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Numerous flow and heat transfer studies have relied on the construction of similarity transformations which map the nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) describing the flow and heat transfer, to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). For these reduced equations, one finds multiple analytic and approximate solution procedures as compared to the flow PDEs. Here, we aim at constructing multiple classes of similarity transformations that are different from those already existing in the literature. We adopt the Lie symmetry method to derive these new similarity transformations which reveal new classes of ODEs corresponding to flow equations when applied to them. With these multiple classes of similarity transformations, one finds multiple reductions in the flow PDEs to ODEs. On solving these ODEs analytically or numerically, we obtain different kinds of flow and heat transfer patterns that help in determining optimized solutions in accordance with the physical requirements of a problem. For the said purpose, we derive Lie point symmetries for the magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid flow and heat transfer in a thin film on an unsteady stretching sheet with viscous dissipation. Linear combinations of these Lie symmetries that are again the Lie symmetries of the flow model are employed here to construct new similarity transformations. We derive multiple Lie similarity transformations through the proposed procedure which lead us to more than one class of reduced ODEs obtained by applying the deduced transformations. We analyze the flow and heat transfer by deriving analytic solutions for the obtained classes of systems of ODEs using the homotopy analysis method. Magnetic parameters and viscous dissipation influences on the flow and heat transports are investigated and presented in graphical and tabulated formats.

PURPOSEWhen combined with radiotherapy, limb salvage surgery is an alternative to amputation. This study sought to determine the limb-sparing treatment outcomes in patients diagnosed with soft tissue extremity sarcomas treated at our institution.MATERIALS AND METHODSAll adult patients with extremity soft tissue sarcoma treated with the radical limb salvage strategy at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Canter, Lahore, Pakistan, between January 2017 and December 2019 were retrospectively assessed.RESULTSA total of 122 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 42 years (range 19-82), and 64 (52.5%) were males. The majority of patients, 65 (53.3%), were diagnosed with stage III and grade III disease according to American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM classification (Eighth edition). The most common surgical modality was wide local excision that was performed in 106 (86.9%) patients. Adjuvant radiation treatment was given in 111 (91%) patients, whereas 11 (9%) patients received neoadjuvant radiation treatment. The mean dose was 58 Gy (range: 46-66 Gy). Eighty-two (67.2%) of the patients were disease-free on post-treatment radiologic scans with disease recurrence observed in 40 (32.8%) patients. The median disease-free survival was 8 months (95% CI, 5.45 to 10.55). Local recurrence and distant metastases developed in 16 (13%) and 24 (20%) patients, respectively.CONCLUSIONAbout two thirds of patients with extremity soft tissue sarcoma were successfully treated with limb salvage strategy, surgery, and radiation therapy. However, high rate of relapse warrants further novel strategies in this patient population.

New Makran simulations imply two generalized zones of mid-field tsunami hazard in greater Karachi. The simulations presuppose seven megathrust ruptures that strike east-west, range in area from 100 × 150 km to 355 × 800 km, and lie west of the city by no less than 100 km. The assumed seismic slip is uniform across each rupture area. The smallest rupture approximates the 1945 Makran earthquake of magnitude 8.1, while the largest corresponds to a previously conjectured giant Makran earthquake of magnitude 9.2. None of the sources include a complication in 1945: late-arriving waves from submarine slides or splay faulting. Consequently, the first simulated wave is the largest in each of the seven scenarios. And because the sources are to the west, the simulated waves are higher, and arrive sooner, at Karachi Port (1.5 hr) than 30 km farther east at Port Qasim (nearly 3 hr). These combinations of height and arrival time can be generalized as properties of two hazard zones: a western one that includes Karachi Port, and an eastern one that includes Port Qasim. The simulated flooding extends farthest inland into low-lying residential areas of the western zone. Neither hazard zone is near-field or far-field. That is, neither is near enough to the fault ruptures for felt seismic shaking to dependably warn of a fast-arriving tsunami, yet neither is distant enough to receive more than three hours of advance notice through tsunami warning systems. Our simulations are intended to support emergency management in this mid-field setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Renewable Energy Community (REC) in Europe promotes renewable energy sources (RESs), offering social, economic, and environmental benefits. This new entity could alter consumer energy relationships, requiring self-consumption, energy sharing, and full utilization of RESs. Modernizing energy systems within the REC requires addressing self-consumption, energy sharing, demand response, and energy management system initiatives. The paper discusses the role of decentralized energy systems, the scenarios of the REC concept and key aspects, and activities involving energy generation, energy consumption, energy storage systems, energy sharing, and EV technologies. Moreover, the present work highlights the research gap in the existing literature and the necessity of addressing the technological elements. It also highlights that there is no uniform architecture or model for the REC, like in the case of microgrids. Additionally, the present work emphasizes the role and importance of technological elements in RECs, suggesting future recommendations for EMS, DSM, data monitoring and analytics, communication systems, and the software or tools to ensure reliability, efficiency, economic, and environmental measures. The authors also highlight the crucial role of policymakers and relevant policies, which could help in implementing these technological elements and show the importance of the RECs for a sustainable energy shift and transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the pattern of psychiatric disorders among children reporting to the Psychiatry department Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital, Karachi. Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Psychiatry department Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital, Karachi, from Feb to Aug 2018. Methodolgy: A total of 100 children, aged between 6-12 years of age, both male and female, meeting the selection criteria of the study, presenting to the Psychiatry department at Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital, were enrolled for this study. Informed consent was taken from the parents. The consultant psychiatrist interviewed the patients and diagnosed any psychiatric disorders based on international classification of diseases version 10. The data was recorded on the study proforma. Results: Out of a total of 100 children, 66 (66%) were male, while 34 (34%) were female. The mean age of the participating children was 8.66 + 1.97 years. The most common psychiatric disorder was attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 44 (44%), followed by depression 30 (30%). Other diagnoses included oppositional defiant disorder 12 (12%), conduct disorder 9 (9%) and separation anxiety disorder 5 (5%). Conclusion: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and depression are amongst the quite prevalent psychiatric disorders, than that was considered earlier.

