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Proteins are biomolecules with potential applications in agriculture, food sciences, pharmaceutics, biotechnology, and drug delivery. Interactions of hydrophilic and biocompatible polymers with proteins may impart proteolytic stability, improving the therapeutic effects of biomolecules and also acting as excipients for the prolonged storage of proteins under harsh conditions. The interactions of hydrophilic and stealth polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol), poly(trehalose), and zwitterionic polymers with various proteins are well studied. This study evaluates the molecular interactions of hydrophilic and optically active poly(vitamin B5 analogous methacrylamide) (poly(B5AMA)) with model proteins by fluorescence spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy analysis. The optically active hydrophilic polymers prepared using chiral monomers of R-(+)- and S-(−)-B5AMA by the photo-iniferter reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization showed concentration-dependent weak interactions of the polymers with bovine serum albumin and lysozyme proteins. Poly(B5AMA) also exhibited a concentration-dependent protein stabilizing effect at elevated temperatures, and no effect of the stereoisomers of polymers on protein thermal stability was observed. NMR analysis, however, showed poly(B5AMA) stereoisomer-dependent changes in the secondary structure of proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context • Extraordinary advances in the fields of polymer nanoparticle (nano) drug technology, nanomedicines, nanostructures, and nanoscale sciences have played a key role in the healthcare system. New nanodrug complexes have exceptional pharmacological properties with large surface areas that encourage a formulated medication to distribute, absorb, and produce the desired clinical effects. Objective • The current study aimed to review the latest development in the field of nanodrug particles, theranostic, use of noninvasive techniques, and enhancement of retention of nano-theranostic formulations. That helps to develop the innovative pharmaceutical dosage forms. Setting • The latest published data extracted from search engines PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Wolfram Alpha, BASE, Science.gov, Semantic Scholar, Education Resources Information Center, Microsoft Academic, ResearchGate, RefSeek, WorldWideScience, arXiv, Microsoft Academic Search, Google Books, JSTOR, Scirus, Social Science Research Network, Bioline International, SciELO, MetaCrawler, PLOS One, Google Scholar, and Infotopia. Design • The metadata of clinical trials, retrospective, prospective and case control studies collected from the peer review research/ review articles. The aforesaid search engines used to explore the latest information published in ≤200 research studies. the key words Nanomedicines, nanostructure, nanoscale sciences and clinical development run into the system to obtain more specific information. The final data was analyzed, interpreted and narrated for his study. Result • The precisely use of nanodrug for targeted disease produced considerable clinical results. Particularly the designed therapeutic nanoparticle formulations help to reduce the excretion, prolong blood circulation to increase accumulation at a targeted site and increase the therapeutic effects. Conclusions • The nanodrug complexes are successfully translated into several modern medications. The new and innovative nanodrug can potentially be used precisely and correctly to diagnose and treat the terminally ill patients. However, the developed nanodrug complexes, whether they are carriers or therapeutic agents, need thorough physiochemical, pharmacological, and immunological characterization before actual use in clinical practice in different human population of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We previously reported on the experimental validation of several in silico-predicted glioma biomarkers (e.g., Plexin-B2 (PLXNB2), SLIT3, and Spondin-1 (SPON1)) that were found to be higher in human high-grade gliomas (HGGs). In this study, we validated their therapeutic potential by investigating antibody therapies against these three biomarkers in a preclinical mouse GL261 high-grade glioma model. Efficacies for antibody therapies against these biomarkers were assessed by survival and tumor volumes, biomarker expressions, cell invasion and proliferation, and bioinformatics gene/protein associations. Antibodies against PLXNB2, SLIT3, or SPON1 were effective in significantly reducing tumor volumes and increasing animal survival. With immunohistochemistry (IHC), these biomarkers were highly expressed in human HGGs, as well as in mice tumors. From IHC, CD44v6 was significantly decreased for all three antibody treatments, compared to UT GL261 tumors. Bioinformatics suggested that targeting either PLXNB2 or SPON1 may have a major effect on HGG cell migration and invasion (validated with CD44v6 IHC), whereas targeting SLIT3, in addition to affecting cell invasion, may also affect cell proliferation (not validated with Ki67 IHC). These results indicate that targeting these three biomarkers could add to the therapeutic arsenal against high-grade gliomas and that antibodies against them could be considered for clinical translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction notice was issued for the article "Bacterial-Specific Aggregation and Killing of Immunomodulatory Host Defense Peptides" by Nazeer et al. in Pharmaceuticals. The correction addressed an error in Table 1, providing the correct sequence order for the synthesized peptides and their key parameters. The authors confirmed that the scientific conclusions remain unchanged, and the correction was approved by the Academic Editor. [Extracted from the article]