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2. Output current boosting in triboelectric nanogenerators for applications in self-powered energy systems

Author

Yousra Abid, Ahmed Shuja, Muhammad Ali, and Imran Murtaza

Subjects
Multi-layer TENG, TENG simulation, Passive power conditioning, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

Sustainable and portable power solutions are the dire need of wearable devices. To ensure the sustainable powering of smart electronics, a portable self-powered system has been developed. A multi-layer Nanogenerator is fabricated using the state of the art Nanofiber Technology. In this work, the authors have dedicatedly encountered one of the major issues regarding the larger output impedance of the nanogenerator that significantly produces poor electrical performance while sinking to the electronic loads. We have modeled and practically designed the intermediate stage of power converter circuitry. This specialized circuitry not only reduces the peak output voltage (>450 V) produced from nanogenerators to an acceptable limit (5–10 V) but also increases the output currents to a larger extent. In this way, a significant increase in the output currents from the nanogenerators can enhance the overall system performance. Also, we have rigorously mapped the output impedance of the nanogenerators and designed a specialized encounter mechanism by inserting tunable passive power electronic components into the overall power handling circuit. So, a specialized power-efficient circuit is designed and developed that could handle technology-independent nanogenerators with significantly larger output currents and have the capability to power 20+ LEDs in a single run.

Published
2024
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4. Simulation and numerical modeling of high performance CH3NH3SnI3 solar cell with cadmium sulfide as electron transport layer by SCAPS-1D

Author

Fozia Arif, Muhammad Aamir, Ahmed Shuja, Md. Shahiduzzaman, and Javeed Akhtar

Subjects
SCAPs-1D, Perovskite solar cell, Simulation, Electron transport layer, Optics. Light, QC350-467
Abstract

This work includes the numerical modeling (NM) of solar cells consisting of the active layer of CH3NH3SnI3 and electron transport layer of CdS, by employing a software SCAPS-1D. Organic-inorganic lead-based perovskites are superior in terms of power conversion efficiency. However, there are some serious drawbacks associated with them including poor stability, shorter life time and toxicity. Therefore, it is the demand of the hour to explore alternative materials to overcome these shortcomings. In this regard, tin is a competitive alternative to lead because it has similar electronic and chemical properties. Moreover, it is nontoxic, making it environmentally friendly. However, Sn based perovskite devices are reported with inferior power conversion efficacy, to date. In the present work, we have worked on a novel architecture of solar cells containing CH3NH3SnI3 as a light absorber layer and CdS as electron fetching layer. Optimization of the device was performed numerically by varying physical parameters related to the active layer such as thickness, defect density and shallow acceptor concentration. The proposed architecture of solar cells was proved as an efficient system with Jsc of 33.40 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.878 V, FF of 85.25 %, and PCE of 25.02 %. The temperature analysis has revealed that, temperature higher than 300 K increases the reverse saturation current, seriously degrading the structure of the device, hence limiting the power conversion performance of the solar cell. Furthermore, a rear electrode made of the high work function materials like Pt forms an ohmic junction at the HTL/anode interface, enhancing the performance of the device. Results of this study have paved the way for experimentalists to explore opportunities, to rationalize this architecture for real time applications such as inhouse lighting and laptop/smartphone charging.

Published
2024
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5. Contributors

