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The study focused on the preparation of oxadiazole derivatives containing thiazolidine. Thiazolidine firstly was prepared from the reaction of benzaldehyde with L-cysteine with a good yield and then it was reacted with acetic anhydride to prepare acetyl thiazolidine, then with ethanol in the presence of H2SO4, then steps were taken to prepare a thiazolidine hydrazide (A3), which was reacted with aromatic carboxylic acid in presence POCl3or carbon disulphide and base KOH to obtain oxadiazole derivatives A4-8. These compounds characterized using FT-IR, NMR and Mass (EI) were diagnosed and the synthesized compound were validated. The activity of oxadiazole derivatives were studied against breast cancer cells, the two compound A8, A4showed good activity against the cells as for the compounds A5, A6, A7it was showed little activity against these cells and the value IC50was calculated.

Background: Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) was recognized and approved as the thrombolytic agent for acute ischemic stroke that can improve patients’ outcome and resolve their neurological deficits. The main reason for the difficulty of stroke treatment is the narrow time window. The cost-effectiveness and feasibility of intravenous t-PA for treatment of acute stroke in 3 - 4.5 hour time window, after symptom onset, have been confirmed in previous studies. Aim: To determine the role of emergency tissue plasminogen activator in ischemic stroke.Also, to study its risk factors, complications, regulatory approvals and its efficiency with time. Methods: The data were obtained after searching the available studies published in English language using several key words (tissue plasminogen activator, ischemic stroke, efficiency and role) on the scientific websites as Pubmed, ResearchGate, and Google scholar. Results: This study included 27 randomized and non randomized trials as well as systemic reviews. The data were extracted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the time of treatment, the dosage, follow up and the history of the patients. The included articles were published between the years 2000 to 2018. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the administration of intravenous rt-PA among stroke patients could reduce the unfavorable outcome and increase the quality of life as well the neurological activity. After acute ischemic stroke, the guidelines suggest using rt-PA within 3 -4.5 h after the initiation of the stroke to achieve the best outcomes and decrease the risk of hemorrhage. Keywords: Emergency, tissue plasminogen activator, ischemic stroke, safety, side effects. &nbsp

Introduction: Acute severe headache is always serious and demands care and usually patients present to to the emergency department (ED). There are many medications available, and many hazards to be avoided, both regarding the diagnosis and the management. It represents an agonizingly painful and disturbing event for the patients, families, as well as the medical team. Usually, these patients have done many methods with expert doctors to no benefit. Inpatient assessment and management could be helpful in some patients. The major diagnostic difficulties in diagnosing the cases of severe acute headache in the ED are misdiagnosis of primary headache syndromes and undiagnosed secondary causes of headache. Missing the correct diagnosis will decrease the chances of correct management. Red flags such as meningismus, fever, neurologic signs, and concurrent medical illnesses should raise the attention. Aim of work: In this review, we will discuss the most recent evidence regarding the recent approach to the emergency management of patients with headache. We will also discuss options for the management. Methodology: We did a systematic search for approach to headache in the emergency department using PubMed search engine (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and Google Scholar search engine (https://scholar.google.com). We only included full articles. Conclusions: Most cases of headache are evaluated in EDs have migraine, however some of them have other primary and secondary headache disorders that must be excluded. When this is performed, many medications are available to relief of headache, involving parenteral ketorolac, neuroleptic antiemetics, DHE, triptans, and magnesium sulfate. Opioids, while commonly employed, are generally less useful, and may lead to readmission to the ED. Even though most chronic headache problems could be treated in the outpatient setting, inpatient management can offer many benefits, especially in patients who are overusing medications. Intravenous DHE has good evidence for efficacy. Few commonly proposed managements plans for acute headache relief in the ED have been studied in that setting; similarly, most inpatient IV treatment protocols are not clearly established to be effective. Problems to further research include lack of funding and individual differences between refractory headache patients, making comparison studies difficult. Key words: Headache, emergency department, management.