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This article was conducted to evaluate the role of therankeron and methylprednisolone on the healing and regeneration process of the damaged sciatic nerve by crushing in dogs. Eighteen adult dogs were used. The animals were divided into three equal groups. The sciatic nerve of the left hind limb in all experimental animals was damaged by crushing forceps for two minutes. In group one, the damaged nerve was left without any medical therapy, while in groups two and three, methylprednisolone and therankeron were used to treat the crushed sciatic nerve, respectively. The Clinical signs and histopathological changes depended on the 30th and 60th postoperative days to evaluate the degree of nerve repair. In group one, all animals did not use their affected limb with loss of sensation completely, while early and pronounced enhancement in the hind limb function was shown, especially in group three than in group two. In group one, the histopathological changes were characterized by the presence of areas of nerve fiber necrosis and disconnection of it, inflammatory cell infiltration with blood vessel congestion, and edema formation between the nerve fibers in both following periods. The same changes were shown in groups two and three, in addition to the presence of nerve fibers' regeneration, especially in group three, superior to group two. In conclusion, the results of this article revealed positive clinical and histopathological effects of both theranekron and methylprednisolone on the healing and regeneration of the crushed sciatic nerve, with priority for therankeron in dogs.

The Mawali at the beginning of Islam represented an important segment of the companions and followers, and they had great scientific efforts in the service of the religion of Islam in general and the Holy Qur’an in particular, and its delivery to those after them, as the masters had a prominent role in interpreting the verses of the Holy Qur’an. Those who transmitted the narrations that explain the Holy Qur’an, and some of them became an imam in interpretation, as many followers turned to knowledge, especially the science of interpretation, so many commentators emerged from the followers, such as Ataa Ibn Abi Rabah, Peacock, Mujahid Ibn Jabr and others, so God preserved his book with the people of knowledge, many of whom were from The next one, so God raised them with knowledge and the Qur’an

Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease that leads to the degradation of periodontium and results in alveolar bone loss. The development of a suitable animal model of periodontitis is a prerequisite to understanding better the mechanisms that underly this disease. This study evaluated periodontal disease induction via retentive ligature, intragingival injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and their combination in a rat model.Seventy-two Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups. The first group (control) did not receive any treatment. The second group underwent the application of 4/0 nylon ligature around the second maxillary molars. The third group was treated with an intragingival injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS into the palatal mucosa of the second maxilla molars, and the fourth group was treated with a combination of ligature and LPS injection (ligature-LPS). Morphological changes in the gingival tissues were evaluated after 7, 14, and 30 days of treatment.Significant degenerative changes were observed in the periodontal tissues and alveolar bone in the third and fourth groups, which were evident as early as seven days. The lesions remained until 14 days and declined with time in the third and fourth groups. The changes induced by ligature and ligature-LPS were not different. Injection with LPS alone resulted in minimal increases in the Gingival and Plaque Indices.The ligature technique induced periodontal disease successfully, more effective than the injection of LPS. The combination of ligature with LPS injection added no significant effect compared to ligature alone.

Copyright of Journal of Plant Protection & Pathology is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous form of hematological malignancy which comprises about 30% of lymphomas with variable outcome. Onset is usually in the sixth decade of life with male predominance. Morphological, clinical, and biological variation of DLBCL confirms the coexistence of several subtypes of the disease with distinct behavior of each type. Objective: The aims of this study were to determine the demographics and outcome of patients with DLBCL and compare these parameters with regional and international data. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 61 patients with confirmed diagnosis of DLBCL. The diagnosis was based on histopathological and immunohistochemistry which was done in the Department of Pathology, Shorsh General Hospital in Sulaimani. The cases were randomly selected according to the availability of data since March 2013–March 2017. Results: Median age at diagnosis was about 51 years with peak age of incidence between 50 and 64 years, with female predominance. The most common site of the primary tumor was nodal in which cervical lymph node is the most common site, and majority of the patients were in Stage III with predominance of B-symptoms. Vast majority of the patients have normal chest X-ray, and majority of the patients were in remission over a period of 19 months of follow-up. Conclusion: We found that there is a significant relationship between age, stage, and performance of the patients, while no significant relation between other parameters and the outcome of the patients is near to their Peers internationally.

