasospasm dilemma.
Published: 2023
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15. Phenotypic and molecular detection of carbapenemase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae

Author: Ibrahim Hussaini, Ahmed Suleiman, Olayeni Olonitola, and Rukayat Oyi
Subjects: phenotypic, carbapenemase, k. pneumoniae, e. coli, resistance molecular, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Background:Detection of carbapenemases properly and rapidly is vital in the fight against the emergence and spread of carbapenem resistant bacteria. This study was carried out to phenotypically and molecularly detect carbapenemase producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae ). Methods: A total of 123 isolates consisting 70isolates of E. coli and 53 isolates of K. pneumoniae were screened for carbapenem resistant isolates (CRIs). The CRIs were then screened phenotypically for carbapenemase production using the Modified Hodge Test (MHT), Carba NP test and modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (mCIM). The CRIs were also screened molecularly for carbapenemase genes by PCR and the carbapenemase genes detected were sequenced. Results: Out of the 123 isolates screened for carbapenem resistance, 6 (4.88%) comprising of 2 isolates of E. coli (2/70; 2.86%) and 4 isolates of K. pneumoniae (4/53; 7.55%) were carbapenem resistant isolates. Phenotypically, all the 6 CRIs (100.00%) were positive for carbapenemase by mCIM. However, 5 (83.33%) were positive by CarbaNP and 4 (66.66%) were positive by MHT. Carbapenemase genes were detected in five out of the six carbapenem resistant isolates screened. The most frequently detected carbapenemase gene was blaOXA gene (57.14%) followed by blaNDM gene (42.86). blaKPC gene was not detected (0.00%). The detection rates of OXA and NDM carbapenemases were found be to 100.0% by Carba NP test and mCIM while the rates of OXA and NDM carbapenemases by MHT were found to be 75.0% and 33.33% respectively. Conclusion: Carbapenemase producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli were detected both phenotypically and molecularly. The carbapenem resistant determinants were blaOXA and blaNDM gene.
Published: 2023
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16. IJCM_64A: Prevalence of anemia among school going adolescent girls in selected health blocks of Himachal Pradesh

Author: Ahmed Suhail and Gandhi Manoj K.
Subjects: anemia, prevalence, ifa, adolescent, hp, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Background: Iron deficiency is the primary cause of anemia among school going adolescent girls in India Objective: To find the prevalence of anemia among school going adolescent girls in selected health blocks of Himachal Pradesh Methodology: It was a community based cross-sectional study where 09 health blocks from 07 districts were selected randomly using probability proportionate to size criteria for selection of blocks. A total of 720 adolescent girls were enrolled for the study. Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 15.82±1.19 years. The prevalence of anemia observed was 31.6% and mean hemoglobin levels observed were 12.73±4.85 gm/dL Conclusion: We observed prevalence of anemia among school going adolescent girls as 31.6% which is lower than that reported in India. A way to reduce this burden of anemia among adolescent girls is WIFS which has reduced anemia prevalence among adolescent girls but still there is a long way to go
Published: 2024
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17. Greater Disease Severity and Worse Clinical Outcomes in Patients Hospitalised with COVID-19 in Africa

Author: Lina Hahnle, Mathilda Mennen, Freedom Gumedze, Daniel Mutithu, Marguerite Adriaanse, Daniel Egan, Simthandile Mazondwa, Rochelle Walters, Lambert Tetteh Appiah, Francisca Inofomoh, Okechukwu Ogah, Olukemi Adekanmbi, Fastone Goma, Elijah Ogola, Kieran Mwazo, Ahmed Suliman, Kavita Singh, Lana Raspail, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Pablo Perel, Karen Sliwa, and Ntobeko A. B. Ntusi
Subjects: covid-19, africa, sub-saharan africa, mortality, cardiovascular disease, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Background: COVID-19 cardiovascular research from Africa is limited. This study describes cardiovascular risk factors, manifestations, and outcomes of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the African region, with an overarching goal to investigate whether important differences exist between African and other populations, which may inform health policies. Methods: A multinational prospective cohort study was conducted on adults hospitalised with confirmed COVID-19, consecutively admitted to 40 hospitals across 23 countries, 6 of which were African countries. Of the 5,313 participants enrolled globally, 948 were from African sites (n = 9). Data on demographics, pre-existing conditions, clinical outcomes in hospital (major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), renal failure, neurological events, pulmonary outcomes, and death), 30-day vitality status and re-hospitalization were assessed, comparing African to non-African participants. Results: Access to specialist care at African sites was significantly lower than the global average (71% vs. 95%), as were ICU admissions (19.4% vs. 34.0%) and COVID-19 vaccination rates (0.6% vs. 7.4%). The African cohort was slightly younger than the non-African cohort (55.0 vs. 57.5 years), with higher rates of hypertension (48.8% vs. 46.9%), HIV (5.9% vs. 0.3%), and Tuberculosis (3.6% vs. 0.3%). In African sites, a higher proportion of patients suffered cardiac arrest (7.5% vs. 5.1%) and acute kidney injury (12.7% vs. 7.2%), with acute kidney injury (AKI) appearing to be one of the strongest predictors of MACE and death in African populations compared to other populations. The overall mortality rate was significantly higher among African participants (18.2% vs. 14.2%). Conclusions: Overall, hospitalised African patients with COVID-19 had a higher mortality despite a lower mean age, contradicting literature that had previously reported a lower mortality attributed to COVID-19 in Africa. African sites had lower COVID-19 vaccination rates and higher AKI rates, which were positively associated with increased mortality. In conclusion, African patients were hospitalized with more severe COVID-19 cases and had poorer outcomes.
Published: 2024
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18. Flexural behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams comprising coarse and fine rubber and strengthened by CFRP sheets

Author: Adnan Abdullah Adday and Ahmed Sultan Ali
Subjects: Architecture, NA1-9428, Structural engineering (General), TA630-695
Abstract: Despite having many advantages, using rubber to produce reinforced concrete members like beams is still restricted. When there is more waste tire rubber in concrete structures, rubber concrete's flexural and compressive strengths gradually decrease. However, this study used steel fibers to improve compressive strength and externally bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets to increase flexural strength. Four groups of three reinforced concrete beams each were established for the study's use. The first and third groups of concrete beams used a volumetric replacement of fine and coarse aggregates with 5% and 10% waste tire rubber. However, steel fibers were added to the second and third groups at a rate of 1.25% of the concrete volume. Waste tire rubber and steel fibers were not replaced or added to the fourth group, the main reference group. The dimensions of each beam were 2.1×0.2×0.3 m. A concrete beam's first member is always free of external reinforcement, followed by its second member, which has one layer, and its third member, which has two layers of CFRP sheet. ABAQUS, a finite element analysis program, was used numerically to represent the third strengthening layer. The results showed that strengthening the reinforced rubberized concrete beams with a single layer of CFRP sheets increased the load at first crack and failure by 8.57% and 17.64%, respectively, compared to the unreinforced reference beam, compensating for the loss caused by the production of rubberized concrete and adding additional flexural strength. These loads increased by 31.43% and 26.45%, respectively, due to the steel fibers added to the beams containing these waste tire rubber. Strengthening with two layers of CFRP sheets increased the load at first crack and failure by 17.14 and 34.27, respectively. The steel fibers added to the beams that contained these amounts of waste tire rubber, on the other hand, caused these loads to increase by 42.86 and 49.23%, respectively. Strengthening with three layers numerically results in an exponential increase in load at the first crack and the failure by 8.03 and 52.88%, respectively. On the other hand, the loads on the beams that contained these quantities of waste tire rubber increased by 50.49% and 104.47%, respectively, when steel fibers were added to them.
Published: 2023
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19. Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Rubberized Reactive Powder Concrete Beams under Repeated Loads

Author: Hussein Haider Mohammed and Ahmed Sultan Ali
Subjects: Rubberized Concrete, Waste Tire Rubber, Flexural Tests, Finite Element Program, ABAQUS, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract: Non-biodegradability of rubber tires contributes to pollution and fire hazards in the natural environment. In this study, the flexural behavior of the Rubberized Reactive Powder Concrete (RRPC) beams that contained various proportions and sizes of scrap tire rubber was investigated and compared to the flexural behavior of the regular RPC. Fresh properties, hardened properties, load-deflection relation, first crack load, ultimate load, and crack width are studied and analyzed. Mixes were made using micro steel fiber of the straight type, and they had an aspect ratio of 65. Thirteen beams were tested under two loading points (Repeated loading) with small-scale beams (1100 mm, 150 mm, 100 mm) size. The fine aggregate is replaced by 5, 10, and 15%, respectively, with crumb rubber. While replacement of silica fume was 10, 20, 30, and 50%, respectively, with very fine rubber. Also, chip rubber was added to the mixture as coarse aggregate with 5, 10, and 15%. Five tested beams were chosen as case studies to analyze and compare the results of the ABAQUS software with the experimental results. The results showed that the flexural behavior of RRPC beams that contains rubber was acceptable when compared with the flexural behavior of the RPC beam (depending on load-carrying capacity). The crack width was decreased by including waste rubber and steel fibers. There is a satisfactory agreement between the results of the numerical analysis and the results of the experimental testing. Slight ultimate load differences are targeted between the effects of the monotonic loading and the repeated loading.
Published: 2023
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20. The effect of the capacity-building program in primary and secondary education (external evaluation) on the level of performance evaluation of physical education teachers

Author: Ahmed Suleiman
Subjects: teacher, erbil, external evaluation, Physiology, QP1-981
Abstract: Significant changes are occurring in the education system in Iraq. These changes aim to ensure the improvement of the quality of education in schools in cooperation with the British Council, as this council is one of the leading international organizations in the United Kingdom specialized in the field of education and cultural relations, as every school in central and southern Iraq received An external evaluation by a committee of three educational supervisors in the academic year ( 2018-2019 ) , and year( 2019-2020 ) where the evaluation process provided, for the first time, an objective assessment of each school's performance and effectiveness in accordance with the twenty-five standards for schools. The research aims to identify the degree of annual evaluation of the physical education teacher according to the form of performance evaluation after the application of the program. The researcher used the experimental method for its suitability to the nature of the research. The research community included teachers of sports education in the representation of the Ministry of Education in Erbil, whose number is (102) and distributed over (116) schools. The research sample included (10) teachers distributed among 10 schools for the displaced, namely (Al-Wehdah, Al-Shams 3, Al-Shams 1, Lana Al-Ahlia, Hataw, the Emirates Martyrs, Sejala, Al-Huwaira, Al-Muzaffariyah, Salah Al-Din). The data were statistically treated and the researcher reached the validity of a program External evaluation in increasing the annual evaluation scores of physical education teacher.
Published: 2022
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21. Buy now or regret later: Social media-induced panic buying of medical supplies during COVID-19

Author: Huma Parveen, Ahmed Suhail Ajina, Najat S. M. Habbas, Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh Al-Faryan, and Amgad S.D. Khaled
Subjects: COVID-19, FOMO, medical supplies, panic buying, scarcity, social media, Marketing. Distribution of products, HF5410-5417.5
Abstract: A huge body of research analyzed panic buying during the pandemic; however, there is a dearth of studies scrutinizing social media triggering panic buying of drugs and medical supplies. This study assesses the impact of social media on panic buying of drugs and medical supplies during COVID-19. An online survey was conducted in the Delhi-NCR region (India) using a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. The data were collected from the respondents (N = 250) who were youngsters considering their pivotal role in the battle against COVID-19. Regression analysis in SPSS was used to process the data. The results manifested a strong impact of social media on buying behavior during COVID-19. Perceived scarcity (p = .000), perceived quality (p = .000), perceived cost (p = .000) of medical supplies, and fear-of-missing-out (p = .000) were found to strongly influence panic buying. Further, perceived scarcity was found to have a significant impact on FOMO (p = .0400). At the same time, perceived cost also had a substantial effect on perceived quality (p = .0100). The results indicated that perceived scarcity did not affect perceived quality (p = .0600). People indulged in hoarding during COVID-19 to remove their fear of missing out. The perception of scarcity of medicines, the quality degradation that may happen later, or the likelihood that costs may increase in the future contributed fairly to people stockpiling. Perceived scarcity also induced fear of missing out, while perception about the quality was dependent on perceived cost.
Published: 2022
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22. FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR OF RC BEAMS CONTAINS RUBBERIZED PIECES AND STRENGTHENED WITH CFRP SHEETS

Author: Adnan Abdullah Adday and Ahmed Sultan Ali
Subjects: Rubberized concrete, Flexural behavior, CFRP sheets, Beam strengthening, Waste tire rubber, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract: When rubberized, concrete beams lose some of their flexural strength. Conversely, flexural strengthening accounts for a sizeable portion of the structural applications for external carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) sheets that strengthen reinforced concrete beams. In this study, externally bonded sheets of (CFRP) were used to compensate for the flexural strength loss brought on by using rubberized concrete in constructing the beams. The study's reinforced concrete beams were split into two groups, each with three beams. In the first group, waste tire rubber (WTR) replaced (5 and 10) % of the fine and coarse aggregate, respectively. The reference group is the second group of typical concrete-mixture beams without used tire rubber. Each beam measured (2.1 m ×0.3m × 0.2m) has the same tensile, compression, and shear reinforcement. Every group of concrete beams contained a beam without any external reinforcement, a beam with a single layer, and a beam with double layers of (CFRP) sheet, where the beam soffit was externally strengthened. ABAQUS' finite element analysis software was used to represent the third external strengthening layer numerically. The mechanical properties of the two groups have been tested; additionally, the flexural response of the beams was examined using a monotonic two-point loading. The outcomes denote that strengthening with one and two layers of (CFRP) sheet increases the first crack load (FCL) and failure load (FL) by (8.57 and 17.64) with (17.14 and 34.27) %, respectively. The first crack deflection (FCD) also increased by (58.64) and (78.19) %, while the failure deflection (FD) decreased by (13.25) and (5.42) %, respectively.
Published: 2023
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23. المشكلات الادارية والقانونية والمالية في النظام الضريبي العراقي

