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This study aimed to monitor the change in land cover in Garabulli regionduring the period (1992 - 2010) by using remote sensing technique. The satellite imagesused in this study were obtained from the satellite Spot 4 for each of years of 1992 and 2000 and Spot 5 for year 2010. The supervised classification was performed on the Spot images using maximum likelihood classification. The land cover changes were detected during different times by land cover maps which were produced using ENVI software. The results have revealed clear changes in the land cover whereas barren land, agricultural land, and urban area have been increased by 37.6%, 35.1%, and 28% between 1992 and 2010, respectively. Meanwhile, forest and rangeland were decreased between 1992 and 2010 by 65% and 41%, respectively. The results showed that declining of forest and rangeland may lead to rapidly increase of desertification. Additionally, the present study revealed that the remote sensing techniques can be used effectively in monitoring and interpreting the changes which may occur in the land cover.

107 bacterial isolates with Gram positive staining and negative catalase activity, presumably assumed as LAB, were isolated from samples of meconium of six donors at Roubaix hospital, in the north of France. All these bacterial isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as Enterococcus faecalis. However, only six isolates among which E. faecalis 14, E. faecalis 28, E. faecalis 90, E. faecalis 97 and E. faecalis 101 (obtained from donor 3) and E. faecalis 93 (obtained from donor 5) were active against some Gram negative bacteria (GNB) and Gram positive bacteria (GPB), through production of lactic acid and bacteriocin like inhibitory substances (BLIS). The identification of these isolates was confirmed by 16rDNA sequencing and their genetic relatedness was established by REP-PCR and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) methods. Importantly, the aforementioned antagonistic isolates were sensitive to various classes of antibiotics tested, exhibited high scores of coaggregation and hydrophobicity, and were not hemolytic. Taken together, these properties render these strains as potential candidates for probiotic applications.

Glycosylation is a post-translational protein modification in eukaryotes and plays an important role in controlling several diseases. N-glycan structure is emerging as a new paradigm for biomarker discovery of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the relationship between N-glycosylation pattern and depression is not well elucidated to date. This study aimed to explore whether serum N-glycan structures are altered in depressive-like behavior using a stress based mouse model. We used two groups of BALB/c mice; (i) treated group exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) as a model of depression, and (ii) control group. Behavioral tests in mice (e.g., sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, and fear conditioning test) were used to evaluate the threshold level to which mice displayed a depressive-like phenotype. Serum N-glycans were analyzed carefully using glycoblotting followed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight/mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) to exhibit N-glycan expression levels and to illustrate the changes in the N-glycome profile. N-glycan expression levels were commonly altered in the depressive-like model and correlated well with the behavioral data. Our results indicated that sialylated N-glycan was identified as a biomarker associated with depressive symptoms, which may have utility as a candidate biomarker for the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of depression.