Author

Aamir, Muhammad, primary, Ahmed, Shuja, additional, Akhtar, Javeed, additional, Aslam, Muhammad Awais, additional, Badgujar, Amol C., additional, Belessi, V., additional, Bisht, Neha, additional, Böhm, Sivasambu, additional, Carneiro, Liliana P.T., additional, Chakraborty, Pritam Kishore, additional, Colella, Silvia, additional, Corcione, Carola Esposito, additional, Degryse, Olivier, additional, de Souza, Felipe M., additional, Dhage, Sanjay R., additional, DiGregorio, Steven John, additional, Ferraris, Eleonora, additional, Ferreira, Nádia S., additional, Garate, Octavio, additional, Gaur, Snehraj, additional, Georgakilas, V., additional, Ghafoor, Mehak, additional, Ghosh, Sujit Kumar, additional, Giménez, Gustavo, additional, Giuri, Antonella, additional, Gupta, Ram K., additional, Gupta, Ritu, additional, Hildreth, Owen James, additional, Jelen, Žiga, additional, Kaleem Shabbir, Muhammad, additional, Khan, Humaira Rashid, additional, Khan, Fahd Sikandar, additional, Khan, Muhammad Ejaz, additional, Khanna, Pawan Kumar, additional, Kiruthika, S., additional, Koutsioukis, A., additional, Listorti, Andrea, additional, Maia, F. Raquel, additional, Majerič, Peter, additional, Mallik, Manab, additional, Martínez-Flores, Rocío, additional, Mondal, Dibakar, additional, Monsalve, Leandro N., additional, Naseer, Sania, additional, Natu, Gayatri, additional, Oliveira, Joaquim M., additional, Oskam, Gerko, additional, Pal, Ayan, additional, Pal, Sudip Kumar, additional, Pinto, Alexandra M.F.R., additional, Pourjafari, Dena, additional, Ray, Mallar, additional, Reis, Rui L., additional, Rizzo, Aurora, additional, Rodríguez-Gattorno, Geonel, additional, Rudolf, Rebeka, additional, Ruiz-Gómez, Miguel A., additional, Saha, Mainak, additional, Sales, M. Goreti F., additional, Samos-Puerto, Angel, additional, Seiti, Miriam, additional, Siddique, Abu Bakar, additional, Singh, Rina, additional, Syed, Ahmed Shuja, additional, Tewari, Amit, additional, Thebo, Khalid Hussain, additional, Tiyyagura, Hanuma Reddy, additional, Urgunde, Ajay B., additional, Veiga, Lionel S., additional, Verma, Akash, additional, Vetrano, Maria Rosaria, additional, Willett, Thomas L., additional, Yadav, Brijesh Singh, additional, and Ybarra, Gabriel, additional

Published
2023
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6. Fabrication and Analysis of Ion-Engineered ZnO Device Structures for Optoelectronic Applications

Author

Fareeha Younus, Ahmed Shuja, and Muhammad Ali

Subjects
Extinction coefficient, ion radiations, photodetection, QDLTS, responsivity, transients of photovoltage, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820, Optics. Light, QC350-467
Abstract

ZnO-based devices are highly promising for applications involving light-matter interaction. This work explores the impact of light-matter interaction on ion-induced ZnO structures and their respective energy band profiles. Incorporation of various ions, (Au+, B+, Cu+, P+) into the ZnO lattice, deposited via magnetron sputtering on an n-type Si substrate was investigated in detail. To assess the impact of these ions on the ZnO surface, monte-carlo simulations at low energies were performed and optimal ion dose and energy conditions were determined. The resulting post-fabrication devices underwent comprehensive structural, morphological, optical, and electrical diagnostics. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the well-maintained crystal structure of the ZnO lattice along the direction for all implant sequences. Notably, the gold (Au+) implant exhibited the highest light extinction into the ZnO matrix, as indicated by the extinction coefficient and refractive index data. This observation suggested that Au+ implantation could effectively generate electron-hole pairs. The photovoltage and dark/light current measurements provided further evidence of enhanced light-matter interactions and responsivity in the Au+-implanted devices owing to light-induced currents. Furthermore, the energy bands of all implant cases were profiled by Charge Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (Q-DLTS) measurements by evaluating discrete energy states within the ZnO lattice.