Author: Zainab Ali Abdi and Ahmed Sulaiman Yasin Al-Safar
Subjects: المشكلات الادارية والقانونية والمالية، الضريبة, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, AZ20-999, Language and Literature
Abstract: تهدف هذه الدراسة الى بيان الهيكل الضريبي في العراق وإيراد كل نوع من أنواع الضرائب وكذلك التعرف على المشكلات الإدارية والقانونية والمالية التي يعاني منها هذا النظام، ومحاولة إيجاد الحلول لها. واعتمد البحث على المنهج الاستقرائي باستخدام الأسلوب التحليلي. وتوصلت الدراسة الى جملة من الاستنتاجات منها: تبين من خلال البحث صحة الفرضية التي تم اعتمادها وهي أن معالجة المشكلات التي يعاني منها النظام الضريبي سوف يساهم في زيادة حصيلة الضرائب، وان المشاكل التي يعاني منها لإدارة الضريبية هي ضعف الثقة بين الإدارة والمكلف، ويعتمد الهيكل الضريبي في العراق وبنسبة كبيرة على الضرائب غير المباشرة، والاعتماد على التشريعات القديمة وغير المتجددة لا توافي الزيادات الحاصلة في النفقات، وان التهرب الضريبي بأنواعه المختلفة يترتب عليه اثارا اقتصادية واجتماعية ونفسية سلبية في المجتمع، كما وإن مساهمة الضرائب في تمويل الموازنة منخفضة في العراق، وذلك لان الدولة تعتمد بشكل رئيسي في تمويل النفقات على النفط وإيراداته.
Published: 2023
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24. Molecular modeling investigation on mechanism of diazinon pesticide removal from water by single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Author: Xinbao Fu, Alaa Mohammed Hussein Wais, Yaser Yasin, Israa Taha Ibrahim, Ahmed Subhi Ali, Kadhum Al-Majdi, Waleed Mohammed Khazaal, Salema K. Hadrawi, Ahmed S. Abed, Yassin Riyahi, and Yan Cao
Subjects: Diazinon, Adsorption, Single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Simulation, Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: In this study, the mechanism of diazinon adsorption on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), as well as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), was investigated using molecular modelling. Determination of the lowest energy sites of different types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was demonstrated. The adsorption site locator module was used for this purpose. It was found that the 5-walled CNTs are the best MWNTs for diazinon elimination from water due to their higher interactions with diazinon. In addition, the adsorption mechanism in SWNT and MWNTs was determined to be wholly adsorption on the lateral surface. It is because the geometrical size of diazinon molecules is larger than the inner diameter of SWNT and MWNTs. Furthermore, the contribution of diazinon adsorption on the 5-wall MWNTs was the highest, for the lowest diazinon concentration in the mixture.
Published: 2023
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25. The role of neural artificial intelligence for diagnosis and treatment planning in endodontics: A qualitative review

Author: Ashwaq F. Asiri and Ahmed Sulaiman Altuwalah
Subjects: Artificial intelligence, Neural artificial intelligence, Artificial neural networks, Treatment planning, Endodontics, Medicine, Dentistry, RK1-715
Abstract: Introduction: The role of artificial intelligence (AI) is currently increasing in terms of diagnosing diseases and planning treatment in endodontics. However, findings from individual research studies are not systematically reviewed and compiled together. Hence, this study aimed to systematically review, appraise, and evaluate neural AI algorithms employed and their comparative efficacy to conventional methods in endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Methods: The present research question focused on the literature search about different AI algorithms and models of AI assisted endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The search engine included databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct with search criteria of primary research paper, published in English, and analyzed data on AI and its role in the field of endodontics. Results: The initial search resulted in 785 articles, exclusion based on abstract relevance, animal studies, grey literature and letter to editors narrowed down the scope of selected articles to 11 accepted for review. The review data supported the findings that AI can play a crucial role in the area of endodontics, such as identification of apical lesions, classifying and numbering teeth, detecting dental caries, periodontitis and periapical disease, diagnosing different dental problems, helping dentists make referrals, and also helping them make plans for treatment of dental disorders in a timely and effective manner with greater accuracy. Conclusion: AI with different models or frameworks and algorithms can help dentists to diagnose and manage endodontic problems with greater accuracy. However, endodontic fraternity needs to provide more emphasis on the utilization of AI, provision of evidence based guidelines and implementation of the AI models.
Published: 2022
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26. P.019 Report from the Canadian Neurosurgery Research Collaborative – One year of resident-led multicentre research initiatives

Author: Iorio-Morin, C, primary, Kameda-Smith, M, additional, Ahmed, SU, additional, Bigder, M, additional, Dakson, A, additional, Elliott, C, additional, Guha, D, additional, Lavergne, P, additional, Makarenko, S, additional, Taccone, M, additional, Tso, M, additional, Wang, B, additional, and Winkler-Schwartz, A, additional
Published: 2017
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27. P.105 Smartphone and mobile app use among Canadian Neurosurgery residents and fellows

Author: Kameda-Smith, MM, primary, Iorio-Morin, C, additional, Ahmed, SU, additional, Bigder, M, additional, Dakson, A, additional, Elliott, C, additional, Guha, D, additional, Lavergne, P, additional, Makarenko, S, additional, Taccone, MS, additional, Tso, MK, additional, Wang, B, additional, and Winkler-Schwartz, A, additional
Published: 2017
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28. Developed graphene/Si Schottky junction solar cells based on the top-window structure

Author: Hilal Al Busaidi, Ahmed Suhail, David Jenkins, and Genhua Pan
Subjects: Graphene/Si Schottky junction solar cell, A sputtering process, Top-window structure, Ideal J-V curves, Stable doped devices, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)-graphene has potentially been integrated with silicon (Si) substrates for developing graphene/n-Si Schottky junction solar cells prepared with the top window structure. However, there are drawbacks to prepared devices such as complex silicon dioxide (SiO2)-etching steps, low fill factors and stability of doped devices. In this work, SiO2 patterns are simply formed using a sputtering process rather than the previous complex method. Additionally, the fill factor for prepared devices is developed by using transferred residue-free multi-graphene layers. The usage of 3 graphene layers improves the power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 7.1%. A recorded PCE of around 17% with a fill factor of 74% is achieved by the HNO3 dopant. To overcome the issue of stability, Poly(methyl methacrylate) as an encapsulated layer is introduced. Hence, the doped devices show great stability for storage in air for 2 weeks, and devices recovered about 95% of their efficiency. This work shows that the developed fabrication process is suitable to develop simple, low cost, stable and efficient graphene/Si Schottky solar cells.
Published: 2023
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29. Multidisciplinary management of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

Author: Walid Abouzeid, Ahmed Sultan, and Mohamed Shadad
Subjects: JNA, Endovascular embolization, PVA, Endoscopic resection, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Abstract Background Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare benign, but the locally aggressive, vascular tumor that occurs almost exclusively in young men. Although this tumor accounts for only about 0.5% of head and neck tumors, it is by far the most common benign nasopharyngeal neoplasm. It is presented typically with epistaxis, obstructive symptoms, and chronic otomastoiditis. The examination of this tumor reveals pale reddish-blue mass. The tumor is seen on imaging as vividly augmenting soft-tissue mass centered on the sphenopalatine foramen. The treatment of choice is usually surgical resection; either open or endoscopic. Pre-operative embolization is usually done to help with hemostasis. We aim to address the efficiency and the safety of endovascular modality in JNA. Methods In the period between January 2012 to December 2017, 20 male patients with age ranging from 6 to 20 years were referred to the Endovascular Unit, at Departments of Neurosurgery in Sohag, Alexandria, and Tanta University Hospitals with JNF. Preoperative trans-arterial embolization was done, followed by endoscopic surgical resection by our ENT surgeons. All patients were subjected to clinical and radiological Imaging evaluation pre embolization, post embolization, and post endoscopic resection. All patients had clinical and radiological follow-ups for at least 1 year. Results 20 male patients with JNA underwent preoperative super-selective trans-arterial embolization. The average age at presentation was 13 years. All patients underwent successful embolization with total obliteration of vascular blush of the tumor in 15 patients, and near-total obliteration of blush in 5 patients. The dramatic effect of preoperative embolization was observed on limiting intraoperative blood loss (average 200 ml) and decreasing the time of surgery (average 2.5 h). There was no permanent morbidity or mortality related to either embolization or endoscopic resection in all patients. Conclusions Trans-arterial embolization is strongly recommended in patients with JNA, it offers a good assist to the surgeon, reduces blood loss, decreases the amount of transfusion, improves the degree of resection, reduces operative time, and decreases the incidence of recurrence.
Published: 2021
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30. COVID-19: Factors associated with psychological distress, fear, and coping strategies among community members across 17 countries

Author: Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Patraporn Tungpunkom, Farhana Sultana, Sheikh M. Alif, Biswajit Banik, Masudus Salehin, Bindu Joseph, Louisa Lam, Mimmie Claudine Watts, Sabria Jihan Khan, Sherief Ghozy, Sek Ying Chair, Wai Tong Chien, Carlos Schönfeldt-Lecuona, Nashwa El-Khazragy, Ilias Mahmud, Adhra Hilal Al Mawali, Turkiya Saleh Al Maskari, Rayan Jafnan Alharbi, Amr Hamza, Mohamad Ali Keblawi, Majeda Hammoud, Asmaa M. Elaidy, Agus Dwi Susanto, Ahmed Suparno Bahar Moni, Alaa Ashraf AlQurashi, Almajdoub Ali, Amit Wazib, Cattaliya Siripattarakul Sanluang, Deena H. Elsori, Farhana Yasmin, Feni Fitrani Taufik, Manal Al Kloub, Mara Gerbabe Ruiz, Mohamed Elsayed, Nael Kamel Eltewacy, Nahed Al Laham, Natalia Oli, Ramy Abdelnaby, Rania Dweik, Ratree Thongyu, Sami Almustanyir, Shaila Rahman, Sirirat Nitayawan, Sondos Al-Madhoun, Suwit Inthong, Talal Ali Alharbi, Tamanna Bahar, Tribowo Tuahta Ginting, and Wendy M. Cross
Subjects: COVID-19, coronavirus, mental health, psychological distress, fear, coping, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Background The current pandemic of COVID-19 impacted the psychological wellbeing of populations globally. Objectives We aimed to examine the extent and identify factors associated with psychological distress, fear of COVID-19 and coping. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study across 17 countries during Jun-2020 to Jan-2021. Levels of psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale), fear of COVID-19 (Fear of COVID-19 Scale), and coping (Brief Resilient Coping Scale) were assessed. Results A total of 8,559 people participated; mean age (±SD) was 33(±13) years, 64% were females and 40% self-identified as frontline workers. More than two-thirds (69%) experienced moderate-to-very high levels of psychological distress, which was 46% in Thailand and 91% in Egypt. A quarter (24%) had high levels of fear of COVID-19, which was as low as 9% in Libya and as high as 38% in Bangladesh. More than half (57%) exhibited medium to high resilient coping; the lowest prevalence (3%) was reported in Australia and the highest (72%) in Syria. Being female (AOR 1.31 [95% CIs 1.09-1.57]), perceived distress due to change of employment status (1.56 [1.29-1.90]), comorbidity with mental health conditions (3.02 [1.20-7.60]) were associated with higher levels of psychological distress and fear. Doctors had higher psychological distress (1.43 [1.04-1.97]), but low levels of fear of COVID-19 (0.55 [0.41-0.76]); nurses had medium to high resilient coping (1.30 [1.03-1.65]). Conclusions The extent of psychological distress, fear of COVID-19 and coping varied by country; however, we identified few higher risk groups who were more vulnerable than others. There is an urgent need to prioritise health and well-being of those people through well-designed intervention that may need to be tailored to meet country specific requirements.
Published: 2021
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31. Trends in the development of remdesivir based inventions against COVID-19 and other disorders: A patent review

Author: Mohd. Imran, Ahmed Subeh Alshrari, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, and Abida
Subjects: Remdesivir, COVID-19, Patent, Composition, Combination, Delivery system, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: The development of remdesivir has been a breakthrough for COVID-19 treatment. It has been approved in about 50 countries, including Saudi Arabia, since 2020. The generic structure of remdesivir was first disclosed in 2009. This patent review summarizes the remdesivir based inventions to treat/prevent COVID-19 and other disorders from 2009 to May 16, 2021, emphasizing the patents related to medical and pharmaceutical sciences. The primary patents/patent applications of remdesivir are related to its compositions, new combinations with other therapeutic agents, delivery systems, and new indications. The inventive combinations have displayed synergistic effects against COVID-19, whereas the delivery systems/compositions have improved patient compliance. The inventions related to new indications of remdesivir to treat Ebola, hepatitis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, diabetic nephropathy, and cardiovascular complications enhance its therapeutic area. Many new innovative combinations and delivery systems of remdesivir are anticipated to provide better treatment for COVID-19.
Published: 2021
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32. An in vitro investigation to understand the synergistic role of MMPs-1 and 9 on articular cartilage biomechanical properties

Author: Allison Mixon, Andrew Savage, Ahmed Suparno Bahar-Moni, Malek Adouni, and Tanvir Faisal
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in enzymatically digesting cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) components, resulting in degraded cartilage with altered mechanical loading capacity. Overexpression of MMPs is often caused by trauma, physiologic conditions and by disease. To understand the synergistic impact MMPs have on cartilage biomechanical properties, MMPs from two subfamilies: collagenase (MMP-1) and gelatinase (MMP-9) were investigated in this study. Three different ratios of MMP-1 (c) and MMP-9 (g), c1:g1, c3:g1 and c1:g3 were considered to develop a degradation model. Thirty samples, harvested from bovine femoral condyles, were treated in groups of 10 with one concentration of enzyme mixture. Each sample was tested in a healthy state prior to introducing degradative enzymes to establish a baseline. Samples were subjected to indentation loading up to 20% bulk strain. Both control and treated samples were mechanically and histologically assessed to determine the impact of degradation. Young’s modulus and peak load of the tissue under indentation were compared between the control and degraded cartilage explants. Cartilage degraded with the c3:g1 enzyme concentration resulted in maximum 33% reduction in stiffness and peak load compared to the other two concentrations. The abundance of collagenase is more responsible for cartilage degradation and reduced mechanical integrity.
Published: 2021
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33. Characteristics of BCR–ABL gene variants in patients of chronic myeloid leukemia

Author: Amin Huma and Ahmed Suhaib
Subjects: bcr–abl, chronic myelyoid leukemia, fusion transcript, major breakpoint cluster region, reverse transcriptase pcr, Medicine
Abstract: Depending on breakpoints of rearrangement different types of BCR–ABL fusion protein can be generated in patients of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The aim of this study is to observe frequencies of major transcripts in CML patients by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and their hematological features at the time of presentation.
Published: 2021
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34. Antibiofilm and antivirulence potential of silver nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