Background and aim: The poultry meat and its products are considered ideal media for bacterial growth and spoilage, as they are highly nutritive with a favorable pH. The food industry has focused its attention on a great diversity of plant species as food preservatives. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157: H7, and Klebsiella pneumonia in food samples and to evaluate of the antibacterial activity of some medicinal plant extracts against these bacteria. Methods: Raw and processed meat samples (n = 60) were collected from abattoirs and local markets. S. aureus, E. coli O157: H7, and K. pneumonia were isolated, identified by phenotypic methods, and then confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The antibacterial activity and spectrum of essential oils and spices powder of cumin, black seeds, cloves, cinnamon, and marjoram was determined against the isolated strains in this study by microbial count and well-diffusion techniques. Results: A total of 33 isolates have been identified as S. aureus, 30 isolates were identified as E. coli O157: H7, and 15 isolates were identified as K. pneumonia. S. aureus, E. coli O157: H7, and K. pneumonia could be detected in both fresh and processed food with higher prevalence in the processed meat. There was a significant decrease in microbial count in treated samples either with the spices powder or essential oils of the tested medicinal plants compared to control samples during storage time period. Furthermore, while the microbial count increased in the control samples, the microbial count decreased to reach zero in almost all treated samples with essential oils after 15 days of storage. Conclusion: S. aureus, E. coli O157: H7, and K. pneumonia are associated with food from animal sources, in either fresh or processed meat samples. The prevalence of them was higher in the processed meat than in fresh meat. The essential oils and spices powder of cumin, black seeds, cloves, cinnamon, and marjoram have an in vitro wide spectrum antibacterial activity with the highest antibacterial activity for the black seeds.

Atorvastatin Calcium (At-Ca) has pleiotropic effect as anti-inflammatory drug beside its main antihyperlipidemic action. Our study was conducted to modulate the anti-inflammatory effect of At-Ca to be efficiently sustained for longer time. Single oil-water emulsion solvent evaporation technique was used to fabricate At-Ca into polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). In vitro optimization survey was performed on Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) loaded with At-Ca regrading to particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, percent entrapment efficiency (% EE), surface morphology and in vitro release pattern. In vitro drug-polymers interactions were fully scanned using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC) proving that the method of fabrication is an optimal strategy maintaining the drug structure with no interaction with polymeric matrix. The optimized formula with particle size (248.2 ± 15.13 nm), PDI (0.126 ± 0.048), zeta potential (−12.41 ± 4.80 mV), % EE (87.63 ± 3.21%), initial burst (39.78 ± 6.74%) and percent cumulative release (83.63 ± 3.71%) was orally administered in Male Sprague–Dawley rats to study the sustained anti-inflammatory effect of At-Ca PLGA NPs after carrageenan induced inflammation. In vivo results demonstrate that AT-Ca NPs has a sustained effect extending for approximately three days. Additionally, the histological examination revealed that the epidermal/dermal layers restore their typical normal cellular alignment with healthy architecture.

This study was executed to find out the effect of the treatment soil by the fungus Trichoderma sp. to increasing the ability of the plant alfalfa to absorption copper and zinc from contaminated soils with heavy metals. The fungus Trichoderma sp. isolated from soils of possible contamination sites in Al-Ramadi city, and added to soil which treatment by four concentrations of two heavy metals copper (0,40,60,80 mg/l) and zinc (0,110,165,220 mg/l). Results showed the treatment fungus Trichoderma sp. has a clear role in increasing the percentage of absorption of copper and zinc in terms of the rate of absorption in leaves and roots, of the of plants grown in soils is treated with fungus compared with plants grown in soils is the non-treated of the fungus, as amended registered 40.4333, 25.309, 49.865, 60.719, 31.0375, 22.250, 41.790, 54.338 mg/l respectively.

The study included isolate and diagnose some fungi from possible contamination sites in Al-Ramadi city. And inoculated the liquid culture media contaminated with differing concentrations of lead and chromium by this fungus and two periods 7 and 14 days. results showed the fungus Fusarium sp. records the highest rate of removal of lead and chromium, and the duration of has no effect mentioned on the rate of removal of the lead and chromium, as the relationship between increase in lead and chromium concentration in the liquid media and the ability of fungi on removal was inverse.

Copyright of Jordan Medical Journal is the property of University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are unique subpopulations of B cells with immune-regulating or immune-suppressing properties and play a role in peripheral tolerance. Due to the current limitations of human Breg studies among periodontal diseases, in the present study, we tried to analyze the change in circulating Bregs, pro-inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with periodontitis. Peripheral blood from 55 patients with stage 2 periodontitis and 20 healthy controls was analyzed using flow cytometry to evaluate the frequency of CD19+CD24+CD38+ Breg cells. ELISA was used to assess the serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β. Increased proportions of Breg cells were observed in patients with stage 2 periodontitis compared to controls. Serum levels of cytokines were significantly higher in patients with periodontitis compared to controls. A significant positive correlation was observed between the frequencies of Breg cells and IL35 levels, IL10 levels, and TGF-β. In conclusion, our results suggest that the increase in peripheral Breg cells and serum cytokine levels among periodontitis patients seems to be closely associated with disease progression, a possible link between periodontitis, and systemic inflammatory process.