Published
2023
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8. List of contributors

Author

Aamir, Muhammad, primary, Adeel, Muhammad, additional, Ahmed, Shuja, additional, Ahmmed, Raju, additional, Ajjarapu, Srinivas, additional, Akhtar, Javeed, additional, Akhter, Mohammed Salim, additional, Akram, Bilal, additional, Ali, Farman, additional, Ali, Nisar, additional, Asare, Magdalene A., additional, Ashraf, Muhammad, additional, Ayaz, Muhammad, additional, Bakhtiar, Manahil, additional, Basim, Pratap, additional, Bhaliya, Jaydip, additional, Bhargava, Ram Naresh, additional, Biasotto, Glenda, additional, Bilal, Muhammad, additional, Bin Emran, Talha, additional, Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues, additional, Choi, Jonghyun, additional, Cruz, Sandra Andrea, additional, da Rosa, Cezar Augusto, additional, da Silva, Caio Marcio Paranhos, additional, de Souza, Felipe M., additional, de Souza Neto, Francisco Nunes, additional, Faniband, Basheerabegum, additional, Farhat, Rana, additional, Ferreira, Gabriella Ribeiro, additional, Ferreira, Luiz Fernando Romanholo, additional, Gimenez, Jessica Caroline Ferreira, additional, Gonçalves, Roger, additional, Gorup, Luiz Fernando, additional, Gouthami, Kuruvalli, additional, Gupta, Ram K., additional, Hussain, Nazim, additional, Hussain, Shahid, additional, Imran, Muhammad, additional, Iqbal, Hafiz M.N., additional, Izhar, Fatima, additional, Jabeen, Uzma, additional, Jacinto-Hernández, C., additional, Jara-Cornejo, Eduardo EJ, additional, Kakkameli, Siddappa, additional, Khan, Abdullah, additional, Khan, Adnan, additional, Khan, Ezzat, additional, Khan, Ibrahim, additional, Khan, Idrees, additional, Khan, Mohammad Mansoob, additional, Khan, Sabir, additional, Khan, Shahab, additional, Kurakula, Mallesh, additional, Lakshminarayana, Lavanya, additional, Latif, Shoomaila, additional, Liu, Junqiu, additional, López, Rosario, additional, Mahmood, Tehreem, additional, Malik, Sumeet, additional, Mohamed, Ahmed A., additional, Mondal, Shakti Chandra, additional, Mortari, Bianca, additional, Mulla, Sikandar I., additional, Munawar, Junaid, additional, Naseer, Sania, additional, Nawaz, Shahid, additional, Nguyen, Tuan Anh, additional, Nikita, K.M., additional, Panicker, Seema, additional, Patel, Gautam M., additional, Pathan, Pinaz, additional, Picasso, Gino, additional, Pizan-Aquino, Charles, additional, Rahdar, Abbas, additional, Rana, Juwel, additional, Rasheed, Tahir, additional, Rashid, Ehsan Ullah, additional, Rasool, Atta, additional, Raza, Mohsin, additional, Rizwan, Muhammad, additional, Rodrigues, Gustavo Villela, additional, Rtimi, Sami, additional, Ruiz-Córdova, Gerson A., additional, Saeed, Khalid, additional, Saeed, Shaukat, additional, Sarfraz, Nafeesa, additional, Sarker, Aniruddha, additional, Scuracchio, Carlos Henrique, additional, Sequinel, Thiago, additional, Shah, Vraj, additional, Shahbaz, Areej, additional, Shjua, Ahmed, additional, Show, Pau Loke, additional, Sotomayor, Maria D.P.T., additional, Suthar, Vishwa D., additional, Thang, Tran Hong, additional, Torres, Sergio Espinoza, additional, ur Rehman Qureshi, Anees, additional, Veeraraghavan, V., additional, Vega-Chacón, Jaime, additional, Villa, Javier E.L., additional, Waheda Rahman Ansary, Most., additional, Wong, Ademar, additional, Yasin, Ghulam, additional, Zada, Noor, additional, Zeb, Shakeel, additional, and Zhao, Linlu, additional

Published
2023
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14. Smart electronic textiles

Author

Naseer, Sania, primary, Jabeen, Uzma, additional, Aamir, Muhammad, additional, Ahmed, Shuja, additional, and Akhtar, Javeed, additional

Published
2023
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17. Contributors