Author: Helal F. Hetta, Israa M. S. Al-Kadmy, Saba Saadoon Khazaal, Suhad Abbas, Ahmed Suhail, Mohamed A. El-Mokhtar, Noura H. Abd Ellah, Esraa A. Ahmed, Rasha B. Abd-ellatief, Eman A. El-Masry, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Azza A. Elkady, Nahed A. Mohamed, and Abdelazeem M. Algammal
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract We aimed to isolate Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) from wound infections, determine their resistance and virulence profile, and assess the impact of Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the bacterial growth, virulence and biofilm-related gene expression. AgNPs were synthesized and characterized using TEM, XRD and FTIR spectroscopy. A. baumannii (n = 200) were isolated and identified. Resistance pattern was determined and virulence genes (afa/draBC, cnf1, cnf2, csgA, cvaC, fimH, fyuA, ibeA, iutA, kpsMT II, PAI, papC, PapG II, III, sfa/focDE and traT) were screened using PCR. Biofilm formation was evaluated using Microtiter plate method. Then, the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was evaluated by the well-diffusion method, growth kinetics and MIC determination. Inhibition of biofilm formation and the ability to disperse biofilms in exposure to AgNPs were evaluated. The effect of AgNPs on the expression of virulence and biofilm-related genes (bap, OmpA, abaI, csuA/B, A1S_2091, A1S_1510, A1S_0690, A1S_0114) were estimated using QRT-PCR. In vitro infection model for analyzing the antibacterial activity of AgNPs was done using a co-culture infection model of A. baumannii with human fibroblast skin cell line HFF-1 or Vero cell lines. A. baumannii had high level of resistance to antibiotics. Most of the isolates harbored the fimH, afa/draBC, cnf1, csgA and cnf2, and the majority of A. baumannii produced strong biofilms. AgNPs inhibited the growth of A. baumannii efficiently with MIC ranging from 4 to 25 µg/ml. A. baumannii showed a reduced growth rate in the presence of AgNPs. The inhibitory activity and the anti-biofilm activity of AgNPs were more pronounced against the weak biofilm producers. Moreover, AgNPs decreased the expression of kpsMII , afa/draBC,bap, OmpA, and csuA/B genes. The in vitro infection model revealed a significant antibacterial activity of AgNPs against extracellular and intracellular A. baumannii. AgNPs highly interrupted bacterial multiplication and biofilm formation. AgNPs downregulated the transcription level of important virulence and biofilm-related genes. Our findings provide an additional step towards understanding the mechanisms by which sliver nanoparticles interfere with the microbial spread and persistence.
Published: 2021
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35. Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Author: Stephen R Knight, Catherine A Shaw, Riinu Pius, Thomas M Drake, Lisa Norman, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Adewale O Adisa, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Sara W Al-Saqqa, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Aneel Bhangu, Bruce M Biccard, Peter Brocklehurst, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Kathryn Chu, Anna Dare, Muhammed Elhadi, Cameron J Fairfield, J Edward Fitzgerald, Dhruv Ghosh, James Glasbey, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, J.C. Allen Ingabire, T Peter Kingham, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Ismaïl Lawani, Bettina Lieske, Richard Lilford, Janet Martin, Kenneth A McLean, Rachel Moore, Dion Morton, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Faustin Ntirenganya, Francesco Pata, Thomas Pinkney, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Aya Riad, Hosni Khairy Salem, Joana Simões, Richard Spence, Neil Smart, Stephen Tabiri, Hannah Thomas, Thomas G Weiser, Malcolm West, John Whitaker, Ewen M Harrison, Arben Gjata, Maria Marta Modolo, Sebastian King, Erick Chan, Sayeda Nazmun Nahar, Ade Waterman, Dominique Vervoort, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Bernardo De Azevedo, Ana Gabriela Figueiredo, Manol Sokolov, Venerand Barendegere, Gerald Ekwen, Arnav Agarwal, Qinyang Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Kalisya Luc Malemo, Jacques Bake, Jakov Mihanovic, Kamila Kunčarová, Julius Orhalmi, Hosni Salem, Jyri Teras, Aristotelis Kechagias, Alexis P Arnaud, Judith Lindert, Vasileios Kalles, Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Gustavo Recinos, Zsolt Baranyai, Basant Kumar, Harish Neelamraju Lakshmi, Sanoop Koshy Zachariah, Philip Alexander, Sunil Kumar Venkatappa, C Pramesh, Radhian Amandito, Christina Fleming, Luca Ansaloni, Gianluca Pellino, Ahmed M. Altibi, Ibrahim Nour, Intisar Hamdun, Ali M. Ghellai, Donatas Venskutonis, Tomas Poskus, Justas Zilinskas, Precious Malemia, Yong Yong Tew, Elaine Borg, Sarah Ellul, fatima Zahraa Wafqui, David W Borowski, Anne Sophie van Dalen, Cameron Wells, Harissou Adamou, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Adewale Adisa, Kjetil Søreide, Sara Al Saqqa, Osaid Alser, Haya Tahboub, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Sebastian Shu Yip, Piotr Major, António Sampaio Soares, Matei Razvan Bratu, Andrey Litvin, Armen Vardanyan, JC Allen Ingabire, Ahmad Gudal, Naif Albati, Jovan Juloski, Miran Rems, Sarah Rayne, Stephanie Van Straten, Yoshan Moodley, Irene Ortega Vázquez, Jaime Ruiz-Tovar, Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake, Sujeewa Priyantha Bandara Thalgaspitiya, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Anmar Homeida, Yucel Cengiz, Daniel Clerc, Muhammad Alshaar, Hanen Bouaziz, Yuksel Altinel, Matthew Doe, Maryna Freigofer, Ella Teasdale, Rakan Kabariti, Joshua Michael Clements, Stephen Richard Knight, Ahsan Ashfaq, Ijeoma Azodo, Gabriela Wagner, Ivan Trostchansky, Mayaba Maimbo, David Linyama, Helidon Nina, Amanda Zeko, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Santiago Villalobos, Federico Carballo, Pablo Farina, Sebastian Guckenheimer, Marilla Dickfos, Ankit Ajmera, Chester Chong, Ralph Gourlay, Sikandar Hussaini, Yi Jia Lee, Adeeb Majid, Peter Martin, Rebecca Miles, Owen James Morris, Jamie Phua, William Ridley, Tarunpreet Saluja, Ryan Renxin Tan, Jen Teh, Anna Wells, Bharti Arora, Qaasim Dollie, Debbie Ho, Yanru Ma, Omattage Mahasha Perera, Anthony Truong, Amanda Caroline Dawson, Bryan Lim, Upuli Pahalawatta, Jacqueline Phan, Xiao-Ming Sarah Woon-Shoo-Tong, Andrea Yeoh, Lillian Charman, Andrew Drane, Sharon Laura, Charmaine Chu Wen Lo, Amy Mozes, Rita Poon, Hao Han Tan, Ellen Wall, Prakshi Chopra, Jasmine De Giovanni, Bal Dhital, Brian Draganic, Alexander Duller, Jonathan Gani, Yao Kuan Goh, Jun Young Jeong, Brendan McManus, Prakash Nagappan, Peter Pockney, Anya Rugendyke, Mahsa Sarrami, Stephen Smith, Vanessa Wills, Hsu Ven Wong, Geoffrey Ye, Geoffrey Zhang, Ethan Brooker, Daniel Feng, Bonnie Lau, Carlin Ngai, Sarah Birks, David Gyorki, Jaime Otero de Pablos, Ali Abbosh, Chris Gillespie, Ahmed Mahmoud, Bianca Kwan, Joshua Lawson, Andrea Warwick, Janne Bingham, Andrew J Cockbain, Nagendra Naidu Dudi-Venkata, Jordan Ellaby-Hall, Ben Finlay, Emily Humphries, Jade Pisaniello, Monique Pisaniello, Salma Salih, Tarik Sammour, Haidar Hadri Abd Wahab, April De Silva, Nicola Hayward, Kartik Iyer, Guy Maddern, Gian Andrea Prevost, Naga Annapureddy, Krishna Pranathi Settipalli, Jeremy Yeo, Lucy Hempenstall, Lily Pham, Shaun Purcell, Cherry Talavera, Ashish I Vaska, Gurpreet Chaggar, Phillip Chrapko, Annelise Cocco, Sarah Michelle Crystal Jade Coulter-Nile, Grahame Ctercteko, James French, Houchen Gong, Martijn Gosselink, Thuvarahan Jegathees, Ivan Jin, Michelle Kalachov, Kathryn Kiefhaber, Katherine Lee, Jason Luong, Steven Phan, Henry Pleass, Kelly Veale, Zhi Zeng, Angela Au, Ashe DeBiasio, Idy Deng, Jananee Myooran, Amrita Nair, Peter Stewart, Anton Stift, Lukas Walter Unger, Kerstin Wimmer, Nabila Ahmed, Syed Hasan, Saber Rahman, Margaret O'Shea, Greg Padmore, Adrian Peters, Pietro Perduca, Guenda Pulcina, Nicolas Tinton, Frederic Buxant, Elsa Dabin, Giulia Garofalo, Francis Dossou, Freddy Houehanou Rodrigue Gnangnon, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou, Pako Motlaleselelo, Omphile Tlhomelang, Igor Lima Buarque, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Aldo Vieira Barros, Ilia Batashki, Nikolai Damianov, Vladislav Stoyanov, Dragomir Dardanov, Svilen Maslyankov, Plamen Petkov, George Todorov, Evgeni Zhivkov, Aygulya Akisheva, Miguel Angel Castilla Moreno, Geno Genov, Ivelina Ilieva, Tsvetomir Ivanov, Martin Karamanliev, Azhar Khan, Emil Mitkov, Tsanko Yotsov, Boyko Atanasov, Nikolay Belev, Mihail Slavchev, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Elgan Jones, Simon Stock, Steve Kyota, James Brown, Tresor Mabanza K., Lemery Nigo Samuel, Chidi Otuneme, Ngwang Prosper, Franklin Umenze, Marylise Boutros, Natasha Caminsky, Sinziana Dumitra, Richard Garfinkle, Dominique Morency, Ebram Salama, Alexander Banks, Lorenzo Ferri, Haitian He, Amit Katz, Alexander Sender Liberman, Sarkis Meterissian, Allison Pang, Elena Parvez, Usmaan Hameed, Fahima Osman, Sangita Sequeira, Natalie Coburn, Alisha Jaffer, Paul Karanicolas, Matthew Mosseler, Reilly Musselman, Xinyuan Liu, Ching Wan Yip, Juan Sebastian Garces-Otero, Carolina Guzman, Sebastian Sierra, Andres Uribe Valencia, Paulo Andrés Cabrera Rivera, Saul Camelo, Andrea Gonzalez, Alejandro González-Orozco, Manuel Santiago Mosquera Paz, Carlos J- Perez Rivera, Felipe Gonzalez, Andres Isaza-Restrepo, Laura Nino- Torres, Natalia Arias Madrid, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Justin Tsandiraki, Damir Jemendžić, Branislav Kocman, Oliver Šuman, Renata Canic, Darko Jurišić, Ivana Karakas, Ana Krizanovic Rupcic, Vlatka Pitlovic, Josip Samardžić, Mario Kopljar, Ivan Bacic, Edgar Domini, Robert Karlo, Danijela Miljanić, Andrea Simic, Mariam Ahmed, Majdi Al Nassrallah, Rabiya Altaf, Talal Amjad, Ruba Eltoum, Heba Haidar, Alhassan Hassan, Omar Khalil, Marwan Qasem, Rommel Ramesh, Gautham Sajith, Maham Wisal, Jan Žatecký, Michele Bujda, Katerina Jirankova, Ales Paclik, Aya Abdallah, Mariam Abdulgawad Almogy, Esraa Ayman El-sawy, Ahmed Moustafa ElFayoumy, Nourhan Elghareeb, Nourhan Ahmed Esmat, Ahmed Fadel, Abdullah Habater, Heba Hamdy, Amr Hefni, Marwa Kamal, Norhan Mohamed Abobakr, Ahmed Sayed, Nancy Shaker, Ehab Taha, Hoda Tharwat, Omar Zakaria, Ibrahem Abdelmotaleb, Ali Al-Dhufri, Hamza S. Al-Himyari, Enas El sheikh, Asmaa Eldmaty, Aya Elkhalawy, Ahmed M.Elkhashen, Kithara Magdy, Safa Mostafa, Habib Doutoum Sadia, Mohamed mahmoud Saleh, Dina Samir, Mohamed Yahia Mohamed Ali, Mahmoud A. Nassar, Samar Abdelhady, Aly Abdelrazek, Israa Abdelsalam, Aya El-Sawy, Eman Essam, Mohamed Gadelkarim, Khaled Ghaly, Mohamed Hassabalnaby, Rana Masarani, Nourhan Mohamed Shaaban, Ahmed Sabry, Menatalla Salem, Nourhan Akram Soliman, Diaaaldin Zahran, Moustafa Ramadan Abou El.soud, Esraa Tarek Badr, Hala Borham, Nehal Elmeslemany, Mohammad Elsayed, Fawzia Elsherif, Sara Eslam, Gehad Gaber, Sondos Ibrahim, Yara Kamh, Abdelrahman Mahmoud, Shimaa gamal Mohamed, Eman Morshedy, Cinderella Omar, Fatima Salem Soliman, Shaza Abdelkawy, Naglaa Abdelmohsen, Mahmoud Abdelshakour, Ahmed Dahy, Norhan Gamal, Mohammed Gamal, Ahmad Hasan, Helal Hetta, Nehad Mousa, Mohamed Omar, Somia Rabie, Mahmoud Saad, Bakeer Saleh, Marwa Sayed Mohamed, Muhammad Shawqi, Heba Abdelhady Mousa, Mostafa Alnoury, Mohamed Elbealawy, Ahmed Elshafey, Muhammad Essam Ibrahim El Desouki Muhammad Ahmed, Mennatullah Ghonaim, Fawzy Hgag, Mohamed Ibrahim, Mahmoud Morsy, Mohamed Reda Loaloa, Ahmed Refaat, Hadeer Samir, Fatma Shahien, Mohamed Sobhy, Fathy Sroor, Esraa Abdellatif, Marina Adel, Amr Abdelghani Afifi, Eman Afifi, Marco Antaky, Amr Dawoud, Naira El Zoghby, Amira El-remaily, Ali Abdelazez Elzanfaly, Ahmed Gadallah, Fatma Alzahraa Gamal, Omar Hashem, Shrouk Medhat Youssef, Aliaa Muhammad Attyah, Malak Munir, Omar Shazly, Esraa Taha, Karim Wilson, Sawsan Adel, Asmaa Ali, Esraa Eid, Esraa Elhelow, Marwa Elmahdy, Bassant Elshatby, Amany Hossam el-din Zakaria, Ahmad Hossny, Eman Ibrahim, Ahmed M.Yonis, Maram Metwalli, Basant Yousry, Esraa Zid, Mina A Yacoub, Ahmed Abdelhakim, Nervana Abouelsoad, Mo'min Alkhatib, Ahmed Ashraf, Alaa Ashraf, Yasmin Elazab, Mahmoud Elfanty, Osama Elkabir, Mai Elsayed, Ahmed Elshimy, Hager Elsobky, John Eskander, Ahmed Gad, Ward Hamsho, Noura Khaled Abdelwahed, Menna Magdy, Dalia Moharam, Abeer Osama, Shereen Ramadan, Radwa Roum, Taqwa Sayed, Tarneem Shehada, Ahmed Mohy Zidan, Khalid Abbas, Amr Ali, Mohamed Attia, Mohamed Balata, Ayman El Nakeeb, Mohamed Ibrahim Elsayed Elewaily, Ahmed Elfallal, Hossam Elfeki, Ahmed Elkhadragy, Sameh Emile, Helmy Ezzat, Hasnaa Hosni, Islam Mansour, Waleed Omar, Gehad Othman, Kareem Sadek, Mostafa Shalaby, Noura Shehab-Eldeen, Rawda Anas khalifa, Helmy Badr, Mostafa Eldeep, Ahmed Eldeep, Amany Eldoseuky mohammed, Salwa Khallaf, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Rokia Mahmoud, Pola Mikhail, Mahmoud Morsi, Sara Mowafy, Dina Raafat, Amina Safy, Marwa Sera, Ahmed shible Sera, Mostafa Salim Mohamed AbdAllah, Muhammad Abdelkader, Abdulrahman Osama Abdou, Ahmedgaber Ahmed, Shireen Gaafar, Fatma Ibrahim negm, Mina Lapic, Ahmed Maher, Hagar Mahmoud, Ahmed Mostafa, Mohamed Samir, Fatma Samy, Nourhan Semeda, Hind I. Shalaby, Alaa El-taweel, Ahmed Galal Elnagar, Ahmed Gamal Hemidan, Mohamed Hussein, Ahmed.A. Kandil, Mf Moawad, Ayat Allah Nasser Hamamah, Mostafa Soliman, Mohamed Abdelkhalek, Noura Abdelmaksoud Tawakel, Ahmed Mohamed Abdelwahed, Alrawy Abdou, Khalid Atallah, Mohammed Yasser Elsherbeny, Eman Emara, Mohamed Hamdy, Omar Hamdy, Amira Haron, Salma Ismail, Islam Hany Metwally, Nihal Mohamed Hamed Elgaml, Ahmed Nassar, Basel Refky, Mirna Sadek, Mahmoud Saleh, Asmaa Yunes, Mai Zakaria, Mohammed Zuhdy, Notila Fayed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan Mohammed, Sander Kütner, Priit Melnik, Indrek Seire, Toomas Ümarik, Eppu Ainoa, Verner Eerola, Hanna Koppatz, Laura Koskenvuo, Ville Sallinen, Sini Takala, Jevgeni Katunin, Arto Turunen, Niki Christou, Muriel Mathonnet, Vincent Lavoue, Krystel Nyangoh Timoh, Lucie Soulabaille, Romain Lesourd, Aude Merdrignac, Laurent Sulpice, Benoît André, Elodie Chantalat, Charlotte Vaysse, Bertrand Dousset, Sebastien Gaujoux, Gregory Martin, Octavian Clonda, Domantas Juodis, Klaus Kienle, Andras Mravik, Samuel Palmer, Gabor Szabadhegyi, Anita Eseenam Agbeko, Solomon Gyabaah, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Nuhu Naabo, Atta Owusu senior, Joseph Yorke, Frank Owusu, Francis Abantanga, Theophilus Teddy Kojo Anyomih, Abdul-Jalilu Mohammed Muntaka, Emmanuel Owusu Abem, Mohammed Sheriff, Paul M. Wondoh, Dimitrios Balalis, Dimitrios Korkolis, Georgios Gkiokas, Eirini Pantiora, Theodosios Theodosopoulos, Argyrios Ioannidis, Konstantinos Konstantinidis, Sofia Konstantinidou, Nikolaos Machairas, Anna Paspala, Anastasia Prodromidou, Christos Chouliaras, Konstantinos Papadopoulos, Ioannis Baloyiannis, Ioannis Mamaloudis, George Tzovaras, Ioanna Akrida, Maria-Ioanna Argentou, Stylianos Germanos, Evangelos Iliopoulos, Ioannis Maroulis, George Skroubis, George Theofanis, Christos Chatzakis, Orestis Ioannidis, Lydia Loutzidou, Panagiotis Karathanasis, Nikolaos Michalopoulos, Charalampos Theodoropoulos, Dimitrios Theodorou, Tania Triantafyllou, Zoe Garoufalia, Natasha Hasemaki, Michalis Kontos, Gregory Kouraklis, Stylianos Kykalos, Theodore Liakakos, Eustratia Mpaili, Alexandros Papalampros, Dimitrios Schizas, Athanasios Syllaios, Ekaterini Christina Tampaki, Antonios Tsimpoukelis, Maria Ioanna Antonopoulou, Eirini Deskou, Dimitrios K. Manatakis, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Menelaos Zoulamoglou, Christos Anthoulakis, Michalis Margaritis, Nikolaos Nikoloudis, Veronica Campo, André Ceballos, Mario-Andrés Flores, Waleska Giron, Donghyun Ko, Gabriel Martinez, Verónica Rivera Lara, Nataly Rueda, Andres Sanchez, Jorge Carlos Guillermo Tejeda Garrido, Alvaro Eduardo Alvarez Rivera, Elvis Benjamin Bamaca Ixcajoc, Lilian Elizabeth Barreda Zelaya, Patricia Chacòn-Herrera, Ligia Margarita Corea Ruiz, Guillermo Echeverria-Davila, Mario Garcia, Danilo García, Edgar Fernando Gutiérrez Mayen, Noriega José, Nery Mazariegos, Diego Méndez, Michael Paniagua Espinoza, David Bardos, Marton Benke, Kristof Illes, Balint András Kokas, Réka Szabó, Akhila Appukuttan, Anjitha Asok, Vijaykumar D.k, Kapil Malik, Praveen Ravishankaran, Ritesh Tapkire, Guru Moorthy, Joyner Abraham, Ramesh Muthuvel, John Alapatt, Abhay Kattepur, Nizamudheen Pareekutty, Mebanshanbor Garod, Caleb Harris, Cliff Wanniang, Ashish Gupta, Deepak Nehra, Sanjeev Parshad, Rajgopal Acharya, Rajendra Badwe, Manish Bhandare, Urvashi Jain, Karishma Kirti, Nita Nair, Shailesh Shrikhande, Purvi Thakkar, Premkumar Anandan, Archana C S, Arun Holenarasipur Narasannaiah, Tejaswi Jagarlamudi, Rashmi M R, Mallikarjuna Manangi, Abhishek Raghavendra, K. Seshagiri Rao, Vinay S, Vinay Sajjan, Aneesh Shenoy, Santhosh Shivashankar Chikkanayakanahalli, Kavya Tharanath, Sushmita V, Peter Adidharma, Raksheeth Agarwal, Phebe Anggita Gultom, Ghafur Rasyid Arifin, Matthew Billy, Zatira Elfizri, Alessa Fahira, Devi Felicia, Triana Hardianti Gunardi, Nadya Johanna, Nadia Rahmadiani Nugrahadi, Sonar Soni Panigoro, Siti Rahmayanti, Retta Catherina Sihotang, Santi