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) belonging to the nanovesicles family that function as signaling molecules between cells. After their first description in the late 1960s, interest in their potential as a research target has steadily increased. They are small secreted organelles with a single membrane that are well enriched in lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and glycoconjugates. Exosomes take part in a larger communication network in which cells communicate between one another by DNA shuttling, proteins, RNA, and membrane-bound factors. The machinery of protein quality control occurs through the process termed “exosome biogenesis”. Furthermore, the pathway involved in intercellular movement of vesicles is vital in various aspects of human health and diseases. Due to their inherent properties, exosomes are currently being developed as potential therapeutic agents in a wide range of diseases including infectious and non-infectious diseases. Exosomes and other EVs sourced from Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown in different studies to possess therapeutic effects in diverse disease models either in vivo or in vitro. Some mechanisms and/or pathways that MSC-derived exosomes use to illustrate their therapeutic effect against some diseases have also been summarized. This review aims to highlight the recent findings and potential therapeutic application of exosomes in different diseases such as autoimmune, cardiovascular, obesity, neural, soft tissues, bone, and cartilage.

Introduction: The objective of the study was to assess the potential of the leaf of Dicranopteris linearis in altering the CNS functions with three different extracts; aqueous, ethanol and ethyl acetate.Methods: To evaluate and compare the activities Morris maze, elevated plus maze (EPM),open field, hole cross and head dip tests were performed and many behavioral parameters wereobserved. The forced swim in Morris water maze analyzed the depression of rodents in termsof inability to self-rescue. Alongside, hole cross and open field tests assessed the inhibition oflocomotor activities. Moreover, EPM test screened the anxiolytic potential while the head dippinghole board test supported the previous experiments by evaluating both sedative, depressive andanxiolytic potentials of the extracts.Results: The results showed that the ethanol extract significantly suppressed CNS activity byreducing number of locomotor activities and increasing the stability phase (in EPM and Morrismaze) supporting mild sedation, depression and anxiolysis. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate extractalso possessed moderate to high potential in reducing locomotor activities depending on gradientdoses. Results were compared with control group and found statistically significant.Conclusion: As this plant mimic the activity of a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist, itcan be concluded that the plant may have GABA mediated involvement in central nervous system.However, the responsible compounds for these activities are yet to be investigated and this maypotentiate a new source of drug development.

Abstract Degenerative spinal stenosis is a progressive disorder that involves the entire spinal motion segment. It describes abnormal narrowing of the central canal, the lateral recesses or the intervertebral foramina to the point where the neural elements are compromised. When this occurs the patient develops neurological symptoms and signs in the lower limbs. Hemi-laminectomy is a surgical procedure, which is designed to relieve pressure on the nerves in the spine. This procedure is performed when patient has degenerative conditions leading to signs and symptoms of neural impairment, because the procedure is invasive, it is usually only recommended when other non-operative treatment approaches failed to relief the patient complain. Before the procedure can be performed, a neurological examination is conducted to determine which area of the spine is affected. We also typically order medical imaging studies of the spine so that we can clearly visualize the area that requires surgery. The patient undergoes routine blood work to check for underlying medical problems that could complicate surgery, and meets with an anesthesiologist to discuss anesthesia options and prepare for the operation. This study is a prospective analysis of a randomized collection of 22 patients who underwent surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis at the period from April to the end of July 2012. The procedures were done by orthopaedic surgeons. The period of the follow up was 1 year post-operatively. The follow up criteria depended on the distance the patient could walk uninterrupted for the assessment of the neural claudication, for the assessment of the radicular pain; we depended on the Outcome Measure in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis questionnaire (OMLSS) which is rating from 6 to 30, & for the weakness (weak dorsiflexion) we depended on the Medical Research Council (MRC) Grading of the muscle power, which is rating from 0 to 5. The patients were suspected to have spinal stenosis on the basis of a history, physical examination, & radiological imaging. The final assessment and the decision of the operation were made by the surgeons who operated them. Twenty two patients were included in the study, 15 of them were females (68%), and the rest were males (32%), with female to male ratio was approximately 2:1. Regarding the age, it was ranging from (55 - 78 years); the majority 14 of 22 of patients (63%) was between the ages of 61 – 65 years old. About the occupation, (50%) of the total number were housewives women & 18% of the total number were earners men. (77%) & (23%) of the patients were complaining of bilateral & unilateral neural claudication respectively, (64%) & (36%) of the patients had bilateral & unilateral radicular pain & paraesthesia respectively, (23%) & (13%) had bilateral & unilateral weak dorsiflexion respectively, who were in grade 3 according to the (MRC) grading system. Post-operatively, (81.8%) of the patients with neural claudication got improvement in the walking distance for up to more than 1 km uninterrupted. Regarding the radicular pain, (59%) had subsided in less than 3 months post-operatively, (27.5%) of them were relieved in the period of 3 - 6 months, & just one patient (4.5%) still had pain for the entire period of the follow up which was rated 15 of 30 according to the (OMLSS). Weak dorsiflexion was also improved post-operatively in the 1st 3 months in (33.3%) & (40%) of the unilaterally & bilaterally affected patients respectively, while (67%) & (60%) of the unilaterally & bilaterally affected patients relieved in the period up to the 6th month post-operatively respectively.