Author

Aamir, Muhammad, primary, Ahmad, Khursheed, additional, Akhtar, Javeed, additional, Akram, Bilal, additional, Batool, Amber, additional, Bera, Sumanta, additional, Bhunia, Narayan, additional, Blount, Parker, additional, Bullock, John P., additional, Elbanna, Ahmed Mohamed, additional, Elsheikh, Ammar H., additional, Essa, F.A., additional, Gondal, M.A., additional, Halder, Lopamudra, additional, Khatua, Bhanu Bhusan, additional, Lee, Chong-Yong, additional, Li, Wenjia, additional, Maheshwari, Priyanka H., additional, Maitra, Anirban, additional, Mohamed, Hanan H., additional, Motaung, Mathato P., additional, Onwudiwe, Damian C., additional, Raza, Waseem, additional, Stephen, Hailey, additional, Syed, Ahmed Shuja, additional, Tahir, M.B., additional, Trad, Tarek, additional, Wallace, Gordon G., additional, Waseem, Sadiya, additional, Zayed, Mohamed E., additional, and Zhao, Jun, additional

Published
2022
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25. Contributors

Author

Aamir, Muhammad, primary, Adnan, Rohana, additional, Ahammad, Shaikh Ziauddin, additional, Akhtar, Javeed, additional, Akucevicius, Graziele Weirich, additional, AlaviZaree, S.R., additional, de Arruda, Eduardo Guimarães Ratier, additional, de Arruda, Eduardo José, additional, Aziz, Muhammad Shahid, additional, Barik, Bapun, additional, Behera, Ajit, additional, Behera, Asit, additional, Benítez, Miriam, additional, Bhatt, Gaurang J., additional, Biasotto, Glenda, additional, Bigdeli, Iman Khosravi, additional, Bora, Arbacheena, additional, Butt, Zakia, additional, Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues, additional, Carrilho, Emanuel, additional, Chauhan, Nidhi, additional, Chen, Yu, additional, Dalmaschio, Cleocir J., additional, Dash, Priyabrat, additional, Debnath, A.K., additional, Deota, Pradeep T., additional, Dewangan, Lakshita, additional, Eskandari, M., additional, Garcia, Cristobal, additional, Gómez, Faustino Reyes, additional, Gorup, Luiz Fernando, additional, Graboski, Adriana Marcia, additional, Guo, Yanchuan, additional, Hussain, Patthi Bin, additional, Jahan, Fabeena, additional, Jain, Utkarsh, additional, Jayaraman, Surya Velappa, additional, Joshi, Deepchandra, additional, Joshi, Nirav, additional, Kalidoss, Ramji, additional, Karbhal, Indrapal, additional, Kaur, Amandeep, additional, Khan, Humaria Rashid, additional, Korram, Jyoti, additional, Kottappara, Revathi, additional, Kumar, Ashish, additional, Kumar, Sanjay, additional, Kumari, Pratibha, additional, Lu, Weipeng, additional, Maji, Banalata, additional, Manikkoth, Sindhu Thalappan, additional, Materon, Elsa María, additional, Mohammadi, M.T., additional, Mohammadpour, Zahra, additional, Naghib, Seyed Morteza, additional, Nagwanshi, Rekha, additional, Natraj, Vishal, additional, Oliveira, Osvaldo N., additional, Pan, Jisheng, additional, Panoth, Deepthi, additional, Paravannoor, Anjali, additional, Paroul, Natalia, additional, Patel, Gautam M., additional, Patil, S.J., additional, Pinto, Alexandre Henrique, additional, Rajak, Dipen Kumar, additional, Ramesar, Naomi, additional, Ramgir, Niranjan S., additional, Ros-Lis, Jose V., additional, Salemi, H., additional, Satnami, Manmohan L., additional, Saxena, Kirti, additional, Sequinel, Thiago, additional, Shah, Vraj R., additional, Shahadat, Mohammad, additional, Shoushtari, Mohammadreza Tavakoli, additional, Singh, Ashish Kumar, additional, Singh, Dushyant Kumar, additional, Sinju, K.R., additional, Sivalingam, Yuvaraj, additional, Sreekrishnan, T.R., additional, Steffens, Clarice, additional, Steffens, Juliana, additional, Syed, Ahmed Shuja, additional, Thulasi, Kunnambeth M., additional, Trendafilova, Irina, additional, Vaishanav, Sandeep K., additional, Vijayan, Baiju Kizhakkekilikoodayil, additional, Yeganeh, Mahdi, additional, Zadeh, Maryam Kahvazi, additional, and Zhu, Yi, additional