Yuanita Brata, Hadi Winoto, Nastaran Barati, Manoochehr Karami, Hamidreza Khorshidi, Homa Naderifar, Mazin A. Abdulla, Maggie Coleman, Ronan J Doherty, Rob Hannon, Brenda Murphy, Aine Stakelum, Des Winter, Lylas Aljohmani, Richard Farnan, Yeshey Seldon, Tanna Tan, Shriya Varghese, Mohammad Alherz, Muaaz Ather, Mohammad Bajilan, Vivien Graziadei, Isobel Pilkington, Omar Quidwai, Paul Ridgway, Haaris Shiwani, Abd al-Rahman Tahir, Eimear Blunnie, Daniel Burke, Niall Kennedy, Kate Macdonagh, Maeve O'Neill, Siobhan Rooney, Giuseppe Falco, Guglielmo Ferrari, Simone Mele, Gabriela Elisa Nita, Lara Ugoletti, Maurizio Zizzo, Gianmaria Confalonieri, Giovanni Pesenti, Fulvio Tagliabue, Gianluca Baronio, Deborah Ongaro, Giacomo Pata, Bruno Compagnoni, Renato Salvadori, Lucio Taglietti, Nicola D'Alessandro, Pierpaolo Di Lascio, Giovanni Pascale, Luca Bortolasi, Tommaso Campagnaro, Massimo Carlini, Giorgio Lisi, Davide Lombardi, Corrado Pedrazzani, Domenico Spoletini, Giulia Turri, Paola Violi, Donato Francesco Altomare, Fabrizio Aquilino, Nicola Musa, Vincenzo Papagni, Arcangelo Picciariello, Leonardo Vincenti, Dario Andreotti, Savino Occhionorelli, Matteo Tondo, Stefano Maria Massimiliano. Basso, Paolo Ubiali, Riccardo Cirelli, Marco Enrico Mario Maino, Guglielmo Niccolò Piozzi, Emanuele Picone, Rosa Scaramuzzo, Giovanni Sinibaldi, Alfonso Amendola, Lorenzo Anastasio, Luigi Bucci, Emanuele Caruso, Antonio Castaldi, Sara Di Maso, Vincenza Paola Dinuzzi, Giovanni Esposito, Maria Gaudiello, Mariano Cesare Giglio, Paola Antonella Greco, Gaetano Luglio, Andrea Manfreda, Ester Marra, Federica Mastella, Gianluca Pagano, Roberto Peltrini, Vincenzo Pepe, Michele Sacco, Viviana Sollazzo, Giovanni Spiezio, Ettore Cianchetti, Nunzia Menduni, Michele Maria Carvello, Francesca Di Candido, Antonino Spinelli, Fabio Corsi, Luca Sorrentino, Fabio Marino, Emanuele Luigi Giuseppe Asti, Luigi Bonavina, Emanuele Rausa, Martina Asta, Andrea Belli, Francesco Bianco, Carmela Cervone, Paolo Delrio, Armando Falato, Andrea Fares Bucci, Rita Guarino, Ugo Pace, Daniela Rega, Emilia De Luca, Gaetano Gallo, Giuseppe Sammarco, Giuseppe Sena, Giuseppina Vescio, Letizia Santandrea, Giampaolo Ugolini, Davide Zattoni, Nicola Chetta, Gaetano Logrieco, Serafino Vanella, Gianluca Garulli, Nicola Zanini, Andrea Bondurri, Francesco Cammarata, Francesco Colombo, Diego Foschi, Giulia Maria Beatrice Lamperti, Anna Maffioli, Gianluca Matteo Sampietro, Al'ona Yakushkina, Gloria Zaffaroni, Enrico Cicuttin, Maria Grazia Sibilla, Harmony Impellizzeri, Marco Inama, Gianluigi Moretto, Sylvie Mochet, Elisa Ponte, Antonella Usai, Stefano Mancini, Andrea Sagnotta, Luigi Solinas, Elisa Bolzonaro, Nicolò Tamini, Gianluca Curletti, Raffaele Galleano, Michele Malerba, Sofia Campanella, Gianfranco Cocorullo, Francesco Colli, Paolino De Marco, Nicolò Falco, Tommaso Fontana, Leonel jospin Kamdem Mambou, Antonella La Brocca, Leo Licari, Brenda Randisi, Giovanna Rizzo, Giulia Rotolo, Giuseppe Salamone, Roberta Tutino, Paolina Venturelli, Stefano Malabarba, Alessandro Sgrò, Ivan Vella, Bruno Cirillo, Daniele Crocetti, Giorgio De Toma, Pierfrancesco Lapolla, Andrea Mingoli, Paolo Sapienza, Angela Belvedere, Stefania Bianchini, Margherita Binetti, Arianna Birindelli, Valeria Tonini, Mauro Podda, Fabio Pulighe, Michele De Rosa, Lorenzo Bono, Felice Borghi, Paolo Geretto, Maria Carmela Giuffrida, Corrado Lauro, Alessandra Marano, Luca Pellegrino, Paola Salusso, Diego Sasia, Michela Campanelli, Alberto Realis Luc, Mario Trompetto, Roberto Cardia, Nicola Cillara, Antonio Nicola Giordano, Antonio Costanzo, Mario Alessandro Giovilli, Luca Turati, Silvestro Canonico, Guido Sciaudone, Francesco Selvaggi, Lucio Selvaggi, Nader Albsoul, Ahmad AlBsoul, Ala'a Aldeen Alkhatib, Osama Alsallaq, Justin Z. Amarin, Rami Ayoub, Isam Bsisu, M S El Muhtaseb, Mohammad Jabaiti, Jamal Melhem, Yasmeen Z. Qwaider, Mohammad Hasan Salameh, Ahmad Suleihat, Haya H. Suradi, Mohammad Alammarin, Almoutuz Aljaafreh, Mohammad Bani hani, Zeina Bani hani, Farah Bani Hani, Toqa Fahmawee, Shadi Hamouri, Cyrine Katanani, Ra'fat Tawalbeh, Tamara Tawalbeh, Hassan Zawahrah, Mohamad K. Abou Chaar, Lana Abusalem, Mahmoud Al-Masri, Hani Al-Najjar, Lutfi Barghuthi, Zahra Ahmed, Adnan Maulana, Omar Ngotho, Charbel Kamau, Aruyaru Stanley Mwenda, Fridah Bosire, Elizabeth Mwachiro, Robert Parker, Ian Simel, Kimutai Sylvester, Abdulmunem Ahmed Mustafa Althini, Sofian Elbarouni, Aya Elseed Elbeshina, Ahmed Gwea, Ans Malek, Wedad Albashir Masoud Farag, Abdulwahab Abdalei, Abu Baker Abdel Malik, Areej Abo-khammash, Ma'aly Abuhlaiga, Nour Adnan, Marwa Albaggar, Asma Alfitory, Asma Aljanfi, Fakhruddin Almuzghi, Zohoor Altumei, Fatima Alzabti, Hana Ashoushan, Mohamed Assalhi, Joma Azzubia, Sondos Bnhameida, Malik Delhen, Houssein Elshafei, Hana Elteir, Fatima Esbaga, Abdel Aziz Gobbi, Fatma Hamouda, Hamdan Hilan, Rania Ismail, Fieruz Jebran, Muataz Kasbour, Galia Maderi, Saja Mohammad, Burooj Mohammed, Habib Murtadi, Hamassat Mustafa, Mohamed Rajab, Sarah Trenba, Mariam Wafaa, Eman Al Sagheir, Alabas Almigheerbi, Ahmed Alzahaf, Sumayyah Ghayth Bahroun, Najah Ben Dallah, Mahmoud Elshaibani, Haitem Eswaye, Maha Karar, Samah Omar, Eman Younes, Maha Younes, Dafer Zreeg, Saleh Abujamra, Firas Ashour, Mala Elgammudi, Wesal Omar F. Aljadidi, Enas Saddouh, Randa Sharif, Aya Alabuzidi, AbdulMawlay Alwerfally, Sarra Aribi, Fatma Bibas, Taha Elfaituri, Yasmine Elhajjaji, Ala Khaled, Wegdan Khalil, Tesneem Layas, Enas Soula, Ahmed Tarek, Muad fathi khalleefah Abu hallalah, Hazem Abdelkarem Ahmed, Tagwa Alsharef, Abdulsalam Ali Ben Saoud, Tasnim El Gharmoul, Ahmed Elhadi, Safa Elrais, Abdulhalim Shebani, Heba Zarti, Asaid Zeiton, Marijus Ambrazevicius, Nerijus Kaselis, Migle Stakyte, Oleg Aliosin, Agne Cizauskaite, Sarunas Dailidenas, Vitalijus Eismontas, Migle Kybransiene, Vitalija Nutautiene, Narimantas Samalavicius, Dainius Simcikas, Algirdas Slepavicius, Albinas Tamosiunas, Nerijus Ubartas, Paulius Zeromskas, Saulius Bradulskis, Edvinas Dainius, Juozas Juočas, Egle Kubiliute, Juozas Kutkevičius, Aurimas Opolskis, Audrius Parseliunas, Andrejus Subocius, Egle Virbickaite, Diana Zuikyte, Algirdas Bogusevicius, Kristina Buzaite, Daiva Čepuliené, Ieva Cesleviciene, Vaidotas Cesna, Jolanta Gribauskaite, Povilas Ignatavicius, Mantas Jokubauskas, Monika Liugailaitè, Ernest Margelis, Ruta Mazelyte, Lina Pankratjevaitè, Matas Pažusis, Agne Rackeviciute, Justina Saladyte, Monika Škimelytè, Vygintas Šlenfuktas, Monika Sudeikyte, Algimantas Tamelis, Tomas Vanagas, Žygimantas Žumbakys, Aivaras Atkociunas, Audrius Dulskas, Justas Kuliavas, Justas Birutis, Sigitas Paškevičius, Mindaugas Šatkauskas, Donatas Danys, Matas Jakubauskas, Lina Jakubauskiene, Marius Kryzauskas, Vytautas Lipnickas, Gabija Makūnaitè, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Herizo Rasolofonarivo, Luc Hervé Samison, Bitiel Banda, Vanessa Msosa, Ahmad Imran Ahmad Izzuddin, Andre Das, Ying Yee Gan, Tan Shong Sheng, Jia yng Siaw, Mohd Fadliyazid Ab Rahim, Dyg Zahratul Hamrak Abang Jamari, Nurfariza Che Husin, Muhd Yusairi Kamarulzaman, Yi Ping Lim, Nil Amri Mohamed Kamil, Mohd Razeen Mohd Hassan, Saidah Mohd Sahid, Johari Mustafa, Elaine Hui Been Ng, Wan Khamizar Wan Khazim, Ng Chang Ern, P.g. Lingeshan, Syariz Ezuan Sulaiman, Sue Ean Ang, Muhammad Navid Bin Mohamad Sithik, Yih Jeng Cheong, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Law Jia Xian, Aravinthan Kadravello, I-Ern Koh, Li-Yen Ng, Yuki Julius Ng We Yong, Kandasami Palayan, Chi Xuan Sam, Phuah Siow Jin, Jeremy Tan Ern Hwei, Yita Tang, Alvin Zubin Ter, Michael Pak-Kai Wong, Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria, Zaidi Zakaria, Fitjerald Henry, Thyivya Kalaiselvan, Muhammad Fairuz Shah Abd Karim, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, Nora Abdul Aziz, Tak Loon Khong, Peng Choong Lau, Hiong Chin Lim, April Camilla Roslani, Jonathan Chen Ken Seak, Sui-Weng Wong, Lai Fen Wong, Leow Yeen Chin, Mercy Chinemerem Anyanwu, Zachary Busuttil, Thomas Calleja, Kurt Lee Chircop, Ruth Cutajar, Andrew Michael Dimech, Joseph Galea, Kiara Gascon Perai, Ruth Gatt, Lisa Kelman, Elizabeth Micallef, Favour Nwolu, Kim Sammut, Joanna Thompson, Sean Warwicker, Matthew Zammit, Fernando Cordera, Efraín Cruz González, Jorge Sánchez-García, Francisco José Barbosa Camacho, Francisco Javier Barrera López, Carlos Jose Zuloaga Fernandez del Valle, Eric Acosta, Iván Romarico González Espinoza, Perla Moreno, Ana Olivia Cortes-Flores, Clotilde Fuentes Orozco, Alejandro Gonzalez Ojeda, Samantha Corro Díaz González, Laura Martinez, Bonifacio Mosqueda Amador, Armando Novoa, Dennet Arturo Olazo Espejo, Alejandro Jimenez, Federico Lopez Rosales, Elva Gabriela Vanoye, Luis Alberto Garcia Gonzalez, Roberto Carlos Miranda-Ackerman, Manuel Solano-Genesta, Alethia Alvarez-Cano, Hector Hugo Romero-Garza, Heriberto Medina-Franco, Lorelí Mejía-Fernández, Noel Salgado-Nesme, Omar Vergara-Fernandez, Guadalupe Montserrat Gutiérrez-Mota, Francisco Xavier Hernandez Vera, Anabella Llantada Lopez, Gilberto Morgan Villela, Felipe de Jesus Ramirez Padilla, Walezka Tapia Marin, Mónica Martínez Maldonado, Ramses Sánchez Suárez, José Manuel Troche, Chaymae Benyaiche, Oumaima Outani, Souadka Amine, Amine Benkabbou, Anass Mohammed Majbar, Raouf Mohsine, Ali Rafik, Thida Oung, Moe Moe Tin, Philipp Plarre, Anna Alberga, Nina Sluiter, Jurriaan Tuynman, Robin Blok, Didem Cömert, Roel Hompes, Marianne Kalff, Merel Elisabeth Stellingwerf, Pieter Tanis, Mark van Berge Henegouwen, Elise Maria van Praag, Daan Wisselink, Michael Gerhards, Josephine Lopes Cardozo, Emma Westerduin, Joske de Jonge, Aaw van Geloven, Kaz van Schilt, Frank den Boer, Simone Stoots, Stijn Vlek, Jamie Adams, Ibrahim S. Al-Busaidi, Gabrielle Budd, Seung il Choi, Michael Jen Jie Chu, Anurag Ganugapati, Lucy McKinstry, Rebecca Pascoe, Simon Richards, Kenrick Rosser, Annie Stevenson, Rebecca White, Shebani Farik, Jin Kwun, Ahmed Murad, Sarah Cowan, Timothy Hall, Michael Hayton, Laminou Malam Sani, Souleymane Oumarou Garba, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Habou, Halima Aliyu, Muhammad Daniyan, Tunde T. Sholadoye, Lawal Abdullahi, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Aminu Mohammad Mohammad, Abubakar Bala Muhammad, Abdurrahman Abba Sheshe, Ibrahim Suleiman, Alaba Adesina, Ajibola Awolowo, Clement Onuoha, Omotayo Salami, Ogechukwu Taiwo, Agboola Taiwo, Stephen Kache, Jerry Godfrey Makama, Danjuma Sale, Olajide Abiola, Akinlabi Ajao, Anthony Ajiboye, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Julius Olaogun, Ademola Adebanjo, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Michael Olatunji Afolayan, Olanrewaju Balogun, Ayomide Makanjuola, Samuel Nwokocha, Rufus Wale Ojewola, Thomas Olagboyega Olajide, Adewale Aderounmu, Abdul-Rashid Adesunkanmi, Augustine Agbakwuru, Adeleke Akeem Aderogba, Olusegun Isaac Alatise, Olukayode Arowolo, Oladejo Lawal, Tajudeen Mohammed, Chinedu Ndegbu, Olalekan Olasehinde, Funmilola Wuraola, Akinbolaji Akinkuolie, Arinzechukwu Mosanya, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Peter Elemile, Taiwo Akeem Lawal, Samuel Ali SANI, Stephen Garba, Rebecca Hauwa SANI, Samson Olori, Henry Onyebuashi, Ifeanyi Umoke, Adedire Adenuga, Ademola Adeyeye, Olufemi Habeeb, Bashir Lawal, Abdulrasheed Nasir, Eirik Kjus Aahlin, Didrik Kjønås, Elisabeth Myrseth, Jibran Abbasy, Abdul Alvi, Omair Saleem, Asma Afzal, Anam Nazir, Muhammad Farooq, Ayesha Liaqat, Syed Asghar Naqi, Ali Raza, Muzna Sarfraz, Muhammad Sarwar, Muntaha Banglani, Ambreen Munir, Rahmat Sehrish, Bushra Ayub, Raza Sayyed, Amna Altaf, Saima Ayub, Komal Saeed, Bilal Syed, Sana Amir Akbar, Abdul Wahid Anwer, Ruqayya Naheed Khan, Amina Iqbal Khan, Shahid Khattak, Sameen Mohtasham, Muhammad Asad Parvaiz, Aamir Ali Syed, Abdul Basit Ansari, Noman Shahzad, Tanwir Khaliq, Isbah Rashid, Shahzad Hussain Waqar, Hasan Abu Al-saleem, Amjad Abu Alqumboz, Mohammad Alqadi, Adham Amro, Rawan Assa, Eman Awesat, Rawan Ayyad, Mohammed Hammad, Ayat Haymony, Bassel Hijazi, Bara Hmeidat, Rowaa Lahaseh, Aseel Qawasmi, Alaa Rajabi, Mohammed Shehada, Sundus Shkokani, Yasmine Yaghi, Nadine Yaghi, Mohammad AlZohour, Mohammad Farid, Yousef Mahmoud Habes, Wesam Juba, Yanal Nubani, Abdelrahman Rabee, Mohammad Sa'deh, Saeed Abed, Iyad Al basos, Mohammad Alswerki, Dina Ashour, Israa Awad, Samar Diab, Alaa El Jamassi, Sahar El-Kahlout, Somaya Elhout, Ahmed N K Hajjaj, Doaa Hasanain, Baraa Nabil hajjaj, Mohammed Obaid, Eman Saikaly, Ahmed Salhi, Hiba Al-Tammam, Murad Almasri, Muath Baniowda, Doha Beshtawi, Ali Horoub, Rami Misk, Bayan Mohammad, Rami Qasrawi, Tasnim Sholi, Samar Abu-Nimeh, Abrar Abu-srour, Sadi A. Abukhalaf, Samer Adawi, Barah Alsalameh, Kholoud Ayesh, Muawiyah Elqadi, Ahmad Hammouri, Fatima Karim Mustafa, Natalie Marzouqa, Shatha Melhem, Dima Miqdad, Balqees Mohamad, Mhammed Rawhi, Ayman B. Abu Ahammala, Ahmed Abu Ataya, Israa Abu Jayyab, Samar Al-Shwaikh, Othman Alagha, Mohammed Alasttal, Haneen Awadallah, Mahmood Elblbessy, Jehad Fares, Akram Jarbou, Ibtisam Mahfouz, Moath A. Albahnasawi, Asmaa' Abo mahadi, Hasan Abuelhatal, Ayham Abuelqomboz, Abdelrahman Almoqayyad, Abdallah Alwali, Reem Balaawi, Mahmoud Hamouda, Mohammed Humeid, Abdullah Jedyan, Tasneem Mahmoud Abu hamam, Ghadeer Matar, Ali Salem, Tahani Samra, Nureddin Shaheen, Karam Shihada, Ayoob A.Nemer, Mahmoud Abu Al Amrain, Abdulwhhab Abu Alamrain, Najlaa Abu Jamie, Mohammed R. Abu-Rous, Nada Alfarra, Mohammed AlTaweel, Noor Alwhaidi, Ramadan Hamed, Bader Saqqa, Ahmad Shaheen, Dana Aljaber, Loay Aljaberi, Malak Alwaheidi, Assef Jawaada, Hani Khaldi, Rami Qahoush, Jalil Qari, Rana Saadeh, Ahlam Salim, Aseel Yacoub, Abbas Abbas, Rana Abu shua'ib, Baraa Abu Zainah, Mahmoud AbuSirrees, Basheer Babaa, Ola Barhoush, Asef Belal qadomi, Laith Daraghmeh, Reema Haji, Alaa Khatatbeh, Lana Khatib, Salsabeel Qarariah, Yara Quzmar, Khalil Safadi, Roqaya Salameh, Mohammad Hassan, Shifaa Herzallah, Loai Massad, Ahmed Nazzal, Ranin Nazzal, Dennis Escobar, Gustavo Miguel Machain V, Agustin Rodriguez Gonzalez, Jorge Emerson Chachaima Mar, Nathaly Olga Chinchihualpa Paredes, Vicente Cuba, Walter Lopez, Maria Milagros Niquen Jimenez, Nestor Alberto Sanchez Bartra, Olenka Sapallanay Ojeda, Diego Sequeiros, Andrea Toscano Pacheco, María Vergara, Sol Abarca, Rodrigo Alcorta, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Ivan Edward Eusebio Zegarra, Claudia Luján López, Mirella Marrufo, Cinthya Mogrovejo, Andrea Nomura, Yamile Rodríguez Angeles, Maitza Rosario Vidal Meza, Gabriela Zavala, José Neiser Castillo Arrascue, Jomara Caroline Hidrogo Cabrera, José Julio Mariano Larrea vera, Miguel Osorio, Edgar Alcides Ylatoma Díaz, Mark Anthony Fontanilla, Joseph Roy Fuentes, Anna Leah Salazar, Genieve Dominguez, Marc Paul Lopez, Shiela Macalindong, Mark Augustine Onglao, Arjel Ramirez, Marie Dione Sacdalan, Mayou Martin Tampo, Gemma Leonora Uy, Jeremiah Mangahas, Kenneth Yabut, Joannes Paul Cañete, Bernalynn Eris Cansana, Ernes John Castro, Maria Kaiserin Lipana, Manuel Francisco Roxas, Vlu Jean Zara, Maciej Chroł, Paula Franczak, Michał Orłowski, Piotr Budzyński, Andrzej Budzyński, Pawel Bury, Agata Czerwińska, Jadwiga Dworak, Jacek Dziedzic, Michał Kisielewski, Jan Kulawik, Anna Lasek, Piotr Małczak, Marcin Migaczewski, Michał Pędziwiatr, Magdalena Pisarska, Dorota Radkowiak, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz, Anna Rzepa, Tomasz Skoczylas, Maciej Stanek, Katarzyna Truszkiewicz, Mateusz Wierdak, Marek Winiarski, Piotr Zarzycki, Anna Zub-Pokrowiecka, Piotr Kowalewski, Rafał Roszkowski, Maciej Walędziak, Miguel Tomé, Sara Patrocinio, Ines Guerreiro, Filipe Almeida, Xavier de Sousa, Nuno Monteiro, Maria Teresa Costa Santos, Daniela de Oliveira, Marta Lopes Serra, Daniela Morgado, Christian Neves, Ana Carolina Oliveira, Alice Pimentel, Sofia Silva, Márcia Carvalho, Lúcia Carvalho, Joana Magalhães, Leonor Matos, Tânia Monteiro, Carlota Ramos, Vanessa Santos, José Barbosa, Jose Costa-Maia, Vítor Devezas, Ana Fareleira, Cristina Fernandes, Diana Gonçalves, Henrique Mora, Marina Morais, Fabiana Silva de Sousa, Sara Catarino Santos, Ana Logrado, André Tojal, Edgar Amorim, Miguel F. Cunha, Ana Fazenda, João Pedro Melo Neves, Inês Isabel Sampaio da Nóvoa Gomes Miguel, Diogo Veiga, José Azevedo, Hugo Cardoso Louro, Mariana Leite, Maria Bairos Menezes, Bárbara Gama, Diana Brito, Marta Cristina Cruz Martins, André Graça e Magalhães, Ana Catarina Longras, Rita Lourenço, Diana Matos, Luis Castro, Filipa Policarpo, Joana Romano, Cristina Monteiro, Diogo Pinto, Marina Duarte, Sónia Fortuna Martins, Mariline Oliveira, Diogo Galvão, Lisandra Martins, Anaisa Silva, Viorel Taranu, Bárbara Vieira, Jessica Neves, Simone Oliveira, Hugo Ribeiro, Margarida Cinza, Rosa Felix, Arnaldo Machado, Joana Oliveira, Joana Patrício, Rita Pedroso de Lima, Mário Pereira, Miguel Rocha Melo, Cristina Velez, Alberto Abreu da Silva, Mariana Claro, Daniel Costa Santos, Andreia Ferreira, Hugo Capote, Daniela Rosado, Filipa Taré, Oriana Nogueira, Miguel Ângelo, José Miguel Baiao, Andreia Guimarães, João Marques, Miguel Nico Albano, Marta Silva, Ana Valente da Costa, Teresa Vieira Caroço, Sara Almeida Braga, Ines Capunge, Marta Fragoso, João Guimarães, Bruno Pinto, João Ribeiro, Miguel Angel, Guilherme Fialho, Monica Guerrero, Filipa Campos