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Abstract: Central memory T cells (TCM) patrol lymph nodes, providing central immunosurveillance against known pathogens, but have not been described as conducting primary tissue immunosurveillance. We analyzed the expression of tissue-homing addressins in human TCM vs effector memory T cells (TEM) from the same donors. In humans, the majority of human TCM were tropic for either skin or gut, and the overall tissue tropism of TCM was comparable to that of TEM. TCM were present in healthy, noninflamed human skin, lung, colon, and cervix, suggesting a role for TCM in the primary immunosurveillance of peripheral tissues. TCM also had potent effector functions; 80% of CD8+ TCM produced TC1/TC2/TC17/TC22 cytokines. TCM injected into human skin–grafted mice migrated into skin and induced inflammatory eruptions comparable to TEM-injected mice. In summary, human TCM express peripheral tissue-homing receptors at levels similar to their effector memory counterparts, are found in healthy human tissues, have impressive effector functions, and can act alone to induce skin inflammation in human engrafted mice. Our studies support a novel role for human TCM in primary immunosurveillance of peripheral tissues and highlight the important role of this long-lived cell type in tissue-based immune responses.

Introduction: Activated vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) and c-Kit have been shown to be involved in the growth, invasion and metastasis of non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma tumor (NRSTS) with promising results for targeted therapy. Our aim was to assess the expression of these markers among different histological types and correlate with outcomes. Material and methods: This retrospective study included pediatric patients aged ≤ 18 years diagnosed with high-grade NRSTS who were treated at Children Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357 as per the COG NRSTS protocol (ARST0332). Expression of VEGFR2, PDGFRs (α and β) and c-Kit in tumor tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinical outcome. Results: Of 113 patients, 96 were eligible for the analysis with a median age of 11 years. Overall, 32.3% demonstrated high expression of PDGFRα, 17.7% for PDGFRβ, 19.8% for VEGFR2 and 8.3% exhibited positive expression for c-kit on the tumor cells. Most cases of synovial sarcoma (45.8%) and 43.7% of patients with undifferentiated sarcoma exhibited high expression of PDGFRα while 41.6% of MPNST showed high expression to PDGFRβ. The 5-year overall survival (OS), event free survival and relapse free survival (RFS) for the whole cohort were 59%, 54% and 60% respectively. In univariate analyses, only PDGFRα had a negative prognostic impact on relapse free survival (RFS) (p =0.03). In multivariate analyses, VEGFR2 was found to have a negative prognostic impact for OS (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Our findings indicated that tyrosine kinase receptors are upregulated in NRSTS and exhibited a distinct expression pattern within various subgroups. High expression of VEGFR2 and PDGFRα significantly correlated with reduced survival and may guide targeted therapy approaches for this poor prognosis group of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessment of the relationship between dietary patterns and menstrual disorders among female medical and paramedical students at Beni-Suef University, Egypt. Beni-Suef University conducted a cross-sectional analytical questionnaire-based study. Three hundred fifty two female medical and paramedical students agreed to participate in the study. The collected data about demographics, physical activity, menstrual history, and dietary assessment were transferred to SPSS version 26 for statistical analysis. A p value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. The prevalence of irregular cycles, heavy blood flow, severe dysmenorrhea, and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) was found to be (21.9 %), (13.1 %), (35.5 %), and (68.9 %), respectively. Poor adherence to the Mediterranean diet (40.1 %) and physical activity (69.9 %) was present. Females with irregular cycles (p=0.472), heavy menstrual blood flow (p=0.007), and severe dysmenorrhea (p=0.029) reported lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Mothers' educational level (p=0.034), family income (p=0.005), and family size (p=0.009) were significantly associated with dietary adherence. Poor adherence to regular physical activity and the Mediterranean diet is highly prevalent in our research and is highly associated with menstruation disorders. So, it is critical to support health education programs emphasizing healthy dietary habits and regular physical activity to improve menstrual health and women's quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary hepatic neoplasms in pediatric age are rare entities. Clinical and survival data in children with benign liver tumors who were treated by surgery are still negligible. We aimed to present a tertiary oncological center experience regarding surgical management and outcomes of pediatric benign hepatic tumors. Material and methods: A retrospective chart review was performed including all children with benign liver tumors who were surgically managed at our institution from January 2014 to January 2022. Patients' demographics, presentations, imaging scans, pathological subtypes, operative details, complications that happened, and overall outcomes were discussed. Results: One-hundred ninety-three children with liver tumors were referred to our center, and 28 of them had benign tumors (14.5%). Ten patients were managed by medical therapy (all were IHH/hemangiomas), and the remaining 18 were treated by surgery. Of the 18 patients; there were 10 females (55.5%), and the median age at diagnosis was 24 months (range: 5–108 months). Palpable abdominal mass was the main symptom in 14 patients (77.8%). Eleven patients (61%) were PRETEXT II, while the remaining 7 (39%) were PRETEXT I. The median tumor size was 10.9 cm (range: 7.2–18 cm). Preoperative biopsy was conducted in 12 patients (66.7%). Seventeen patients had primary resection, while the remaining child with IHH/hemangioma underwent delayed surgery. Twelve cases had segmental resection or sectionectomy, and hemihepatectomy was performed in the remaining six. The resection rate of benign tumors versus all liver resections at our center during the study period was 12% (18/151). There were no intraoperative complications encountered in any patient. Only one patient developed biliary leakage on the 5th postoperative day which was managed conservatively. At a median follow-up time of 40 months, there were no deaths or recurrences among the included patients. Conclusions: Surgical resection is the principal modality of management for the majority of pediatric benign liver tumors, which constituted 12% of our hepatic resection rate. Complete excision with negative margins can be performed without significant morbidity for such tumors, and it achieves excellent clinical and long-term oncological outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]