Published
2021
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29. Economic and social change in Khairpur (1947-1980)

Author

Ahmed, Shuja

Subjects
330.954917
Abstract

This study is mainly focussed on the analysis of social and economic changes as an outcome of technological change introduced in twentieth century agriculture in Khairpur. These changes led to the emergence of a middle class in Khairpur. Chapter 1 introduces Sind and summarises the conditions of Khairpur state in the mid-twentieth century and concludes the key points regarding the socio-economic and administrative status of the state. Chapter 2 deals with Green Revolution debate. The next three chapters describe the main sources of agricultural revolution which created social, cultural and political changes in Khairpur. These sources included the improvement of irrigation, the introduction of mechanisation in agriculture and the adoption of new high-yielding varieties technology. Chapter 6 examines the process of commercialisation of agriculture and growth of urban culture as an impact of agricultural change. It analyses consumer culture as a new middle class life was created by technological change. The chapter demonstrates how the cultural way of life underwent a remarkable transformation in Khairpur through the consumption of new products. This argument at one level examines the tools of marketing used by advertisers and it indicates at another level the thrust of consumers for their desired identities in a society where they were marginalised by the way that the economic and social order had developed in colonial times. Chapter 7 demonstrates that shopping and leisure became increasingly important for the middle class. It was by such means that they expressed their new identities and new social positions. They also came to express themselves politically. Thus, they were able to assert themselves against the attempts of the landlords and bureaucrats to keep them down. But they were not able to do so to the extent that they took power. Nevertheless, there were changes in the economic and social structure which portended future political change. Chapter 8 deals with conclusion of the study.

Published
2012

34. Enhanced Performance of Perovskite Single-Crystal Photodiodes by Epitaxial Hole Blocking Layer

Author

Yuzhu Pan, Xin Wang, Yubing Xu, Yuwei Li, Elias Emeka Elemike, Ahmed Shuja, Qing Li, Xiaobing Zhang, Jing Chen, Zhiwei Zhao, and Wei Lei

Subjects
perovskite single crystals, heterojunction, PIN diodes, epitaxial growth, photoelectric detection, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Introducing hole/electron transporting and blocking layers is considered to enhance the performance of electronic devices based on organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskite single crystals (PSCs). In many photodiodes, the hole/electron transporting or blocking materials are spin-coated or thermal-evaporated on PSC to fabricate heterojunctions. However, the heterojunction interfaces due to lattice mismatch between hole/electron, transporting or blocking materials and perovskites easily form traps and cracks, which cause noise and leakage current. Besides, these low-mobility transporting layers increase the difficulty of transporting carriers generated by photons to the electrode; hence, they also increase the response time for photo detection. In the present study, MAPbCl3-MAPbBr2.5Cl0.5 heterojunction interfaces were realized by liquid-phase epitaxy, in which MAPbBr2.5Cl0.5 PSC acts as an active layer and MAPbCl3 PSC acts as a hole blocking layer (HBL). Our PIN photodiodes with epitaxial MAPbCl3 PSC as HBL show better performance in dark current, light responsivity, stability, and response time than the photodiodes with spin-coated organic PCBM as HBL. These results suggest that the heterojunction interface formed between two bulk PSCs with different halide compositions by epitaxy growth is very useful for effectively blocking the injected charges under high external electric field, which could improve the collection of photo-generated carriers and hereby enhance the detection performance of the photodiode. Furthermore, the PIN photodiodes made of PSC with epitaxial HBL show the sensitivities of 7.08 mC Gyair−1 cm−2, 4.04 mC Gyair−1 cm−2, and 2.38 mC Gyair−1 cm−2 for 40-keV, 60-keV, and 80-keV X-ray, respectively.