Costa, Diogo Cardoso, Vasco Cardoso, Magda Alves, Inês Estalagem, Tiago Louro, Cláudia Marques, Rita Martelo, Miguel Morgado, Rita Canotilho, Ana Margarida Correia, Pedro Martins, Mariana Peyroteo, João Gomes, Rita Monteiro, Manuela Romano, Daniela Macedo Alves, Rita Peixoto, Catarina Quintela, Maria João Jervis, Débora Melo, André Pacheco, Valter Paixão, Vera Pedro, Joana Pimenta, João Pimenta de Castro, Ana Rocha, Mircea Beuran, Cezar Ciubotaru, Bogdan Diaconescu, Sorin Hostiuc, Ionut Negoi, Bogdan Stoica, Evgeny Anokhin, Georgy Kuznetsov, Giorgi Oganezov, Fedor Paramzin, Ekaterina Romanova, Valeryan Rutkovskii, Vasilii Rutkovskii, Mikhail Shushval, Mikhail Zabiyaka, Khasan Dzhumabaev, Valerii Ivanov, Zaman Mamedli, Sergey Achkasov, Artem Balkarov, Elnur Nabiev, Marat Nagudov, Evgeny Rybakov, Karina Saifutdinova, Oleg Sushkov, Lule Joseph, Isaac Ndayishimiye, Ntirenganya Faustin, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Jean Paul Mvukiyehe, Vizir J.P Nsengimana, Carine Uwakunda, Mohammad Monir Abbas, Nouf Akeel, Murad Aljiffry, Kholoud Awaji, Ali Farsi, Ghader Jamjoum, Ahmad Khoja, Ashraf Maghrabi, Nadim Malibary, Mohammed Nassif, Abdulaziz Saleem, Abdullah Sultan, Wail Tashkandi, Hanaa Tashkandi, Nora Trabulsi, Mouhamadou Bachir Ba, Adja Coumba Diallo, Abdourahmane Ndong, Vladica Cuk, Uroš Janković, Sharon Zhiling Koh, Frederick Koh, Kuok Chung Lee, Kai Yin Lee, Sean Lee, Wei Qi Leong, Su Ann Lui, Prajwala Prakash, Jan Grosek, Gregor Norcic, Ales Tomazic, Nicolas Fitchat, Robert Jaich, Devorah Wineberg, Modise Zacharia Koto, Daniella Baiocchi, Damian Clarke, Christina Johanna Steenkamp, Sharon Bannister, Adam Boutall, Galya Chinnery, Anna Coccia, Angela Dell, Parveen Karjiker, Christo Kloppers, Nicholas Loxton, Tumi Mabogoane, Francois Malherbe, Eugenio Panieri, Shreya Rayamajhi, Tirsa van Wyngaard, Claire Warden, T E Madiba, Nivashen Pillay, Savannah Brooks, Charlise Kruger, Lisa Hannah Van Der Merwe, Ferhana Gool, Maahir Kariem, Heather Bougard, Nazmie Kariem, Fazlin Noor, Reantha Pillay, Leandi Steynfaardt, Lucía González González, José Miguel Marín Santos, Paula Martín-Borregón, Javier Martínez Caballero, Cristina Nevado García, Pastora Rodriguez Fraga, Gonzalo De Castro Parga, Maria Pilar Fernández Veiga, Lucía Garrido López, Hugo Infante Pino, Irene Lages Cal, Marta López Otero, Manuel Nogueira Sixto, Marta Paniagua García Señorans, Laura Rodríguez Fernández, Alejandro Ruano Poblador, Erika Rufo Crespo, Raquel Sanchez-Santos, Vincenzo Vigorita, Ester Alonso Batanero, Dorisme Asnel, Isabel Cifrian Canales, Elisa Contreras Saiz, Irene De Santiago Alvarez, Tamara Díaz Vico, Sebastian Fernandez Arias, Daniel Fernández Martínez, Carmen García Bernardo, Luis Joaquín García Flórez, Carmen Garcia Gutierrez, Manuel García Munar, Carlos Alberto Márquez Zorrilla Molina, Marta Merayo, José Luis Michi Campos, Maria Moreno Gijon, Jorge L. Otero-Diez, Jose Luis Rodicio Miravalles, Lorena Solar-Garcia, Aida Suárez Sánchez, Nuria Truan, Cristina Alejandre Villalobos, Yurena Caballero Díaz, Marta Jimenez, Dacil Montesdeoca, Antonio Navarro-Sánchez, Victor Vega, Juan Beltrán de Heredia, Zahira Gómez, Carlos Jezieniecki, Ana Patricia Legido Morán, Mario Montes-Manrique, Mario Rodriguez-Lopez, María Ruiz Soriano, Jeancarlos Trujillo Díaz, Andrea Vazquez Fernandez, Nuria Argudo, Miguel Pera, Laia Torrent Jansà, Melody García Domínguez, Ignacio Goded, Marta Roldón Golet, Issa Talal El-Abur, Alejandra Utrilla Fornals, Vanesa Zambrana Campos, Maria Del Mar Aguilar Martinez, Marina Bosch, Luis García-Catalá, Luis Sánchez-Guillén, Eva Artigau, Nuria Gomez Romeu, David Julià Bergkvist, Beatriz Espina Perez, Olga Morató, Carles Olona, Beatriz Diéguez, Alexander Forero-Torres, Manuel Losada, Segundo Gomez-Abril, Paula Gonzálvez, Rosario Martinez, Sergio Navarro Martínez, Carmen Payá-Llorente, Álvaro Pérez Rubio, Sandra Santarrufina Martinez, Juan Carlos Sebastián Tomás, Ramon Trullenque Juan, Alberto Gegúndez Simón, Paloma Maté, Maria Isabel Prieto-Nieto, Ines Rubio-Perez, Aitor Urbieta, Marina Vicario Bravo, David Abelló, Matteo Frasson, Alvaro Garcia-Granero, Alfredo Abad Gurumeta, Ane Abad-Motos, Elena Lucena-de Pablo, Beatriz Nozal, Javier Ripollés-Melchor, Rut Salvachúa, Esther Ferrero, Luis Garcia-Sancho Tellez, Antonio L. Picardo, Jose Alberto Rojo López, Laura Patricia Zorrilla Matilla, Carmen Cagigas Fernandez, Sonia Castanedo Bezanilla, José Estevez Tesouro, Maria Jose Fernandez-Diaz, Juan García Cardo, Marcos Gomez Ruiz, Erik Gonzalez-Tolaretxipi, Jaime Jimeno Fraile, Cristobal Poch, Montserrat Rodriguez-Aguirre, Noemí Troche Pesqueira, Maria Soledad Trugeda-Carrera, Javier de la Torre, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Eloy Espin-Basany, Martin Espinosa-Bravo, Clara Morales Comas, Eduardo Reyes Afonso, Joaquín Rivero Déniz, Christian Siso Raber, Mireia Verdaguer Tremolosa, Pramodh Chandrasinghe, Sumudu Kumarage, Nimeshi Wijekoon Arachchilage, Ahmed Abdalla Ahmed Elkamel, Mohammed A. Adam, Nina Blomme, Anders Thorell, Fredrik Wogensen, Andreas Älgå, Dhirar Ansarei, Fuat Celebioglu, Göran Heinius, Linda Nigard, Emil Pieniowski, Sandra Ahlqvist, Ida Björklund, Andreas Frånberg, Martina Håkansson, Karin Adamo, Oskar Franklin, Malin Sund, Rebecca Wiberg, Yvette Andersson, Abbas Chabok, Maziar Nikberg, Alexander Kugelberg, Claudia Canonica, Dimitrios Christoforidis, Fabrizio Fasolini, Paolo Gaffuri, Mauro Giuliani, Francesco Meani, Sotirios Georgios Popeskou, Silvia Pozza, Wiebke Wandschneider, Lorenz Peterer, Lukas Werner Widmer, Bernd Zimmermann, Panagiotis Bakoleas, Iris Chanousi, Lydia Charalampidou, Lukasz Filip Grochola, Franziska Heid, Sotirios Ntaoulas, Michail Outos, Georgios Peros, Hanna Podolska-Skoczek, Katharina Beate Reinisch, Christian Zielasek, Nicolas Demartines, Jérôme Gilgien, Amaniel Kefleyesus, Pénélope St-Amour, Arnaud Toussaint, Maryam Alhimyar, Bayan Alsaid, Amr Alyafi, Ahmad Alkhaledi, Basel Kouz, Ahmad Omarain, Yusra Al-Sabbagh, Haya Alkhatib, Samer Sara, Ahmad Alhaj, Aghyad Danial, Lama Kadoura, Sarah Maa Albared, Yamen Monawar, Louei Nahas, Barook Abd, Ahmad Saad, Habib Wakkaf, Hatem Bouzaiene, Montassar Ghalleb, Elif Akaydin, Ata Cem Akbaba, Onur Atakul, Ege Baltaci, Sevval Besli, Gökçen Burgu, Ulukan Cenal, Cansu de Muijnck, Hasan Can Demirkaya, Alper Dogruoz, Zeynep Ipek Gezer, Yasemin Gündoğdu, Merve Kara, Hasan Kürşad Korkmaz, Gökalp Kağan Kurtoğlu, Volkan Ozben, Berk Baris Ozmen, Ahmet Murat Pektaş, Eda Kübra Sel, Nilüfer Yenidünya, Fuat Baris Bengur, Berke Mustafa Oral, Tahir Koray Yozgatli, Seymur Abdullayev, Mehmet Emin Gunes, Nuri Alper Sahbaz, Tuba Banaz, Kübra Kargici, Omer Faruk Kuyumcu, Erkan Yanikoğlu, Merve Yeşilsancak, Duygu Yilmaz, Melik Kagan Aktas, Ahmet Rencuzogullari, Arda Isik, Sezai Leventoğlu, Ali Yalçinkaya, Osman Yüksel, Mustafa U Kalayci, Yasin Kara, Inanc Samil Sarici, Alp Akin, Gökçe nur Alemdağ, Ekin Arslan, Bahadir Emre Baki, Muhammed Selim Bodur, Adnan Calik, Bahar Candas Altinbas, Irem Cihanyurdu, Oğuz Erkul, Burak Gül, Ali Guner, Beyza Köse, Anil Semiz, Şule Sevim, Serkan Tayar, Kadir Tomas, Ozan yavuz Tüfek, Serdar Türkyilmaz, Mehmet Uluşahin, Arif Usta, Reyyan Yildirim, Sertaç Ata Güler, Ozan Can Tatar, Ecenur Varol, Busenur Kirimtay, Muhammed Uysal, Alp Yildiz, Emin Kose, Ahmet Burak Ciftci, Elif Çolak, Huseyin Eraslan, Gultekin Ozan Kucuk, Kürşat Yemez, Herman Lule, Mumbere Bienfait, Emmanuel Bua, Noella Okalany, Maksym Basarab, Oleksii Bielosludtsev, Kateryna Kolhanova, Kateryna Perepelytsia, Kateryna Romanukha, Dmytro Savenkov, Stanislav Siryi, Maksym Tereshchenko, Nezamai Viacheslav, Anton Volovetskyi, Andrey Kebkalo, Yegor Tryliskyy, Volodimir Tyselskiy, Eilidh Bruce, Bing Lun Chow, Emma Iddles, Sarah McGuckin, Nicola Newall, George Ramsay, Parivrudh Sharma, Caitlin Stewart, Jeremy Wong, Abdul Badran, Michael Bath, Fanny Belais, Eman Butt, Kaustuv Joshi, Milan Kapur, Mike Shaw, Adam Townson, Christopher Yee Khang Williams, Timothy Gray, Robert Greig, Mansoor Husain, Elspeth Murray, Ahmed Mustafa, Ashar Asif, Arya Gokul, Max Shah, Mabel Temisanren Akitikori, Alexandros Charalabopoulos, Sophie Davidson, Sinead McNally, Shamil Rupani, Fatema Juma, Sarah Catherine Mills, Laura Muirhead, Kate Sellars, Una Walsh, Oliver Warren, Alice Chambers, Richard Hunt, Stephen Boyce, Hannah Cornwall, Isabel Tol, Eleftherios Orestis Argyriou, Nicola Eardley, Meical Povey, Joanna M S Aithie, Ahmer Irfan, Mari-Claire McGuigan, Robert Starr, Craig Russell Warren, Jess Archibald, Georgia Kirby, Ivan Kisyov, Chun Kheng Khoo, Rachel Lee, Dana Photiou, Rowan Davis, Uday Prasad, P Zichu Yang, Jonathan Bird, Edmund Leung, Virginia Summerour, Chelise Currow, Jianshen Kiam, Gerald Jack Soon Tan, Anitha Muthusami, Ibifunke Pegba-Otemolu, Tomas Urbonas, Joseph Nunoo-Mensah, Edgaras Smolskas, Alex Boddy, Gianpiero Gravante, David Hunter, David Andrew, Amanda Koh, Amari Thompson, Lawrence Adams, Hollie A Clements, Kasun De Silva, Ogbonnia Ekpete, Seraj Haque, Scott Henderson, Bilal Ibrahim, Thummini Jayasinghe, Jennifer Livie, Keir Mailley, Gopikrishnan Nair, Daniel Tan, Caitlin Baggaley, Aleksander Dawidziuk, Bartosz Szyszka, Charlotte Barter, Nirav Gandhi, Karen Hassell, Samantha Hitchin, Jennett Kelsall, Eva Nagy, Ashrafun Nessa, Lisa Whisker, Fady Yanni, Mahmoud Ali, Deeksha Arora, Sunanda Hediwattege, Navam Kumarasinghe, Munir Rathore, Athula Tennakoon, Syed Mustafa Ali Ahmad, Oreoluwa Bajomo, Fahema Nadira, Valerio Celentano, Ewen Griffiths, Rama Santhosh Karri, Jason Kei Chak Mak, Michelle Pipe, Muhammad Iqbal Bhatti, Mohamed Rabie, Connor Boyle, David Hamilton, Aishath Mihuna, James Chean Khun Ng, Gary Nicholson, Agata Oliwa, Robert Pearson, Anna Rose, Shun Qi Yong, Catherine Boereboom, Michael Hanna, Catherine Walter, Thomas Samuel Greensmith, Rachel Mitchell, Eimear Monaghan, James Crawford, Susan Moug, James Blackwell, Hannah Boyd-Carson, Philip Herrod, Omar Al-Allaf, Miriam Beattie, Cameron Bullock, Shivang Burman, Gemma Clark, Nicolas Flamey, Oliver Flannery, Alexander Harding, Ben Kodiatt, Samuel Lawday, Shivani Mahapatra, Navin Mukundu Nagesh, Michael Ng, Dupinderjit Rye, Andrel Yoong, Laura Clark, Chris Deans, Monisha Edirisooriya, Emma Victoria Carrington, Tsz Lun Ernest Wong, Baasil Yusuf, Carla Chamberlain, Kathryn Duke, Elizabeth Kmiotek, Azel Botes, Natalie Condie, Timothy Schrire, Reena Shah, Iolo Thomas-Jones, Charlotte Yates, Natasha Anthony, Edward Matthews, Kapil Sahnan, James Tankel, Sally Tucker, Jasmine Winter Beatty, Paul Ziprin, William Duggan, Anastasia Kantartzi, Shruthi Sridhar, Rachel Alys Khaw, Prakhar Srivastava, Charlotte Underwood, Homero Alves do Canto Brum, Sharat Chopra, Laura Davis, Rebecca Hughes, Joshua Tulley, Justin Alberts, Thomas Athisayaraj, Mojolaoluwa Olugbemi, Kasim Ahmad, Claudia Chan, Gavin Chapman, Hannah Fleming, Benjamin Fox, Julia Grewar, Kate Hulse, Duncan Rutherford, Mackay Sinead, Scott Smith, Doug Speake, Peter G Vaughan-Shaw, Natasha Christodoulides, Simrit Kudhail, Matthew Welch, Syed Muhibullah Husaini, Simon Lambracos, Chikamuche Anyanwu, Rishi Suresh, Jimmy Scott Thomas, Elizabeth Gleeson, Rebecca Platoff, Areeba Saif, Zachary Enumah, Eric Etchill, Alodia Gabre-Kidan, Mitchell Bernstein, Francesco Maria Carrano, Joseph Connors, Patricio Lynn, Marcovalerio Melis, Elliot Newman, Deshka S Foster, Kenneth Perrone, Ashley Titan, Sarwat Ahmad, Andrea Chao M.D. Bafford, Marco Dal Molin, Nader Hanna, Syed Nabeel Zafar, Mark Hemmila, Lena Napolitano, Jane J Wong, Julia Chandler, Lauren Wood, Sherry Wren, Taylor Ottesen, Lucia You, Kristin Yu, María del pilar Arciénega Yañez, Martin Ferreira Fernandes, Daniel González, Santiago Cubas, María Catalina González, Vanessa Zubiaurre, Rodrigo Demolin, Nicolas Giroff, Pablo Sciuto, Maite Campos, Gabriela Rodríguez Cantera, Garg Deepika, Elliot Simuchimba, Anadi Bulaya, Chali Chibuye, Bright Chirengendure, Mary-Rose Kabale, Kizito Kabongo, James Munthali, Oliver Mweso, Francis Pikiti, James Otieno, Log Tung Lai, Brighid Blackman, Sophie Richards, Suren Subramaniam, Rafid Karim, Nathan Kok, Yanni Dion Lee, Shabina Ali, Aanjaneya Sinha, Robert Corrigan, Nicole Barnes, Florence Wong, Grace Dennis, Julia Jedamzik, Emil Phillips, Wivine Piette, Marie Van hentenryck, Houenoukpo Koco, Souliath Lawani, Mamo Woldu Kassa, Tainá Santos Bezerra, Petar Gribnev, Dobromir Dimitrov, Panche Krastev, Sovannarith Oum, Divine Tim Bonghaseh, Maryam Al Farsi, Nourah Alsharqawi, Veronica Acevedo, Andrea Carolina Castillo Barbosa, Felipe Giron, Jimmy Paul Leon Rodriguez, Darko Kučan, Damir Rosko, Neven Barsic, Domagoj Župan, Amgad Hegazi, Vendula Trunčíková, Vladimir Fryba, Mostafa Mohamed, Ahmed Sultan, Ahmed Nagi, Abdallah Rashad Temerik, Mohamed Elemam Elshawy, Moustafa Ibrahim Mahmoud, Shrouk Omar, Mohamed Anwar, Tarek Rageh, Aya Elmokadem, Khaled Gaballa, Sandra Teppo, Antti Turunen, Pasi Pengermä, Quentin Ballouhey, Damien Bergeat, Ariane Weyl, Elisabeth Hain, Adam Gyedu, Edwin Yenli, Dorcas Osei-Poku, Vaia-Aliki Rompou, Athanasios Zoikas, Apostolos Gaitanidis, Georgios Koukis, Konstantinos Perivoliotis, Panagiotis Tavlas, Konstantinos Galanos-Demiris, George Zografos, Ioannis Karavokyros, Georgia Xanthopoulou, Eirini Iordanidou, Fernanda Ayau, Allan Garcia, Pekli Damján, Deepender Wason, Ashika B L, Ervandy Rangganata, Prerna Kamath, Donal B O'Connor, Margherita Pinto, Fabrizio Perrone, Francesca Paola Tropeano, Francesca Troilo, Daniela Bossi, Dario Scala, Lucrezia Pulitanò, Marcella Carella, Andrea Pietrabissa, Alice Gori, Giorgio Giraudo, Veronica De Simone, Alfio Alessandro Russo, Bartolomeo Braccio, Raed Al-Taher, Sarah Athamneh, Andrea Parker, Adnan Sawiee, Amina Kattia, Malik Salem, Osama Tababa, Zuhour Shaeeb, Vilius Syminas, Jonas Jurgaitis, Gytè Damulevičienè, Saulius Svagzdys, Narindra Njarasoa Mihaja Razafimanjato, Ling Chieng Loo, Ing Ching Tiong, Wan Farahiyah Wan Muhmad, Harinthiran Vijeyan, Teoh Li Ying, Gabriella Grech, Rodrigo Arrangoiz, Vania Brickelia Jimenez Ley, Daniel Arizpe, Elizabeth Lagunes Lara, Elizabeth Victoria Castro López, Jose Eaazim, Marije Gordinou de Gouberville, Vivian Bastiaenen, Simone Rottier, Fouad Nahab, Maria Yeonhee Ji, Mohammed Seyoji, Callistus Nwachukwu, Okechukwu Emeghara, Sayyid Egbunu Muhammed, Ayodeji Idowu, Olamiposi Sowemimo, Olakayode Ogundoyin, Oluwatosin Akande, Alexander Lott, Maliha Nadeem, Ahsan Ali Laghari, Asif Loya, Hassan Mushtaq, Muhammad Tariq Abdullah, Baseel Abuhilal, Mohammad Atawneh, Hamdan Hamdan, Belal Alhabil, Abedelrahman Srour, Ibrahim Mousa, Luis Da Silva Medina, Katarzyna Bartosiak, Pedro Ferreira, Vítor Francisco, Ricardo Lemos, Luísa Frutuoso, Sara Fernandes, Telma Fonseca, Jorge Pereira, Juan Rachadell, Ana Torre, Filipe Madeira Martins, Ana Cristina Carvalho, Joana Rodrigues Ferreira, Bruno Ribeiro da Silva, Helena Devesa, Ana Vieira, Inês Mónica, Margarida Amaro, Diogo Sousa, Marta Reia, João Louro, Ana Martins, Joaquina Dominguez, Inês Santos, Nuno Miguel Freitas Oliveira, José Carlos Pereira, Pedro Silva-Vaz, Ligia Freire, Ricardo Escrevente, Valentina Madalina Negoita, Dmitry Shakhmatov, Yves Nezerwa, Radosav Radulovic, Gareth Obery, Francois Viljoen, Tome Mendes, Antonio Suarez, Enrique Moncada, Maria Fernandez-Hevia, Carolina Curtis Martínez, Julia Maria Gil Garcia, Mariana González Zunzarren, Tarig Idris, Karolina Eklöv, Oskar Grahn, Leila Amin, Malin Blomqvist, Costanza Ajani, Rebecca Kraus, Nico Seeger, Melissa Willemin, Fadi Rayya, Mohammad Ayash, Raneem Msouti, Israa Kannas, Eias Abazid, Asil Esper, Skander Slim, Akil Serdar Kavcar, Erman Aytac, Ahmet Cem Dural, Ayse Ilker, Ismail Cem Eray, Eray Kurnaz, Saygin Altiner, Mustafa Deniz Tepe, Can Şahin, Evrim Savli, Aryon Innocent, Lilian Babirye, Andrii Diachenko, Vladislav Hordoskiy, Heather Curry, Charlene Yat Che Chau, Harry Robertson, Arin Mahmoud, Hannah Lennon, Lynette Loi, Emily Kirkham, Cameron McCann, Daniel Watts, Binay Gurung, Michael Wilson, Thomas Tribedi, Eleonora Garofalo, Baryab Zahra, Scott MacDonald, Ian Daniels, Nathan Ng, Shivun Khosla, James Olivier, Sum Yu Pansy Yue, Gayathri Suresh, Jack Wellington, Emmanuel Lorejo, Mafdi Mossaad, Madison Crutcher, Marjan Alimi, Ioana Baiu, Hossam Abdou, Alison Conway, Connor Peck, Mauro Andres Perdomo Perez, Stanley Zulu, Mildred Nakazwe, Sule Burger, Justine Davies, Rachel Donaldson, Chikwendu Ede, O James Garden, Chiapo Lesetedi, Charles Mabedi, Laura Magill, Felix Makinde Alakaloko, Alex Makupe, Mark Monahan, Soloman Mulira, Elmi Muller, Jospeh Musowoyo, Jean Léon Olory-Togbe, Tracey Roberts, Martin Smith, Viki Tayler, John Windsor, Raul Yepez, Sudha Sundar, Emmy Runigamugabo, Azmina Verjee, José Chen, Leonid Daya, Nouhaila El Aroussi, Valeria Farina, Tchianze Gnintedeme Olivier, Mauricio Gonzales Nacarino, Aamr Hammani, Sarah Honjo, Rebecca Jacobs, Hitomi Kimura, Mugisha Nkoronko, Jasson Javier Oscullo Yepez, Wei Pin Hung, Ankit Raj, Alina Romani Pozo, Muna Rommaneh, Samuel Chimbioputo Sassamela Fabiano, Camila Milagros Shiroma Gago, Abhishekh Srinivas, Chia-Yen Sung, Aswan Tai, Yener Cristyell Valle Aranda, Sara Venturini, and Jean Wilguens Lartigue
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p
Published: 2022
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36. Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol as the Next Green Biofuel - A Review