Background: Patient satisfaction is an important measure of health service and a key indicator of the quality of health service. Studies focus on how to improve quality rather than patient satisfaction. This study was conducted to identify patients’ satisfaction with the pharmaceutical service package of Health Insurance Corporation of Khartoum State in Jabal-Awliya locality, Khartoum, Sudan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and August 2020. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Satisfaction was estimated using the Likert Scale. The association between patient’s satisfaction and patient care indicators, namely: average dispensing time, percentage of medicine dispensed and labelled, and patient correct dose knowledge were assessed using Chi- square test, where a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of 378 participants, the mean age was 47 with a comparable frequency of male and female participants (49.3% and 50.7% respectively). The mean satisfaction was 62.2% (3.11 ± 0.68). Most of the participants were satisfied with the way the pharmacist dealt with them (3.7, ± 0.778), while a low mean of satisfaction was reported regarding the availability of medicine within the pharmaceutical benefit package (2.06, ± 1.17). Average dispensing time was 5.78 minutes (p = 0.002), a low percentage of medicine actually dispensed and labelled was observed at 67% and 58% respectively (p = 0.00). A higher patient knowledge was reported 96.6% (p = 0.00), and the majority of the patients were able to pay 65% (p = 0.00). Conclusion: The current study demonstrates a comparable satisfaction score. However, medication unavailability is the main factor that affects patient satisfaction.

Objective: To determine the frequency and correlates of cannabis use among the psychiatric inpatients presenting with first episode of psychosis at Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Lahore. Study Design: Correlational study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Lahore, from Nov 2016 to Apr 2017. Methodology: A total of 88 patients between 18-40 years of age, both male and female, meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, presenting to Psychiatry department, CMH Lahore; were enrolled in the study after obtaining their informed consent. Patients were interviewed through Present state examination and the diagnosis was made on the basis of International Classification of Diseases version 10. The data was recorded on the study proforma. Outcome variable was frequency of cannabis abuse among these patients of first episode psychosis. It was compared among various age and gender groups and across educational, marital and residential status of the patient. Results: The mean age of the patients was 26.59 ± 5.79 years. There were 57 (64.8%) male and 31 (35.2%) female patients in the study group, with a ratio of 1.8 males to 1 female (1.8:1). Cannabis use was found in 25 (28.4%) patients. Statistical analysis revealed non-significant difference in the frequency of cannabis use in age (p=0.15), gender (p=0.69), educational (p=0.91), marital (p=0.180) and residential status (p=0.30). Conclusion: Cannabis use is highly correlated and prevalent among the patients presenting with first episode of psychosis.

Historical limestone surface and historical building may be exposed to many changes due to the exposure to many mechanical, Physiochemical deterioration factors Which represents a threat to our cultural heritage so the aim of this study was to preserve monuments by consolidating limestone by various consolidating materials to evaluate the efficiency of treatment process, in this study we used Nanoparticles of calcium hydroxide(NANO RESTORE), SILRES® BS OH 100 (solventless mixtures of ethyl silicates (TEOS) tetraethoxysilane) were used to improve the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the stone material, Remmers KSE 300 E ( Solvent-free stone strengthener on a silicic acid ethyl ester (KSE) base), highly penetrating, safe and easy to use, resistant to high weather and ultraviolet radiation, Paraloid B72 it is a joint polymerization consisting of ethyl acrylate and methyl acrylate by 70: 30%, Produced by Rhom & Haas and commercially produced by the Italian company CTS, transparent crystals, dissolved in organic solvents, this type of polymers are characterized by high molecular weight and resistance For friction, flexibility and resistance to yellowing, Paraloid B44 copolymer resin consisting of polyethyl acrylate (PEA), PMMA and ethyl acrylate (EA), a soluble in acetone and toluene, good resistance to UV radiation, corrosion, oxidation and its resistance to external factors to some extent and the degree of its glass transition is high and adding Nanoparticles of calcium hydroxide (NANO RESTORE) to copolymer of acrylic by concentration 1: 1, treatments were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, general appearance water repellency, compressive strength, porosimetry water absorption and Density.