Published
2020
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35. Peritoneal Carcinomatosis

Author

Bryan, Michelle L., Ahmed, Shuja, Votanopoulos, Konstantinos I., Shen, Perry, Levine, Edward A., Stewart, John H., IV, and Morgan, Katherine A., editor

Published
2016
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41. Contributors

Author

Muhammad Aamir, Shuja Ahmed, Javeed Akhtar, Muhammad Awais Aslam, Amol C. Badgujar, V. Belessi, Neha Bisht, Sivasambu Böhm, Liliana P.T. Carneiro, Pritam Kishore Chakraborty, Silvia Colella, Carola Esposito Corcione, Olivier Degryse, Felipe M. de Souza, Sanjay R. Dhage, Steven John DiGregorio, Eleonora Ferraris, Nádia S. Ferreira, Octavio Garate, Snehraj Gaur, V. Georgakilas, Mehak Ghafoor, Sujit Kumar Ghosh, Gustavo Giménez, Antonella Giuri, Ram K. Gupta, Ritu Gupta, Owen James Hildreth, Žiga Jelen, Muhammad Kaleem Shabbir, Humaira Rashid Khan, Fahd Sikandar Khan, Muhammad Ejaz Khan, Pawan Kumar Khanna, S. Kiruthika, A. Koutsioukis, Andrea Listorti, F. Raquel Maia, Peter Majerič, Manab Mallik, Rocío Martínez-Flores, Dibakar Mondal, Leandro N. Monsalve, Sania Naseer, Gayatri Natu, Joaquim M. Oliveira, Gerko Oskam, Ayan Pal, Sudip Kumar Pal, Alexandra M.F.R. Pinto, Dena Pourjafari, Mallar Ray, Rui L. Reis, Aurora Rizzo, Geonel Rodríguez-Gattorno, Rebeka Rudolf, Miguel A. Ruiz-Gómez, Mainak Saha, M. Goreti F. Sales, Angel Samos-Puerto, Miriam Seiti, Abu Bakar Siddique, Rina Singh, Ahmed Shuja Syed, Amit Tewari, Khalid Hussain Thebo, Hanuma Reddy Tiyyagura, Ajay B. Urgunde, Lionel S. Veiga, Akash Verma, Maria Rosaria Vetrano, Thomas L. Willett, Brijesh Singh Yadav, and Gabriel Ybarra

Published
2023

48. Molecular engineering of ruthenium-based photosensitizers with superior photovoltaic performance in DSSCs: novel N-alkyl 2-phenylindole-based ancillary ligands

Author

Saba Ashraf, Rui Su, Javeed Akhtar, Ahmed Shuja, Humaira M. Siddiqi, and Ahmed El-Shafei

Subjects
Materials Chemistry, General Chemistry, Catalysis
Abstract

In this work, we report the design and successful synthesis of two new heteroleptic polypyridyl Ru(ii) complexes (SD-5 and SD-6), by incorporating hetero-aromatic electron-donating N-alkyl-2-phenylindole moieties into the ancillary ligand.

Published
2022

50. Design, Electrical, and Optical Modelling of Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cell

Author

Muhammad Ali, Ahmed Shuja, Ahsan Baig, Erum Jamil, and Muhammad Amjad

Subjects
Renewable energy sources, TJ807-830
Abstract

The energy scenario today is focused on the development and usage of solar cells, especially in the paradigm of clean energy. To readily create electron and hole pairs, solar cells utilize either photoactive or photosensitive components. A bulk heterojunction (BHJ) is a nanolayer consisting of donor and acceptor components with a large interpenetrated acceptor and donor contact area. In this context, a mix of P3HT and PCBM offers novelty for its use as an acceptor as well as a donor. In the work presented here, we address the mechanism of modelling and characterization of a BHJ-based polymer solar cell. Here, a new design of BHJ polymer solar cells have been designed, modelled, using Silvaco TCAD in the Organic Solar module, and matched with an already assembled device having similar features. Using this model, we have been able to estimate key parameters for the modelled devices, such as the short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor with less than 0.25 error index compared to the fabricated counterpart, paving the way for fabless polymer solar cell design and optimization.

Published
2018
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