Author: Sri Mumpuni Ngesti Rahaju, Ibham Veza, Noreffendy Tamaldin, Ahmed Sule, Anthony C. Opia, Mohammed Bashir Abdulrahman, and Djati Wibowo Djamari
Subjects: Diesel engine, Green biofuel, Physicochemical properties, Acetone, Butanol, Ethanol, Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570, Mechanics of engineering. Applied mechanics, TA349-359
Abstract: The development of diesel engines faces challenging targets to satisfy stringent emissions regulation. To address this issue, the use of alcohol biofuels such as methanol and ethanol has attracted numerous attention due to their physicochemical properties and the possibility to be produced from renewable sources and agricultural waste material. Compared to ethanol, longer carbon alcohol such as butanol has higher energy density and lower latent heat, hygroscopicity, aggressivity, and toxicity. It can also be produced from biomass. Yet, despite its noticeable advantages, the use of butanol in the internal combustion engine is hindered by its low production efficiency. If Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) is further distilled and purified, pure butanol and ethanol can be acquired, but this involves an energy-intensive process, thus increasing the production cost of butanol. To solve this problem, the direct use of ABE as a biofuel is considered a promising strategy. The idea of using ABE directly in internal combustion engines is then proposed to solve the economic issue of high butanol production costs. A scoping literature review was performed to screen and filter previously published papers on ABE by identifying knowledge gaps instead of discussing what is already known. Therefore, repeated and almost identical studies were eliminated, thus reporting only the most significant and impactful published papers. In terms of the objective, this article aims to review the progress of ABE as a promising biofuel in regard to the engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics. Focus is also given to ABE’s physicochemical properties. Despite their considerable importance, the fuel properties of ABE are rarely discussed. Therefore, this review article intends to analytically discuss the physicochemical properties of ABE in terms of their calorific value, density, kinematic viscosity, and distillation. In general, it is concluded that engine emissions such as NOx and Particulate Matter (PM) could be reduced considerably with the use of ABE. Yet, the BSFC was found to increase due to the relatively lower calorific value and density of ABE blends as opposed to gasoline or diesel fuel, thereby increasing its fuel consumption. In terms of ABE’s fuel properties, in general, ABE can be used due to its satisfying physicochemical properties. However, it should be noted that the ABE-gasoline/diesel blends are greatly influenced by each of its component ratios (acetone, butanol, ethanol).
Published: 2022

37. Comparative Study of the Internal Dynamic Failures of Grid-Connected Solar PVs: The Case of the Oman Power Network

Author: Kenneth E. Okedu and Ahmed Sultan Salim Al Ghaithi
Subjects: solar PV, dust accumulation, failure, oman power grid, fault analysis, General Works
Abstract: Solar Photovoltaic (PV) offers hope toward environmental sustainability in terms of carbon and global heat reduction. The harvested energy from solar PV depends on the solar radiation, temperature of the cells, and the voltage generated in the PV modules. With the recent proliferation of solar PV projects in Oman, it is imperative to carry out new studies on the causes and effects of failures of these grid connected PVs, for effective and reliable performance. This study serves as a prototype to evaluate the performance of solar PV installations in Oman, considering the possible failures that may occur. These failures could lead to poor performance of the solar PV systems during operation. The performance analysis of a 6.2 MW grid-connected solar photovoltaic system in Muscat car parking, Oman is presented in this paper. The electrical parameters, and data analysis of the PV system were evaluated by monitoring the voltage, frequency, power factor, and total output power variables. The analysis of the PV performance was based on three internal dynamic failures; dust accumulation, inverter malfunction, and faulty protection schemes. When the solar PV cells were exposed to high percentage of contamination and dust, the plant performance dropped sharply to lower power generation by 43.5%. Furthermore, Inverters failure data analysis show that the average power generation degraded by 34%, and the average power generation degradation of 1% in the same period due to protection schemes failure. The results demonstrated that dust accumulation and inverter malfunction are the two major shortcomings that could lead to low power efficiency of solar PVs during operation.
Published: 2022
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38. Impacts of tillage operations and microirrigation practices on weed infestation of BRRI Dhan 28

Author: Khatun, S, primary, Ahmed, SU, primary, Faiz, SMA, primary, and Rahmana, AHM Mustafizur, primary
Published: 2015
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39. A Feasibility Study of Implementing IEEE 1547 and IEEE 2030 Standards for Microgrid in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Author: Ahmed Sulaiman Alsafran
Subjects: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Vision 2030, IEEE 1547.4 standard, smart grid, microgrids, off-grid microgrid, Technology
Abstract: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s (KSA) microgrids must make significant progress during the next five years, since the Saudi government published the Saudi Vision 2030 and the National Transformation Program 2020. In order to implement renewable energy and microgrid technologies in the Saudi Electric Power System(EPS), King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy (K.A.CARE) started developing an energy mix program in 2016. To achieve the intended goals, this program will unquestionably need to adhere to practical and technical criteria. In the past five years, the Saudi government has made significant investments in renewable energy technology. In order to keep up with the growth of microgrid systems globally, the Saudi Water and Electricity Regulatory Authority (WERA) is now working to update and define a standard for microgrids. The IEEE 2030 standard, which includes guidelines for understanding smart grid interoperability the integration of communication architectures and power systems, and information technology architectures, is proposed to replace the IEEE 1547.4 standard currently in use by the WERA. In the past two decades, smart grid technology has advanced dramatically and attracted great technical attention. To guarantee that K.A.CARE and other research and technical institutes can effectively complete their deliverables, a standard for microgrids has to be established. Additionally, this paper offers some recommendations on how to use these standards to implement them in the Saudi EPS, as well as a feasibility analysis for adopting the IEEE 1547.4 standard in the KSA.
Published: 2023
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40. Isolated Renal Involvement by IG4-Related Disorder Mimicking Multiple Myeloma, a Diagnosis Not to Miss

Author: Muhammad Abdul Mabood Khalil, Ahmed Suleman Rajput, Ruzita Ghani, S M Rahmat Ullah, May Kyaw Thet, Rajendra Govindrao Daiwajna, Pemasiri Upali Telisinghe, Vui Heng Chong, and Jackson Tan
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: IG4-related disorder (IgG4-RD) with isolated kidney involvement is rare. IG4-RD is a fibroinflammatory disorder leading to polyclonal activation of plasma cell and can affect kidney, orbital tissues, salivary glands, pancreas, bile duct, lymph nodes, and can cause inflammatory mass in any organ. Isolated kidney involvement is rare in this order. We share a case of isolated kidney involvement by this order presenting as enlarged kidneys with renal impairment. Kidney biopsy showed CD138 plasma cell interstitial nephritis. The biopsy also showed kappa light chain along IgG on immunofluorescence and was reported as light chain deposition disease initially. In view of hyperproteinemia and initial renal biopsy finding, workup was done for myeloma. Bone marrow biopsy showed around 20% of plasma cell infiltration. Skeletal survey did not show any lytic lesions and immunofixation did not reveal any paraprotein. Flowcytometry of the bone marrow showed nonclonal plasma cell. In view of negative workup for myeloma and nonclonal cells, re-evaluation of the kidney biopsy was done. Biopsy was reanalyzed for both IgG and IgG4. It showed 30 IgG4 cells per high-power field with a ratio of IgG4 / IgG of 40%. The staining for IgM, IgA C3, and C1q was negative. The patient was labeled as having plasma cell interstitial nephritis due toIgG4-RD. The patient responded well to oral prednisolone. It is important not to miss this potentially treatable and reversible condition by staining the biopsy sample for both IgG and IgG4 in clinically suspected cases.
Published: 2021
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41. Liver fibrosis-4 score predicts mortality in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019

Author: Mohammed Fawzi Abosamak, Ivan Szergyuk, Maria Helena Santos De Oliveira, Giuseppe Lippi, Ahmed Suliman Al-Jabbary, Amal H Al-Najjar, Marzooq A Albadi, and Brandon M Henry
Subjects: coronavirus disease 2019, fibrosis-4, intensive care unit, liver fibrosis, mortality, Anesthesiology, RD78.3-87.3
Abstract: Background: Emerging evidence suggests that liver dysfunction in the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness is a critical prognostic factor for mortality in COVID-19 patients, and the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score, developed to reflect level of hepatic fibrosis, has been associated with adverse outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to investigate intensive care unit (ICU) admitted patients, a high-risk subpopulation, research on which is lacking. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined FIB-4 scores and clinical endpoints including death, acute cardiac injury (ACI), acute kidney injury, and need for mechanical ventilation in critically ill COVID-19 patients, without prior hepatic disease, throughout ICU stay. Results: Of 60 patients enrolled, 35% had ICU admission FIB-4 >2.67. Among nonsurvivors, FIB-4 was significantly higher at admission (median 3.19 vs. 1.44; P < 0.001) and only a minority normalized 2.67 was associated with a median survival time of 18 days from ICU admission versus 40 days with FIB-4
Published: 2021
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42. Recent Advances in Diesel-Biodiesel Blended with Nano-Additive as Fuel in Diesel Engines: A Detailed Review

Author: Ahmed Sule, Zulkarnain Abdul Latiff, Mohammed Azman Abbas, Ibham Veza, and Anthony C. Opia
Subjects: Biodiesel, Diesel, Emissions, Nano-additive, Efficiency, Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570, Mechanics of engineering. Applied mechanics, TA349-359
Abstract: Global emission of gases has increased rapidly due to higher combustion of fossil fuels arising from increasing world population which has led to a greater number of manufacturing industries and ‘on-road vehicle (ORV)’ users. Researchers have attributed cause of global warming to gases emissions which correspondingly lead to climate change with devastating repercussions. Currently, climate change is a general issue and world leaders have been tasked to cut down emissions of gases that directly affect the ecosystem and influence climate change. Biodiesel which is an alternative to fossil fuels face many challenges and to tackle some limitations with biodiesel researchers blends biodiesels in various proportional ratio to diesel fuel. This paper, therefore, concentrates on reviewing the use of additives specifically nano-additives by researchers recently to alter and boost desired characteristics in diesel-biodiesel fuel; it also examines the synthesis of nano-additives; challenges, and advances made. This paper further analysed, reviewed, and compared recent results from nano-additive use with respect to emissions, fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, and engine power, establishes the merits and demerits of diverse nano-additives, and finally presents a conclusive opinion on nano-additive usage with diesel fuels in diesel engines.
Published: 2022
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43. Wound infection in surgery department in BSMMU: A study of 100 cases

Author: Nur-e-elahi, M, primary, Jahan, I, primary, Siddiqui, O, primary, Ahmed, SU, primary, Joarder, AI, primary, Faruque, S, primary, Imdad, S, primary, Ahmed, HS, primary, Islam, MA, primary, Siddiqui, MZ, primary, and Sardar, K, primary
Published: 2014
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44. Hydatid Cyst in the Uterus of Young Lady

Author: Yousuf, NA, primary, Chowdhury, MAK, primary, and Ahmed, SU, primary
Published: 2014
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45. Impacts of Different Agro-Ecological and Management Practices on the Shrimp Productivity of Ghers in the Southwest Coastal Region of Bangladesh

Author: Huq, KA, primary, Haque, MM, primary, Mazhabuddin, K, primary, and Ahmed, SU, primary
Published: 2014
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46. The impact of impression coping geometrical design on accuracy of implant impressions: an experimental study

Author: Motaz Osman, Neamat Hassan Abubakr, Ahmed Suliman, and Hassan Ziada
Subjects: Implant, Geometrical design, Impression material, Medicine, Dentistry, RK1-715
Abstract: Abstract Aim This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of implant impression coping geometrical designs on the accuracy of open and closed impression techniques and in the parallel and nonparallel implant positions. Material and methods Three custom-made acrylic resin models of three tested implant systems (Straumann®, SIC Invent®, and Osstem®) with diverse coping geometrical designs were evaluated in simulated cases of two parallel and two nonparallel implants. The horizontal and vertical discrepancies were measured and analyzed. Results No statistically significant differences between the two impression techniques in either parallel or nonparallel implants were observed. The high retentive design of the Osstem system showed a statistically significant difference. Conclusion The geometrical design of the impression copings did not affect the accuracy for either the open and closed tray techniques. However, the high retentive coping design of the Osstem implant affected the accuracy in the open tray technique.
Published: 2020
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47. Resolving Dirac electrons with broadband high-resolution NMR

Author: Wassilios Papawassiliou, Aleksander Jaworski, Andrew J. Pell, Jae Hyuck Jang, Yeonho Kim, Sang-Chul Lee, Hae Jin Kim, Yasser Alwahedi, Saeed Alhassan, Ahmed Subrati, Michael Fardis, Marina Karagianni, Nikolaos Panopoulos, Janez Dolinšek, and Georgios Papavassiliou
Subjects: Science
Abstract: The detection of topological states is restricted to limited experimental tools. Here, the authors apply broadband solid-state 125Te nuclear magnetic resonance on Bi2Te3 nanoplatelets uncovering signals distinguishing edge Dirac electrons and bulk electrons.
Published: 2020
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48. A prospective clinical study on implant impression accuracy

Author: Motaz Osman, Hassan Ziada, Ahmed Suliman, and Neamat Hassan Abubakr
Subjects: Implant impression accuracy, Open tray technique, Closed tray technique, Marginal discrepancy, Medicine, Dentistry, RK1-715
Abstract: Abstract Background An accurate impression is crucial to the long-term success of dental implants. This investigation evaluated the accuracy of the open and closed implant impression techniques in partially edentulous patients who received two adjacent implants. Material and methods Forty patients received Osstem Implants (Osstem Implant System, Seoul, Korea). Two impressions were made for each patient, one using an open tray and a second with a closed tray technique. The horizontal distances between two impression copings were measured and compared to similar measurements on the master casts. Also, under a stereomicroscope (AmScop14370, Myford Road, #150, Irvine, CA 92606 USA) at a 50-fold magnification, the presence or absence of the marginal discrepancies was evaluated. Results There were no statistically significant differences regarding horizontal measurements and in the marginal relationship for the two impression techniques, except between the anterior and posterior regions, for the closed tray technique. There were also no statistically significant differences in the impression accuracy between maxillary and the mandibular arches. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences for the intraoral horizontal distances, compared to similar horizontal measurements on master casts, between the open and closed tray techniques. Conclusions Within the limitations of the present study, there were generally no differences in the impression accuracy between the open and closed tray techniques in partially edentulous patients with two adjacent implants.
Published: 2019
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49. Hepatitis B Therapeutic Vaccine: A Patent Review

Author: Shuaibu Abdullahi Hudu, Abdulgafar Olayiwola Jimoh, Kasimu Ghandi Ibrahim, and Ahmed Subeh Alshrari
Subjects: therapeutic, vaccine, patent review, hepatitis B infection, clinical trial, Medicine, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract: Viral hepatitis has long been underrated as a danger to global health. The UN only recently called for worldwide action to tackle viral hepatitis and lessen the disease burden in its “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which causes liver cirrhosis and malignancy, is a main cause of death globally. This review analyses innovative HBV therapeutic vaccine candidates for which a patent was filed between January 2010 and March 2022 and presents future improvement techniques for vaccine efficacy. Although there is a preventative vaccine for HBV infection, over 3% of people worldwide have the disease on a long-term basis and can no longer benefit from it. Most people will have chronic HBV infection for the rest of their lives once it has been diagnosed. Moreover, only a small percentage of treated patients experience a functional cure with persistent hepatitis B surface antigen reduction. A significant proportion of deaths are caused by liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer, which are both caused by chronic hepatitis B infection. Hence, there is an urgent need for novel medications due to the inadequacies of the current therapies.
Published: 2022
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50. Analysis of Salivary Mycobiome in a Cohort of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients From Sudan Identifies Higher Salivary Carriage of Malassezia as an Independent and Favorable Predictor of Overall Survival

Author: Nazar Mohamed, Jorunn Litlekalsøy, Israa Abdulrahman Ahmed, Einar Marius Hjellestad Martinsen, Jessica Furriol, Ruben Javier-Lopez, Mariam Elsheikh, Nuha Mohamed Gaafar, Luis Morgado, Sunil Mundra, Anne Christine Johannessen, Tarig Al-Hadi Osman, Elisabeth Sivy Nginamau, Ahmed Suleiman, and Daniela Elena Costea
Subjects: oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), mycobiome, toombak, biomarker, overall survival (OS), Malassezia, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: BackgroundMicrobial dysbiosis and microbiome-induced inflammation have emerged as important factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumorigenesis during the last two decades. However, the “rare biosphere” of the oral microbiome, including fungi, has been sparsely investigated. This study aimed to characterize the salivary mycobiome in a prospective Sudanese cohort of OSCC patients and to explore patterns of diversities associated with overall survival (OS).Materials and MethodsUnstimulated saliva samples (n = 72) were collected from patients diagnosed with OSCC (n = 59) and from non-OSCC control volunteers (n = 13). DNA was extracted using a combined enzymatic–mechanical extraction protocol. The salivary mycobiome was assessed using a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based methodology by amplifying the ITS2 region. The impact of the abundance of different fungal genera on the survival of OSCC patients was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression survival analyses (SPPS).ResultsSixteen genera were identified exclusively in the saliva of OSCC patients. Candida, Malassezia, Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, and Cyberlindnera were the most relatively abundant fungal genera in both groups and showed higher abundance in OSCC patients. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed higher salivary carriage of the Candida genus significantly associated with poor OS of OSCC patients (Breslow test: p = 0.043). In contrast, the higher salivary carriage of Malassezia showed a significant association with favorable OS in OSCC patients (Breslow test: p = 0.039). The Cox proportional hazards multiple regression model was applied to adjust the salivary carriage of both Candida and Malassezia according to age (p = 0.029) and identified the genus Malassezia as an independent predictor of OS (hazard ratio = 0.383, 95% CI = 0.16–0.93, p = 0.03).ConclusionThe fungal compositional patterns in saliva from OSCC patients were different from those of individuals without OSCC. The fungal genus Malassezia was identified as a putative prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for OSCC.
Published: 2021
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